专题05+阅读理解Ⅲ：推理判断题（讲）-2019年高考英语二轮复习讲练测 38页

‎【构建知识体系】‎ 推理判断题 考点1 细节判断题 考点2文章来源题 考点3读者对象题 考点4观点态度题 考点5预测推断题 考点6推断目的意图题 ‎2016-2018年全国高考Ⅰ卷本专题考查分布明细统计 年份 章节 素材话题 体裁 考点分布 主旨大意 细节理解 推理判断 词义猜测 ‎2016‎ 第一节 主要介绍了四位著名的女性的基本情况。‎ 说明文 ‎1‎ ‎9‎ ‎4‎ ‎1‎ 主要介绍了社会上很多老年人搬到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势，同时也建议老人们要做出适合自己的选择。‎ 说明文 文章主要讲述了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历，表现了人们之间的友爱。‎ 记叙文 主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同含义。‎ 说明文 第二节 主要介绍了密码的设置方法和破解方法。‎ 说明文 信息匹配 ‎2017‎ 第一节 文章主要从购物点、就餐点、租借服务三方面介绍了Pacific Science Center，并展示了Pacific Science Center 应用文 ‎1‎ ‎7‎ ‎5‎ ‎2‎ 为人们做的贡献，呼吁人们的支持。‎ 救助一只小猫头鹰，给它做新的窝，帮助它回到父母身边的故事。‎ 记叙文 文章讲述了为提高人们对于爵士乐的重视程度，联合国教科文组织 把4月30号定为了国际爵士乐日。然而这一行为还是没能挽救爵士乐。Jason Moran认为时代在进步，为了将老一代人和年轻一代人联接起来，爵士乐应该也随之进步。‎ 说明文 文章主要介绍了一种自己可以亲手制作的简单易行的太阳能蒸馏器的方法和它的工作原理。这种蒸馏器所需的材料简单，适用于任何缺水的地方。‎ 科普说明文 第二节 文章讲述了三年前，作者对露营一无所知，也不认为自己会喜欢露营。然而后来有过几次露营的经历，作者和他的家人开始爱上了露营，甚至为露营购买了设备齐全的房车。作者认为露营是回归大自然的一个方式，也建议读者找到适合自己的回归自然的方式。‎ 说明文 信息匹配 ‎2018‎ 第一节 本文是一篇广告应用文。文章介绍了骑自行车到Washington, D.C.旅游的四中路线的相关行程及注意事项。‎ 应用文 ‎2‎ ‎8‎ ‎4‎ ‎1‎ 记叙文 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国系列电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。‎ 本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。‎ 议论文 本文是一篇科普说明文。文章讲述了新旧电子设备的差别，旧电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者主张使用新电子设备。‎ 科普说明文 第二节 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题。‎ 说明文 信息匹配 ‎2016-2018年全国高考Ⅱ卷本专题考查分布明细统计 年份 章节 素材话题 体裁 考点分布 主旨大意 细节理解 推理判断 词义猜测 ‎2016‎ A 主要介绍了几个广告的具体内容，涉及音乐、喜剧表演和歌曲等活动的具体安排，如时间、地点等。‎ 应用文 ‎1‎ ‎9‎ ‎3‎ ‎2‎ B 主要讲述了作者在上课的时候通过让学生们拼装玩具，从而发现并鼓励学生们的创造性思维的故事。‎ 记叙文 C 主要介绍了网站BookCrossing.com建立的目的以及它是如何促进人们分享图书的。‎ 说明文 D 主要介绍了Frank用图片使一次失败的南极航海活动重新进入人们的视野，让人们能够了解这次航海的许多信息。‎ 记叙文 ‎2017‎ A 介绍了4则有关戏剧的广告。分别介绍了四个用不同语言演绎莎士比亚戏剧的文化盛事。‎ 应用文 ‎2‎ ‎5‎ ‎6‎ ‎2‎ B 作者用深情追忆了自己和Paul Newman因为志趣相投、信念相守的深厚的友情。‎ 记叙文 C 本文比较详尽地介绍了新型交通工具——陆空两用汽车的独特性能和前景。‎ 说明文 D 文章通过两位科学家的研究发现，植被也有奇特的自我保护和协作抗击害虫的方式。‎ 科普说明文 ‎2018‎ A 本文是一篇广告布告类说明文。文中讲述了家长和孩子一起挑选可以参加的活动。文中分别对这些活动的名称，活动内容，活动特色和活动组织工作人员还有活动的价格进行了详细的描述。‎ 应用文 ‎1‎ ‎6‎ ‎7‎ ‎1‎ B 本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。文中讲述了人们热爱水果丰盛的7月，这时候各种水果营养丰富且含有对人体有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我们可以利用它做一些孩子喜欢的甜点或冰淇淋。‎ 说明文 C 据本周一公布的a Common Sense Media report 说明文 报告显示，青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣大大减少。文中从阅读的乐趣，阅读的时间，阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响等角度展示了该报告的内容。‎ D 这是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的沉默抗争，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好处。‎ 议论文 ‎2016-2018年全国高考III卷本专题考查分布明细统计 年份 章节 素材话题 体裁 考点分布 主旨大意 细节理解 推理判断 词义猜测 ‎2016‎ A 本文通过广告的形式介绍了几家举行音乐演出的剧场的信息。‎ 应用文 ‎1‎ ‎10‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ B 文章通过作家Welty一次与朋友在外面吃饭的经历，讲述了小说中的人物大多都是来自现实生活。‎ 记叙文 C 介绍了苹果节的一些情况。‎ 说明文 D 讨论了新闻传播的规则，以及读者喜欢分享什么样的文章。‎ 议论文 ‎2017‎ A 应用文 ‎2‎ ‎9‎ ‎3‎ ‎1‎ 介绍了旧金山消防车旅游的四个旅游项目：旧金山酒庄之旅，五十年代怀旧之旅，万圣节幽灵之旅和假日花灯展之旅。‎ B The Plaza Theater，一座带着一座城市记忆的剧院，由于种种原因，要面临关门歇业。临关门前，老板选了一部合适的老电影播放。伤心的观众眼含不舍的泪水。‎ 记叙文 C 生物链中任何一个环节出了问题都会对生态造成灾难性的破坏。黄石公园由于人类活动导致灰狼几近消失，幸亏当地政府采取措施引进灰狼，亡羊补牢，逐渐恢复了生态平衡。‎ 科普说明文 D 主要介绍了为老年人研制的一款电动汽车。‎ 说明文 ‎2018‎ A 文章为旅游指南。文章主要介绍了去Holker Hall& Garden 旅游的相关信息，如：出行方式，开放时间，旅行费用以及主要活动等。‎ 应用文 ‎2‎ ‎8‎ ‎4‎ ‎1‎ B 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawson这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。‎ 说明文 C 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国建筑设计师王澍在其作品中融合中国传统建筑文化，获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——‎ 新闻报道 普利策奖，这让中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。‎ D 文章讲述作者引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法。‎ 议论文 ‎【考纲解读】‎ 考试大纲 要求 考纲解读 要求考生阅读4篇短文，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容。体裁多样，以记叙文、议论文、说明文为主。‎ 考查主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、篇章结构等题型。‎ 主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。‎ ‎【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向 ‎1.C【2018·全国I】‎ Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.‎ Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade, industrialisation. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many Languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English．Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.‎ At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The ‎ general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.‎ Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.‎ ‎28. What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?‎ A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number.‎ C. They had similar patters. D. They were closely connected ‎【答案】28. B ‎ ‎【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。‎ ‎2.B【2018·全国II】‎ Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.‎ Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.‎ When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter.‎ ‎ Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.‎ If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.‎ ‎27. From which is the text probably taken?‎ A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine.‎ C. A research paper. D. A travel brochure.‎ ‎【答案】24. C ‎ ‎3.C【2018·全国III】‎ While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.‎ Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.‎ Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.‎ The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.‎ Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use ‎ traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).‎ Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.‎ Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. "That is only evidence that traditions once existed," he said.‎ ‎"Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created, " he said.‎ ‎"Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are, " said Wang.‎ The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.‎ ‎28. Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________.‎ A. following the latest world trend B. getting international recognition C. working harder than ever before D. relying on foreign architects ‎31. What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?‎ A. Spread them to the world. B. Preserve them at museums.‎ C. Teach them in universities. D. Recreate them in practice.‎ ‎【答案】28. B 31. D ‎【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国建筑设计师王澍在其作品中融合中国传统建筑文化，获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利策奖，这让中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。‎ ‎28. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，王澍获得2012年普利策奖，而普利策奖相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，他是第一个获此奖的中国人，故推知中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。故B项正确。‎ ‎4.A【2018·浙江卷】‎ ‎ In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—‎ but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.‎ ‎ In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.‎ ‎ How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences ‎ from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.‎ ‎22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.‎ A. his reputation in France B. his interest in modern art C. his success in publication D. his importance in literature ‎23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?‎ A. To remember a great writer.‎ B. To introduce an English novel.‎ C. To encourage studies on culture.‎ D. To promote values of the Victorian age.‎ ‎【答案】 22. D 23. A ‎【解析】本文写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕，介绍了Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响。‎ ‎23. 写作意图题。根据文中对Charles Dickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写，和文章最后But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知本文是写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选A。‎ ‎【高考预测】‎ 纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2019年全国高考试题还会 ‎①Ⅰ卷在选材上继续保持知识性和趣味性，语篇长度适中，题材与体裁广泛，彰显文化特色，重点考查考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。细节理解题占总量的60%左右，难度与上年持平，预计难度系数0.6。‎ ‎②Ⅱ卷文章体裁继续延续记叙文和说明文占主体的局面，另有一篇议论文和一篇广告类说明文。题型以细节理解题为主，推理判断题略有所增加，词义猜测题2题左右。‎ ‎【精讲研法】——课堂讲解突破核心考点　‎ 考点一 细节判断题 ‎【例1】A【浙江省学考考试2018年11月英语试题】‎ The most welcome sight on a cold, wet winter night in London is the familiar shape of a London taxi cab approaching with its yellow “for hire” sign shining brightly. That shows it is ready to pick you up. Travelling by taxi in London is not just a way of going from one place to another. It is an experience to be enjoyed and remembered.‎ The main reason for this is the drivers, who are called "cabbies." Many of them are true Cockneys. This means they were born in the heart of London and speak their own special dialect(方言) of English. All of them know every street and famous building in the city, and all of them love to talk. A simple twenty-minute Journey across town can become very interesting. You may have a discussion about the government and its leaders or a friendly talk about the driver’s Aunty Nellie! One thing is for sure, it will never be boring. Cabbies know all the latest news ‎ about film stars, the Royal Family, government leaders, and popular singers or actors and actresses.‎ They also know the best places to eat, shop and relax. And they can take you straight to any large hotel, department store, theatre or museum. They know the shortest way possible without even looking at a map, because everyone who wants to become a taxi driver must pass a very difficult examination in order to get a license to drive a taxi. The exam is called “The Knowledge.” It is a written test, and in it drivers are asked the shortest way from one place to another. They must take into account the time of day—in rush hour, a longer route(路线) may be quicker—and describe the best way. Moreover they must never forget the one-way streets!‎ ‎21. From what can we tell that someone is a Cockney?‎ A. Their interest. B. Their manners. C. Their speech. D. Their appearance.‎ ‎22. What does the author suggest by mentioning "Aunty Nellie" in paragraph 2?‎ A. Passengers are full of curiosity.‎ B. Cabbies’ topics are wide-ranging.‎ C. Aunty Nellie is popular in London.‎ D. Londoners are friendly to each other.‎ ‎23. What is the purpose of "The Knowledge"?‎ A. To qualify one to drive a taxi. B. To assess one’s driving skills.‎ C. To test drivers’ ability to write. D. To check taxi drivers memory.‎ ‎【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A ‎【21题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段Many of them are true Cockneys. This means they were born in the heart of London and speak their own special dialect(方言) of English. All of them know every street and famous building in the city, and all of them love to talk.可知，真正的Cockneys出生在伦敦，说伦敦特殊的方言，对伦敦地理熟悉且喜欢交谈。所以通过一个人的说话就能判断是不是Cockney。故选C。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中A simple twenty-minute Journey across town can become very interesting. You may have a discussion about the government and its leaders or a friendly talk about the driver’s Aunty Nellie!‎ 可知，伦敦出租车司机能够让乘客旅途很有趣，可能会谈论政府和领导，也可能会谈论司机的家人。作者提到"Aunty Nellie"是为了说明出租车司机的话题很广泛，他们很健谈。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。‎ 本文推理判断题的考法：‎ ‎1. 推测文章的观点或结论。小题1考查判断一个人是Cockneys的标准，根据第二段Many of them are true Cockneys. This means they were born in the heart of London and speak their own special dialect(方言) of English. All of them know every street and famous building in the city, and all of them love to talk.可知，真正的Cockneys出生在伦敦，说伦敦特殊的方言，对伦敦地理熟悉且喜欢交谈。所以通过一个人的说话就能判断是不是Cockney。‎ ‎2. 推测作者写作目的或意图。小题2考查作者提到"Aunty Nellie"的目的，根据第二段中A simple twenty-minute Journey across town can become very interesting. You may have a discussion about the government and its leaders or a friendly talk about the driver’s Aunty Nellie!可知，伦敦出租车司机能够让乘客旅途很有趣，可能会谈论政府和领导，也可能会谈论司机的家人。作者提到"Aunty Nellie"是为了说明出租车司机的话题很广泛，他们很健谈。‎ 规律方法1： 如何解决细节判断题？‎ 细节判断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。此类题目的题干一般包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，assume(假定，设想)和conclude(推断，做出结论)。‎ ‎【变式精练】‎ ‎(C) 【上海市崇明区2019届高三第一次模拟】‎ A portrait created by artificial intelligence, or AI, made a historic appearance on the auction (拍卖) block at Christie’s in New York City this week. It is the first artwork created by an algorithm (算法) to be offered for auction in the world of fine art.‎ The odd-looking painting of a fictitious man in a dark coat left the auction block at Christie’s for $432,500 on Oct. 25 in New York City.‎ The portrait—designed in the “Old Master” style of European fine artists from centuries ago—appears to represent a man with a vague face, dressed in clothing similar to that worn by people painted by the Dutch artist Rembrandt van Rijn in the 17th century.‎ Of course, a computer didn’t automatically pick up a brush and become an artist. The AI that created the image had human programmers—a Parisian art collective called Obvious, Christie’s reported. Their cooperation, titled “Portrait of Edmond De Belamy,” is part of a series of paintings of the fictional Belamy family and was expected to fetch $7,000 to $10,000, according to Christie’s.‎ To create the portrait, the Obvious team first fed the network a diet of 15,000 images painted between the 14th and 20th centuries, to train it to recognize visual elements in fine art, Obvious artist Hugo Caselles-Dupré told Christie’s. The algorithm that eventually created an original image had two parts that worked against each other, called the Generator (that makes the art) and a Discriminator (that tries to spot the difference between human-created and AI-created images), Caselles-Dupré explained; they called this AI “generative adversarial network” (GAN), Caselles-Dupré explained.‎ GAN’s final image was then printed and framed, according to Obvious. At the bottom of the portrait is a mathematical formula (公式) representing the algorithm that created it, a nod to the relationship between the Generator and the Discriminator, Obvious artists wrote on the collective’s website.‎ The goal of the painting and of Obvious, also co-founded by Hugo Caselles-Dupré and Gauthier Vernier, was to prove “artificial intelligence can do more than operate driverless cars or transform manufacturing—it can be creative,” Consumer News and Business Channel reported.‎ Portraiture is a tough task for AI to take on, according to Christie’s, “since humans are highly accustomed to the curves and complexities of a face in a way that a machine cannot be.” This difficulty was part of Obvious’ thinking when they created the portrait.‎ ‎“Edmond de Belamy” is one of eleven AI paintings made by Obvious.‎ ‎63. It can be learned from the passage that the portrait “Edmond de Belamy” _____.‎ A. was sold at an unexpectedly high price B. was the first artwork sold at an auction C. is a painting created by means of brush D. is a man who once appeared at the auction ‎64. To create a portrait, AI needs to _____.‎ A. learn from plenty of images B. use an algorithm with many parts C. work against human painters D. recognize its human programmers ‎65. What can be concluded from the passage?‎ A. The mathematical formula at the bottom of the portrait is meaningless.‎ B. The portrait was made to prove algorithms are able to imitate creativity.‎ C. It is more difficult for AI to operate driverless cars than to paint a portrait.‎ D. AI is better at painting the curves and complexities of a face than a human.‎ ‎66. The passage mainly tells us that _____.‎ A. AI will soon replace man in some fields B. an AI-created portrait sells high at an auction C. a proper algorithm is the key for AI to create art D. AI-created paintings are better received at auctions ‎【答案】63. A 64. A 65. B 66. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是AI创作的肖像画在拍卖会上卖得很好。‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中The odd-looking painting of a fictitious man in a dark coat left the auction block at Christie’s for $432,500 on Oct. 25 in New York City.和第四段中---titled “Portrait of Edmond De Belamy,” is part of a series of paintings of the fictional Belamy family and was expected to fetch $7,000 to $10,000, according to Christie’s.可知，从这篇文章中我们可以得知，这幅名为“爱德蒙·德·贝拉米”的肖像画的售价出人意料地高。故选A。‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第五段中The algorithm that eventually created an original image had two parts that worked against each other, called the Generator (that makes the art) and a Discriminator和倒数第三段 prove “artificial intelligence can do more than operate driverless cars or transform manufacturing—it can be creative,可知，这幅画像是为了证明 algorithm 有模仿创造力。故选B。‎ ‎【66题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第一段A portrait created by artificial intelligence, or AI, made a historic appearance on the auction (拍卖) block at Christie’s in New York City this week. It is the first artwork created by an algorithm (算法) to be offered for auction in the world of fine art.可知，这篇文章主要告诉我们AL创作的肖像画在拍卖会上卖得很好。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】在细节考查题中有一类事实细节题 。该题属于细节类型的阅读理解题，一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分两种。第一种是直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。本题第2小题，根据第五段中To create the portrait, the Obvious team first fed the network a diet of 15,000 images painted between the 14th and 20th centuries, to train it to recognize visual elements in fine art, Obvious artist Hugo Caselles-Dupré told Christie’s.可知，要创建一个肖像，AI需要从大量的图像中学习来识别视觉元素，然后进行创作。故选A。‎ 考点二 文章来源题 ‎【例2】（2018﹒新课标全国卷Ⅱ，B）‎ Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.‎ Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares?‎ ‎ However, they are rich in vitamin C.‎ When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.‎ If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.‎ ‎27. From which is the text probably taken?‎ ‎ A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine.‎ ‎ C. A research paper. D. A travel brochure.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。文中讲述了人们热爱水果丰盛的7月，这时候各种水果营养丰富且含有对人体有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我们可以利用它做一些孩子喜欢的甜点或冰淇淋。‎ 规律方法2：如何解决文章来源题?‎ 做此类题目要求读者具备一定的常识，这样文章的内容才能与读者本身已具备的常识结合起来。做此类题目应从文章的内容和结构来判断其出处。如果来源于报纸，前面一般会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；如果是广告，其格式很容易辨认；产品说明和药品说明也很容易辨认。‎ ‎【变式精练】‎ D【陕西省渭南中学2019届高三上学期第五次质量检测】‎ Wild animals are known to listen to each other for warnings that predators are near. Some birds, for example, flee when neighbors make a loud noise to announce a snake's presence.‎ The fairy wren is a small Australian songbird. It is not born knowing the "languages" of other birds. But recent research says it can learn the meaning of a few important sounds.‎ Andrew Radford is a biologist at the University of Bristol in England and co-writer of the new report published in early August in the journal Current Biology. He told the Associated Press, "We knew before that some ‎ animals can translate the meanings of other species' ‘foreign languages,' but we did not know how that ‘language learning' came about."‎ Birds have several ways of learning life skills. Some knowledge is genetically passed down by their parents and some comes from direct experience with the world. But Radford and other scientists are exploring a third kind of knowledge: information from fellows.‎ Radford and researchers at the Australian National University carried out the study in the country's National Botanic Gardens in Canberra.They attached to their bodies specially-designed, sound-producing equipment called "tweeter speakers." They wanted to see if fairy wrens would react to sounds of other birds even if they could not see them.‎ The scientists first played the birds two recorded sounds that they likely had never heard before. One was a warning cry of a thornbill, a bird not native to Australia. The other was a computer-generated bird sound called "buzz."‎ When the 16 fairy wrens in the study first heard the sounds, they had no special reaction. The scientists then tried to train half of the birds to recognize the thornbill's cry as a warning sound. They tried to train the other half to recognize the computer-generated "buzz" as a warning call.‎ After three days, the scientists tested what the birds had learned — and their students passed the test. The fairy wrens trained with the thornbill's cry, fled when they heard it. The group trained with the buzz, fled when they heard that sound. Neither group reacted to the sound taught to the other.‎ ‎12. What does the underlined word “predators” in the first paragraph mean?‎ A. enemies B. neighbors C. birds D. snakes ‎13. Which is the right order of the experiment?‎ a. The fairy wrens were divided into two parts.‎ b. The fairy wrens made no reaction to the strange sounds.‎ c. The fairy wrens wore sound-providing equipment.‎ d. The fairy wrens were trained separately.‎ e. The fairy wrens passed the test successfully.‎ A. a b c d e B. c b a d e C. c e b a d D. a c e d b ‎14. It can be learned from the study that the fairy wrens _______.‎ A. were not good “foreign language” learners B. made no reaction to the sounds all the time C. took both of the sounds as warnings D. fled when hearing the sound trained with ‎15. The passage is probably taken from________.‎ A. A biology textbook B. A science magazine C. A science fiction D. A wildlife brochure ‎【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要讲述科学家通过研究发现，鸟类可以通过倾听来学习彼此间的“语言”。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章雷德福和澳大利亚国立大学的研究人员进行的研究可知，他们先给鹪鹩戴上能发出声音的设备，鹪鹩第一次听到这种声音时，它们并没有什么特别的反应，然后将鹪鹩分为两部分分开训练，三天之后，这些鸟儿也通过了测试。故选B。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段The fairy wrens trained with the thornbill's cry, fled when they heard it.可知，经受桑比尔的叫声训练的鹪鹩，在听到桑比尔的叫声后，立即四散奔逃。故选D。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 推理判断题。本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要讲述科学家通过研究发现，鸟类可以通过倾听来学习彼此间的“语言”，从而可以推断出文章可能选自科学杂志。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】阅读理解通常都 会出现词义猜测题，要求考生从上下文理解中概括出生词或短语的词义。考生作此类题型时，首先要找到所猜测词所在文章的位置，然后在理解文章大意的基础之上，对此词前后句反复研读，最后根据前后句猜测出词义。例如小题3要求猜测出predators的含义，就是根据前句中的关键词warnings和后句Some birds, for example, flee when neighbors make a loud noise to announce a snake's presence.的举例。从而推测出predators为“敌人”之意。‎ 考点三 读者对象题 ‎【例3】A MENTORING(导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth.‎ Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.‎ Alex Goldberg，the program’s founder，said：“We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.”‎ ‎“We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make a difference to our youth.For example，we’ve secured internships(实习) with worldfamous firms such as Honda.”‎ ‎“At a time of funding cutbacks where schools are finding it more and more difficult to offer this kind of mentoring，it is extremely important that these opportunities are available both to help youth with their school work and grades and to give them opportunities which may help shape their futures.” Kieran Hepburn,14，is one of a group of Banbury youth who has benefited from the program so far.In October the Banbury School pupil was accompanied by Young Inspirations staff to Paris where he was an observer at the United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) International Youth Forum(论坛)．‎ The event was held for young people from around the world，to seek their views on how the future of youth and education should look.Kieran joined several hundred observers mostly in their 20s and was the only UK school pupil to attend the event.Kieran thinks the trip was a life changing experience.“Before we left I didn’t quite know what to make of it but when we got there we didn’t stop，it was amazing，” he said，“We went to three or four hours of debates each day and then did something cultural each afternoon.”‎ The main theme of the forum was how youth can drive change in political and public life.It dealt with issues(问题) such as drug abuse，violence and unemployment.‎ Kieran said：“It has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills as well as my school grades and I was voted most improved pupil at school in August.”‎ The Young Inspirations mentoring sessions take place each Friday in Banbury.For details visit www.younginspirations.com. (2013·福建，E)‎ ‎71．The Young Inspirations mentoring program aims to ________.‎ A．train staff for worldfamous firms B．offer job opportunities to young adults C．provide youth with unique experiences D．equip the unemployed with different skills ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】细节理解题。由第三段中的“‘We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people ‎ experiences...’”可知目的是给青年提供独特的经验。‎ 规律方法3：如何解决读者对象题？‎ 做此类题目通常从文章内容入手，明确所谈话题及具体内容，体会作者使用的语言适合于哪一群体，这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座，从而得出正确判断。‎ ‎【变式精练】 ‎ ‎(B) 【上海市崇明区2019届高三第一次模拟】‎ How to get your tax refund At the store Get a Global Blue Tax Free Form. If you do not have a SHOP TAX FREE Card, see “How to fill in your Tax Free Forms”.‎ Make sure your Tax Free Form is filled in before arriving at the point of departure.‎ Remember no refund without:‎ Completed Form Receipts attached Customs validation (验证)‎ At the point of departure For non-EU residents only Goods carried in checked-in luggage:‎ ‎1. Check your luggage in at the check-in counter; tell the check-in clerk you need it back for Customs purposes.‎ ‎2. Take the labelled luggage to Customs, show the goods, and have your Tax Free Forms stamped.‎ ‎3. Cash in your stamped Form at the appropriate refund service provider.‎ Goods carried in hand luggage:‎ ‎1. Go to Customs after passport control, show the goods, and have your Tax Free Forms stamped. Please note: Customs clearance of goods in hand luggage can only take place at the last EU airport before you finally leave the EU.‎ ‎2. Cash in your stamped Form at the appropriate bank counter or post it to the appropriate refund service provider.‎ Allow time for the refund process. Go to Customs before or after check-in, see Refund Office list. Present your completed Tax Free Forms, receipts, passport, and purchased items to get a stamp.‎ Go to a Refund Office displaying the Global Blue logo (标识). Receive your refund paid to your credit card within five days or in cash.‎ In a rush? Mail your stamped and completed Tax Free Forms and receipts back to us in the envelope provided and get your refund paid to your credit card within three weeks.‎ ‎* EU: European Union ‎60. Whom is the above information intended for?‎ A. EU residents who want to get their tax refunded.‎ B. Non-EU residents who are going to travel in EU.‎ C. EU residents who have Global Blue Tax Free Forms.‎ D. Non-EU residents who are leaving EU after purchases.‎ ‎61. To get your tax refund, you need to _____ after having your luggage checked in if you’ve put your purchased goods in your check-in luggage.‎ A. show your purchased goods to the check-in clerk B. cash in your stamped Form at the check-in counter C. take back your luggage to the Customs to get a stamp D. go to the Customs to fill in a form without the luggage ‎62. What can be learned from the passage?‎ A. It’s a must to attach the receipts to the form to get your tax refund.‎ B. It’s unnecessary to show your passport to the Customs for a stamp.‎ C. You can get your refund in cash after posting your form if in a hurry.‎ D. You can get your refund by credit card at once at the appropriate counter.‎ ‎【答案】60. D 61. C 62. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是如何办理退税。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文中For non-EU residents only和Customs clearance of goods in hand luggage can only take place at the last EU airport before you finally leave the EU.可知，以上资料是提供给“购买后即将离开欧盟的非欧盟居民。”故选D。‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Go to Customs before or after check-in，see Refund Office list. Present your completed Tax Free Forms，receipts，passport，and purchased items to get a stamp.可知，如果您已将购买的物品放入托运行李中，您需要在办理行李托运手续后将行李带回海关盖章，以便退税。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】做推理判断题时，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第3小题，根据最后一段中In a rush? Mail your stamped and completed Tax Free Forms and receipts back to us in the envelope provided and get your refund paid to your credit card within three weeks.可知，你必须把收据附在表格上才能退税。故选A。‎ 考点四 观点态度题 ‎【例4】C【河北衡水中学2019届高三上学期期中】‎ Next month, I’m traveling to a remote area of Central Africa and my aim is to know enough Lingala — one of the local languages — to have a conversation. I wasn’t sure how I was going to manage this — until I discovered a way to learn all the vocabulary I’m going to need. Thanks to Memrise, the app I’m using. It feels just like a game.‎ ‎“People often stop learning things because they feel they’re not making progress or because it all feels like too much hard work,” says Ed Cooke, one of the people who created Memrise. “We’re trying to create a form of learning experience that is fun and is something you’d want to do instead of watching TV.”‎ Memrise gives you a few new words to learn and these are “seeds” which you plant in your “greenhouse”. When you practice the words, you “water your plants”. When the app believes that you have really remembered a word, it moves the word to your “garden”. And if you forget to log on (登录)，the app sends you emails that remind you to “water your plants”.‎ The app uses two principles about learning. The first is that people remember things better when they link them to a picture in their mind. Memrise translates words into your own language, but it also encourages you to use “mems”. For example, I memorized motele, the Lingala word for “engine”, using a mem I created — I imagined an old engine in a motel (汽车旅馆) room.‎ The second principle is that we need to stop after studying words and then repeat them again later, leaving time between study sessions. Memrise helps you with this, because it’s the kind of app you only use for five or ten minutes a day.‎ I’ve learnt hundreds of Lingala words with Memrise. I know this won’t make me a fluent speaker, but I hope I’ll be able to do more than just smile when I meet people in Congo. Now, I need to go and water my Vocabulary!‎ ‎9. What does Ed Cooke make an effort to do with Memrise?‎ A. Create memorable experiences.‎ B. Make progress with hard work.‎ C. Master languages through games.‎ D. Combine study with entertainment.‎ ‎10. What do the underlined words “water your plants” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A. Learning new words.‎ B. Being a Memrise user.‎ C. Logging on to the app.‎ D. Taking care of your garden.‎ ‎11. How does Memrise work?‎ A. By linking different mems together.‎ B. By putting knowledge into practice.‎ C. By offering human translation services.‎ D. By applying an associative memory approach.‎ ‎12. What is the author’s attitude towards Memrise?‎ A. Positive. B. Doubtful.‎ C. Uncaring. D. Disapproving.‎ ‎【答案】9. D 10. A 11. D 12. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文为应用说明文。作者介绍了一种学习应用程序Memrise，这是一种寓教于乐的学习单词的方法，主要运用联想记忆，通过游戏的方式来完成的。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 猜测词意题。根据第三段的内容可知，MeMeLead给你一些新单词来学习，这些是你在“温室”中种植的“种子”。当你练习单词时，你就是在“浇灌你的植物”。由此可知，练习单词，“就是浇灌你的植物” ，由引可推断出“water your plants”即在学习新单词，故选A。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第五段的The app uses two principles about learning. The first is that people remember things better when they link them to a picture in their mind…For example, I memorized motele, the Lingala word for “engine”, using a mem I created — I imagined an old engine in a motel (汽车旅馆) room.. 句意“应用程序使用两个关于学习的原则。首先，运用联想记忆，他们会记得更好…例如，我记住了motele，Lingala的“引擎”一词，使用我创建的一个mem——我想象着汽车旅馆（汽车旅馆）房间里的一个旧引擎 ”。由此可知Memrise是通过运用联想记忆的方法来进行学习的。分析选项可知D项符合题意。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者叙述了自己运用Memrise应用程序学习好几百的林加拉语的经历，希望自己与当地人相遇时可以用当地语言来交流。现在要去用Memrise来学习单词。由此可推断出作者认为这个程序对自己有益，所以对此抱积极的态度。分析选项可知A正确。‎ 规律方法4：如何解决观点态度题？‎ 做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如possible, impossible, seem, strange等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。‎ 褒义词有：supportive(支持的)；positive(积极的)；optimistic(乐观的)；enthusiastic(热情的)等。‎ 贬义词有：negative(否定的，消极的)；ironic(讽刺的)；critical(批评的)；disgusted(厌恶的)；disappointed(‎ 失望的)等。‎ 中性词有：indifferent(漠不关心的)；uninterested(不感兴趣的)；objective(客观的)；neutral(中立的)等。‎ ‎【变式精练】 ‎ C【安徽省黄山市普通高中2019届高三11月“八校联考”】‎ Imagine, one day, getting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours, and then, after a full day of work, going back home to Beijing and having dinner there．‎ Sounds unusual, doesn't it? But it's not that unrealistic, with the development of China’s high-speed railway system. And that’s not all. China has an even greater high-speed railway plan to connect the country with Southeast Asia, and eventually Eastern Europe．‎ China is negotiating to extend its own high-speed railway network to up to 17 countries in 10 to 15 years, eventually reaching London and Singapore．‎ China has proposed three such projects. The first would possibly connect Kunming with Singapore via Vietnam and Malaysia．Another could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan，and possibly to Germany．The third would start in the northeast and go north through Russia and then into Western Europe．‎ If China’s plan for the high-speed railway goes forward，people could zip over from London to Beijing in under two days．‎ The new system would still follow China’s high-speed railway standard. And the trains would be able to go 346 kilometers an hour, almost as fast as some airplanes．‎ China’s high-speed train, the one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou, already has the World’s fastest average speed. It covers 1,069 kilometers in about three hours．‎ Of course，there are some technical challenges to overcome．There are so many issues that need to be settled, such as safety, rail gauge(轨距), maintenance of railway tracks. So，it’s important to pay attention to every detail．‎ But the key issue is really money. China is already spending hundreds of billions of Yuan on domestic railway expansion．‎ China prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital investment. Resources from those countries could stream into China to sustain development．‎ It’ll be a win-win project. For other countries, the railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business，tourism and so on，not to mention the better communication among those countries．‎ For China，such a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much-needed resources, but would also help develop China’s far west．We foresee that in the coming decades, millions of people will migrate to the western regions，where the land is empty and resources unused. With high-speed trains，people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for all. And they’ll trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries．‎ ‎9. China’s new high-speed railway plan will be a win-win project because_____．‎ A. China will get much-needed resources and develop its western regions B. China and the countries involved will benefit from the project in various ways C. China will develop its railway system and communication with other countries D. the foreign countries involved will develop their railway transportation，business and tourism ‎10. According to the passage，the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is  ．‎ A. technical issues B. safety of the system C. financial problems D. maintenance of railway tracks ‎11. Which of the following words best describes the author’s attitude towards China’s high-speed railway plan?‎ A. Critical B. Reserved C. Doubtful D. Positive ‎12. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?‎ A. New Railway Standards B. Big Railway Dreams C. High-speed Bullet Trains D. International Railway Network ‎【答案】9. B 10. C 11. D 12. B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ C 细节题。根据文章倒数第四段But the key issue is really money．China is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansion．说明最大的问题是钱，故C正确。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ D 推理题。根据文章最后三行We foresee that in the coming decades，millions of people will migrate to the western regions，where the land is empty and resources unused．With high-speed trains，people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for a11．And they’11 trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries．说明作者认为高铁将会给中国带来很多的好处，他对高铁的前景是很乐观的，故D正确。‎ 考点：考查新闻类短文阅读 点评：文章讲述的是中国正在大力发展的高铁网络，以及高铁对中国以及相关国家带来的好处。以细节题的考查为主，在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。‎ 考点五 预测推断题 ‎【例5】Your glasses may someday replace your smartphone，and some New Yorkers are ready for the switch. Some in the city can’t wait to try them on and use the maps and GPS that the futuristic eyewear is likely to include.‎ ‎“I’d use it if I were hanging out with friends at 3 a．m. and going to the bar and wanted to see what was open，” said Walter Choo,40，of Fort Greene.‎ The smartphonelike glasses will likely come out this year and cost between $250 and $600，the Times said，possibly including a variation of augmented(增强的) reality，a technology already available on smartphones and tablets(平板电脑) that overlays information onto the screen about one’s surroundings. So， for example， if you were walking down a street，indicators would pop_up showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you.‎ ‎“As far as a mainstream consumer product，this just isn’t something anybody needs，” said Sam Biddle，who writes for Gizmodo.com. “We’re accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things，” he added，“and the average consumer isn’t gonna be able to afford another device(装置) that’s hundreds and hundreds of dollars.”‎ ‎9to5Google publisher Seth Weintraub，who has been reporting on the smartphonelike glasses since late last year，said he is confident that this type of wearable device will eventually be as common as smartphones.‎ ‎“It’s just like smartphones 10 years ago，” Weintraub said. “A few people started getting emails on their phones，and people thought that was crazy. Same kind of thing. We see people bending their heads to look at their smartphones，and it’s unnatural，” he said. “There’s gonna be improvements to that，and this a step ‎ there.” (2013·福建，B)‎ ‎63．We can learn from the last two paragraphs that the smartphonelike glasses ________.‎ A．may have a potential market B．are as common as smartphones C．are popular among young adults D．will be improved by a new technology ‎【答案】A 规律方法5：如何解决预测推断题？‎ 有些题目要求根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做此类题目时，务必把握作者的写作思路，如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测判断。特别要注意文章最后一段的内容及最后几句话。‎ ‎【变式精练】 ‎ ‎(A)【上海市长宁区2019届高三上学期期末教学质量检测】‎ What to endure before publication?‎ It takes a lot to write a novel. Even those who haven’t tried would say, “Well, duh!” to this. But it’s not much the mind space or the considerable time it takes to write a novel that is as discouraging as how many times any writer must go back to the drawing board for yet another draft. To really ready a novel for publication, a writer must spend time with his or her book. Like any promising relationship, you, the writer , must date your novel, take it out to dinner, meet its parents, and see it through its most trying and desperate times. As a writer, you have to stay up all night with your novel crying and talking and sometimes even pulling your hair out before that perfect moment of inspiration can truly help you cross the finish line.‎ For many published authors I know, myself included, a completed novel takes them about 10, that’s right, 10 drafts, and at least a year of real editing. Will you be spending every single second editing your novel? No, of course not. Just as drafts need some real time on the surgery table, they also need rest in the recovery room. You don’t nurse a relationship by spending every waking second with them until you can’t stand the sight of each other, and you can’t produce a novel by breathing down its literary neck. However, a novel should undergo many drafts---and different kinds of drafts—before declaring it ready for an agent or editor to see.‎ Everyone has their own way to write a novel, and not all craft advice (or even craft “rules”) should all be followed by everyone, but when it comes to the many drafts of a novel, there are specific things a writer should focus on during each revision to help create a smooth transition from the initial idea to final products.‎ ‎56. People are discouraged from writing a novel mainly because it requires _____.‎ A. a good publisher B. too much thinking C. tons of working time D. frequent revisions ‎57. What do writers do in the course of creating a novel?‎ A. They spend every minute with the novel. B. They treat the novel as a lover.‎ C. They go out with some readers for dinner. D. They hurt themselves to stay awake.‎ ‎58. By “breathing down its literary neck” in Paragraph 2, the author most probably means _____.‎ A. writing casually thus failing to take readers’ breath away B. letting go a single mistake thus annoying the readers C. X-raying the work thus finding each literary mistake D. sticking too close to the work thus causing anxiety ‎59. Which of the following is most likely to come after the last paragraph?‎ A. The importance of using proper transitional words in writing.‎ B. The writing experience shared by famous successful write.‎ C. Tips on how to make ten drafts to complete a good novel.‎ D. Setbacks writers may suffer if ignoring the craft advice.‎ ‎【答案】56. D 57. B 58. D 59. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文为说明文。写小说要花很多时间，一部小说在出版前，需要进行不断的修改再修改。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段中的Like any promising relationship, you, the writer , must date your novel, take it out ‎ to dinner, meet its parents, and see it through its most trying and desperate times.（就像任何一段有前途的恋情一样，作为作家，你必须和你的小说约会，带它出去吃晚饭，见它的父母，经历它最艰难和绝望的时刻。）可知，作家在创作小说的过程中会把自己的小说当作情人一样对待。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的there are specific things a writer should focus on during each revision to help create a smooth transition from the initial idea to final products.（在每次修改的过程中，作者都应该关注一些具体的事情，以帮助创建从最初想法到最终产品的平稳过渡。）可推知，接下来极可能会谈论一些关于如何通过打草稿来完成一部好小说的建议。故C选项正确。‎ 考点六 推断目的意图题 例（2018·北京卷·C）‎ Plastic-Eating Worms Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. ‎ Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.‎ Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or ‎ system to break this bond. ＂‎ Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?‎ Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.＂‎ ‎43. What can we learn about the worms in the study?‎ A. They take plastics as their everyday food.‎ B. They are newly evolved creatures.‎ C. They can consume plastics.‎ D. They wind up in landfills.‎ ‎44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .‎ A. identify other means of the breakdown B. find out the source of the enzyme C. confirm the research findings D. increase the breakdown speed ‎45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .‎ A. help to raise worms B. help make plastic bags C. be used to clean the oceans D. be produced in factories in future ‎46. What is the main purpose of the passage?‎ A. To explain a study method on worms.‎ B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.‎ C. To present a way to break down plastics.‎ D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.‎ ‎【文章大意】 ‎ 本文是一篇科普知识类文章。从环保理念出发，文章围绕一种可以降解塑料的虫子大蜡螟展开，描述了研究进展及虫子能降解塑料的原理，即使用其胃中的酶降解塑料，为塑料污染问题提供了新的思路。‎ ‎44. B　【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes (肠道微生物)？”可知，下一步是探究酶的来源。故选C。‎ ‎45. D　【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process-not simply" millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic”可知研究者希望那些化学物品可以批量生产，而不是将许多虫子直接扔在垃圾堆里。故选D。‎ ‎46. C　【解析】写作意图题。全文都在围绕可以降解垃圾的虫子展开，文章的目的就是向读者呈现这种独特的降解塑料的方式。故选A。‎ 规律方法6：如何解决目的意图题？‎ 常见的设问方式：‎ ‎ What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?‎ ‎ The purpose of the text is to get more people to _______.‎ ‎ The writer of the story wants to tell us that________.‎ ‎ The fact…is mentioned by the author to show________.‎ ‎ The author writers the last paragraph in order to ________.‎ ‎ 写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。‎ ‎ 一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。‎ ‎【变式精练】‎ ‎(B)【上海市黄浦区2019届高三上学期期末调研】‎ Hot Air Balloons A hot air balloon is made up of 3 main parts:‎ The Envelope The actual fabric balloon which holds the air.‎ The Burner The unit which pushes the heat up into the envelope The Basket Where the passengers and pilot stand The basis of how the balloon works is that warmer air rises in cooler air. This is because hot air is lighter than cool air as it has less mass per unit of volume. Mass can be defined by the measure of how much matter something contains. The actual balloon has to be large as it takes a large amount of heated air to lift it off the ground.‎ The burner uses propane gas to heat up the air in the envelope to move the balloon off the ground and into the air. The pilot must keep firing the burner at regular intervals throughout the flight to ensure that the balloon continues to the stable. Naturally, the hot air will not escape from the hot at the very bottom of the envelop as firstly, hot air rises and secondly, the floating power keeps it moving up.‎ To move the balloon upwards, the pilot opens up the propane value which lets the propane flow to the burner which in turn frees the flame up into the envelope. It works in much the same way as a gas grill: the more you open the valve, the bigger the flame to beat the air and the faster the balloon rises.‎ The “Parachute Valve” at the very top of the balloon is what is used to bring the balloon down towards the ground. It is a circle of fabric cut out of the top of the envelop which is controlled by a rope which runs down through the middle of the envelope to the basket. If the pilot wants to bring the balloon down, he or she simply pulls on the rope which will open the valve, letting hot air escape, decreasing the inner air temperature. This cooling of air causes the balloon to slow its rise.‎ The pilot can operate horizontally by changing the vertical position of the balloon because the wind blows in different directions at different altitudes. If the pilot wants to move in a particular direction, he or she simply arises and falls to the appropriate level and rides with the wind.‎ ‎60. The purpose of this article is to __________.‎ A. explain how hot air balloons work.‎ B. illustrate why hot air balloons are useful.‎ C. describe hot air balloons’ structure.‎ D. inform readers about how hot air balloons are made.‎ ‎61. What would happen if the “Parachute Valve” could not be released after it was opened?‎ A. The inside of the balloon would continue to heat up.‎ B. The balloon would climb up more rapidly.‎ C. The self-sealing valve would need to take over the role of the Parachute Valve.‎ D. The balloon would begin to move down more rapidly.‎ ‎62. Which of the following skills or knowledge would be the most useful to a balloon pilot?‎ A. The ability to sew the panels of fabric together to make a balloon.‎ B. An understanding of how propane gas is manufactured.‎ C. A knowledge of the background of passengers who are travelling in the balloon.‎ D. A knowledge of air currents and wind directions in the area where he is piloting the balloon.‎ ‎【答案】60. A 61. D 62. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文，介绍了热气球的构造以及其工作原理。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第一段“The basis of how the balloon works is that warmer air rises in cooler air.第二段The burner uses propane gas to heat up the air in the envelope to move the balloon off the ground and into the ‎ air.第三段To move the balloon upwards, the pilot opens up the propane value which lets the propane flow to the burner which in turn frees the flame up into the envelope第四段The “Parachute Valve” at the very top of the balloon is what is used to bring the balloon down towards the ground第五段The pilot can operate horizontally by changing the vertical position of the balloon because the wind blows in different directions at different altitudes.”可知，每一段都在介绍热气球的是怎么工作的，所以短文的目的就是在介绍热气球是怎么工作的。故A选项正确。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由最后一段“The pilot can operate horizontally by changing the vertical position of the balloon because the wind blows in different directions at different altitudes. If the pilot wants to move in a particular direction, he or she simply arises and falls to the appropriate level and rides with the wind.”可知，飞行员可以通过改变气球的垂直位置来水平操作，因为风在不同的高度向不同的方向吹。如果飞行员想朝某一特定方向移动，他或她只需站起来，下降到合适的高度，顺风行驶。所以判断掌握气流和风向的知识对气球驾驶员最有用。故D选项正确。‎