2021高考英语一轮复习Uhestars课时作业 人教版必修3 9页

Unit 4　Astronomy：the science of the stars Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎[2020·济南市高三学习质量针对性检测]Children in rural areas of Cambodia often suffer from or even die of preventable illnesses because there is not any soap available.‎ In 2014, Samir Lakhani, an American college student, saw the issue while volunteering in a Cambodian village. “I remember quite vividly a mother bathing her newborn baby with laundry powder, which is so harmful to the skin，” said Lakhani.“It's difficult for rural Cambodians to access soap. First is affordability. If you earn only $1.50 every day, you won't spend $1 on a bar of soap. Then comes access. The demand is so low that local shops don't stock soap. The last reason, because many Cambodians don't really understand where diseases come from, they don't know how to prevent them, including using soap.”‎ After figuring out a solution to the problem: the barely used soap in hotels, Lakhani started asking hotels to donate leftover soap.“They were all eager to help，” he explained.‎ Lakhani registered Eco－Soap Bank shortly afterwards. Soon, he received enough funds to hire disadvantaged Cambodian women to collect and reproduce the used soap.‎ ‎ Today, the organization has four recycling centers across the country, providing jobs to 35 local women. And so far, some 174,000 bars of soap have been donated, about 24,000 pounds of soap has been recycled, and hygiene(卫生) has been improved for about 661,000 people.“We are killing_three_birds with one stone，” Lakhani said.‎ When it comes to the future of Eco－Soap Bank, Lakhani said, “We've just scratched the surface. Lack of hygiene is not something unique to Cambodia. The demand for improved hygiene in the developing world is huge, and much remains to be done. We're looking at seven countries to expand to in the near future.”‎ ‎1．Which of the following is not mentioned as the reason why rural Cambodians don't use soap?‎ A．Poverty. B．Inaccessibility.‎ C．Unawareness. D．Tradition.‎ ‎2．What does the underlined part “killing three birds” in Paragraph 5 refer to?‎ - 9 -‎ A．Saving soap, curing diseases and providing education.‎ B．Stopping pollution, providing jobs and inspiring donation.‎ C．Reducing waste, providing employment and improving health.‎ D．Recycling waste, helping charity and improving community hygiene.‎ ‎3．What can we infer about Eco－Soap Bank?‎ A．It won't be long before it expands to the whole world.‎ B．There's little it can do without other countries' assistance.‎ C．It will make greater contributions to the developing world.‎ D．It will soon settle the problem of poor hygiene in Cambodia.‎ ‎4．What do we know about the text?‎ A．Eco－Soap Bank helps improve hygiene.‎ B．Cambodian women have a bright future.‎ C．A US young man calls for helping poor countries.‎ D．Lack of hygiene remains a serious problem in the world.‎ B ‎[2020·贵阳市高三摸底考试]Many of us think, wrongly, that the moon doesn't change. For example, the Tang dynasty poet Zhang Ruoxu once wrote that “Generations have come and passed away; From year to year the moons look alike, old and new.”‎ However, a new study published in the journal Nature Geoscience shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time. For the study, a group of US scientists examined and analyzed thousands of photographs taken by the NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (月球勘测轨道飞行器照相机). They found that there were lots of faults(断层) on the surface of the moon. These faults were formed by recent movement on the moon.‎ According to NASA, the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core. The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, it released energy and cooled down. Then it began to shrink, in a way comparable to the shrinking of a grape into a raisin. Over the past several hundred million years, it has become 46 meters “skinnier”. But due to its hard and rocky layer, the moon's surface continues to push up.“Some of these quakes can be fairly strong, around five on the Richter scale(里氏震级)，”said Thomas Watters, a senior scientist at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum in the US.‎ But does that mean the moon is a dangerous place that human shouldn't try to explore and live on in the future? Maybe not, reported The Telegraph.“This isn't - 9 -‎ ‎ anything to worry about. The moon may be shrinking, but not by much. It's not going anywhere，” Watters comforted us.‎ The new discovery proves that the idea that the moon is a dead, boring place is wrong.“We have been to the moon and we've done some great science, but there is still a lot we don't know. The moon is shrinking — we didn't really realize that until recently. It's a much more active and interesting place than we thought and we should explore that，” NASA scientist Nathan Williams said.‎ ‎5．Which point of view about the moon may the writer agree to?‎ A．It stays the same as before.‎ B．It is becoming slightly smaller. ‎ C．It is getting older and older.‎ D．It has passed away.‎ ‎6．What can we learn about the moon from the third paragraph?‎ A．It has become 46 meters fatter due to expanding.‎ B．It has changed from a grape into a raisin in recent years. ‎ C．It quakes even at seven on the Richter scale.‎ D．It has a hot core and releases energy during expanding.‎ ‎7．Who thinks that we needn't worry about the moon?‎ A．Zhang Ruoxu. B．Thomas Watters. ‎ C．Nathan Williams. D．The journalist.‎ ‎8．What does Nathan Williams think of the moon?‎ A．It is a dead and boring place.‎ B．It has lots of faults on the surface.‎ C．It is valuable to do more science.‎ D．It isn't a place where we can live.‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎[2020·贵阳市高三适应性考试(一)]A surveillance (监视) video has become a hit on social media. In the video, cars and taxis in a __1__ tunnel(隧道) in Yichang, Hubei Province, are giving __2__ to an ambulance.‎ It was on Monday night. The ambulance was trapped in the traffic jam __3__ after entering the Dongshan Tunnel at 7：46 p．m. But when hearing the __4__ of the ambulance, many cars and taxis ahead __5__ and moved to the sides to make way.‎ The ambulance, carrying a patient in need of a(n) __6__ operation, soon passed through the tunnel by the “life channel” __7__ by the car drivers. __8__ the - 9 -‎ ‎ “life channel”， the patient was sent to the hospital in time and got __9__ treatments. He and his family __10__ their deep appreciation to all those who had made way for the ambulance on the way it had been driven __11__.‎ The ambulance __12__ said that if the car drivers hadn't given way, he couldn't __13__ how long it would have taken him to make it through and how __14__ it would have been for the patient.“I usually see such kind __15__ on TV. But when it happened in front of my eyes, I was greatly __16__，” he said.‎ Chinese netizens also expressed their __17__ for the drivers. One said，“The city is full of the milk of human kindness and __18__ energy.” Another __19__，“Three years ago, a similar situation also happened in the same tunnel. Be __20__ of our city！”‎ ‎1．A.narrow B．crowded ‎ C．long D．wide ‎2．A.petrol B．life ‎ C．way D．light ‎3．A.shortly B．frequently ‎ C．obviously D．swiftly ‎4．A.whistle B．shout ‎ C．scream D．yell ‎5．A.speeded B．accelerated ‎ C．slowed D．stopped ‎6．A.ordinary B．authentic C．general D．emergency ‎7．A.designed B．constructed ‎ C．created D．owned ‎8．A.Thanks to B．Compared with ‎ C．Apart from D．But for ‎9．A.cautious B．entire ‎ C．extreme D．timely ‎10．A.returned B．adopted C．conveyed D．announced ‎11．A.along B．together ‎ C．over D．around ‎12．A.doctor B．chemist ‎ - 9 -‎ C．driver D．guard ‎13．A.imagine B．calculate C．evaluate D．realize ‎14．A.easy B．serious ‎ C．happy D．sorrowful ‎15．A.performance B．movement ‎ C．activity D．behavior ‎16．A.touched B．surprised ‎ C．annoyed D．interested ‎17．A.envy B．encouragement ‎ C．admiration D．mercy ‎18．A.enthusiastic B．negative C．optimistic D．positive ‎19．A.recalled B．repeated ‎ C．replied D．called ‎20．A.aware B．proud ‎ C．fond D．afraid Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎[2020·沈阳市高三教学质量监测]When thousands of lanterns light up the city at night on fifteenth day of the Chinese New Year, I knew the Chinese Lantern Festival has arrived. All kinds of lanterns shine bright against the dark night sky. Some of the lanterns are small, while other are really big. Some even seem to taking on the shapes of dragons. The lanterns made of silk feels smoother than those made of plastics. Families walk happy in the crowding streets, admiring a variety of beautiful lanterns. When most parents are enjoying the colourful lanterns, their child are watching exciting live programs and traditional Chinese lion dance performances. The warmth and happiness of the festival fill with the air, but I love everything about it.‎ - 9 -‎ 课时作业(十四)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 体裁：说明文　题材：社会生活　主题：Eco－Soap Bank ‎【语篇解读】　柬埔寨农村地区的孩子经常遭受甚至死于可预防的疾病，因为没有任何可用的肥皂；美国人Samir Lakhani注意到了这个问题，于是他开始请求旅馆捐赠肥皂并成立了Eco－Soap Bank来解决该地区的肥皂问题。‎ ‎1．D　考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“affordability”、“access”以及“many Cambodians don't really understand where diseases come from，they don't know how to prevent them”可知，贫困、缺少接触途径以及缺乏意识是柬埔寨人很少用肥皂的原因，故选D。‎ ‎2．C　考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“four recycling centers”、“providing jobs”以及“hygiene(卫生) has been improved”可知，“killing three birds”在文章中指的是减少废物、提供就业机会以及改进健康状况，故选C。‎ ‎3．C　考查推理判断。根据第六段的内容尤其是最后一句“We're looking at seven countries to expand to in the near future”可知，Eco－Soap Bank将会把自己的服务扩展到其他七个发展中国家。由此可推知，Eco－Soap Bank将对发展中国家作出更大贡献，故选C。‎ ‎【干扰项分析】　根据第六段中的“The demand for improved hygiene in the developing world is huge, and much remains to be done”可知，该组织主要是改进发展中国家的卫生状况，并没有扩展到全世界，故A项错误；文章没有提到B、D两项所表述的内容。‎ ‎4．A　考查细节理解。通读全文可知，文章讲述了Eco－Soap Bank能为柬埔寨乡村地区的人提供肥皂，从而改善那里的卫生状况，故A项正确。‎ ‎【干扰项分析】　文章第五段只提到了35位当地妇女获得工作，故B项以偏概全；本文主要讲述美国人Samir Lakhani成立了Eco－Soap Bank来帮助解决柬埔寨的肥皂问题，未提到他呼吁帮助一些贫困国家，故C项不符合题意；文章只提到了柬埔寨以及其他发展中国家的卫生问题，故D项不符合题意。‎ B 体裁：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——科学研究——月球正在缓慢收缩 ‎【语篇解读】　月球并非如唐代诗人张若虚在诗中描绘的那样是亘古不变的。一项最新的科学研究表明，月球正在随着时间慢慢地缩小。此外，这项研究还表明月球还有许多我们不了解的东西，它是一个比我们认为的更活跃、更有意思的地方，我们应该探索它。‎ ‎5．B　考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句“However, a new study... shows that the ‎ - 9 -‎ ‎ moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time”可知，一项新的发表在《自然·地球科学》上的研究表明，月球正在随着时间慢慢地缩小，据此可知B项正确。‎ ‎6．D　考查细节理解。根据第三段前三句中的“the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core” “The moon continued to expand as it was born”“But in this process, it released energy”可知，月球由带有一个热核的岩石块组成，当它形成时月球在持续膨胀，在这个过程中它会释放能量，故D项正确。‎ ‎7．B　考查细节理解。根据第四段中Thomas Watters说的话“This isn't anything to worry about... It's not going anywhere”可知，Thomas Watters认为我们不必担心月球，尽管月球在缩小，但它并没有缩小很多，故B项正确。‎ ‎8．C　考查推理判断。根据尾段中Nathan Williams说的话“We have been to the moon and we've done some great science... we should explore that”可知，Nathan Williams认为月球有许多我们不了解的东西，值得我们去探索；据此可推知，他认为研究月球是有价值的，故C项正确。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 体裁：记叙文　题材：社会生活　主题：为救护车让道 ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在晚上堵车的隧道里，司机们主动为救护车让出车道，从而使需要急救的病人得以及时医治的感人故事。‎ ‎1．B　根据下文中的“The ambulance was trapped in the traffic jam __3__ after entering the Dongshan Tunnel at 7：46 p．m.”可知，当时隧道里交通拥挤(crowded)。 ‎ ‎2．C　根据下文中的“But when hearing the __4__ of the ambulance, many cars and taxis ahead __5__ and moved to the sides to make way”可推知，当时隧道里的其他车辆听到救护车的声音就为它让路。give way (to sb./sth.)“让……先行”，故选C。‎ ‎3．A　结合空后的“at 7：46 p．m.”可推知，救护车出行时间正值交通高峰期，因此进入隧道不久(shortly)就遭遇了堵车。‎ ‎4．A　根据空前的“hearing”可推知，当时隧道里的其他车辆听到救护车的汽笛声，纷纷让道。whistle“汽笛声”，故选A。‎ ‎5．C　由上文中的“the traffic jam”可知，当时隧道很拥堵，由此可推知，许多车辆放慢速度并移动到一侧为其让路。‎ ‎6．D　根据语境可推知，救护车上的病人情况紧急，需要做急救手术，故选D。‎ ‎7．C　根据上文中的“But when hearing the __4__ of the ambulance, many cars and taxis ahead __5__ and moved to the sides to make way”可知，这一”救生通道”是由隧道里的汽车司机们创造(created)出来的。‎ ‎8．A　根据语境可知，前后句表示逻辑上的因果关系，前因后果。Thanks to “由于”符合语境，故选A。compare with“与……比较”；apart from“除了……外”；but - 9 -‎ ‎ for“要不是”。‎ ‎9．D　根据上文中的“the patient was sent to the hospital in time”并结合语境可推知，病人被及时送到医院，得到了及时的(timely)治疗。‎ ‎10．C　根据上文内容可知，病人得到了及时的治疗，故此处应是那个病人和他的家人对所有让路的司机表达了(conveyed)深深的感激之情。‎ ‎11．A　根据空前的“on the way it had been driven”可推知，此处表示救护车一路开过去。‎ ‎12．C　结合下文中的“he couldn't __33__ how long it would have taken him to make it through... the patient”可推知，此处指的是救护车司机(driver)所说的话。‎ ‎13．A　根据语境可推知，此处表示他难以想象他本应该花多长时间才能穿过去。‎ ‎14．B　根据语境可知，如果救护车被交通堵塞所耽误，那么车上需要急救的病人的情况将会变得很严重(serious)。‎ ‎15．D　根据上文可知，处于交通堵塞中的司机们为救护车让道是一种善举。behavior“行为”符合语境。‎ ‎16．A　根据前一句中的“kind”并结合语境可推知，救护车司机被人们的这种善举感动(touched)了。‎ ‎17．C　根据空前的“expressed”以及下文中的“the milk of human kindness”可推知，网民们也表达了他们对司机们的敬佩(admiration)。‎ ‎18．D　根据空前的“the milk of human kindness”可推知，此处表示正能量。enthusiastic“热情的”；negative“负面的，消极的”；optimistic“乐观的”；positive“积极的”。‎ ‎19．A　根据空后的“Three years ago”可推知，此处表示另一位网友回忆起(recalled)过去的情况。‎ ‎20．B　根据上文的内容可知，本文是一篇正能量的故事。结合上文中的“a similar situation”可推知，此处表示为我们的城市感到自豪。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 When thousands of lanterns light up the city at night on fifteenth day of the Chinese New Year, I kne the Chinese Lantern Festival has arrived. All kinds of lanterns shine bright against the dark night sky. Some of the lanterns are small, while othe are really big. Some even seem to takin on the shapes of dragons. The lanterns made of silk feel smoother than those made of plastics. ‎ - 9 -‎ Families walk happ in the crowdin streets, admiring a variety of beautiful lanterns. When most parents are enjoying the colourful lanterns, their chil are watching exciting live programs and traditional Chinese lion dance performances. The warmth and happiness of the festival fill the air, bu I love everything about it.‎ ‎①fifteenth前加the。考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处表示“第十五”，需用定冠词the，故在fifteenth前加the。‎ ‎②knew改为know。考查动词的时态。根据时间状语从句中的“light up”和语境可知，此处描述的是一般性的情况，应用一般现在时，故把knew改为know。‎ ‎③other改为others。考查代词。分析句子结构可知，本句是Some...others...的用法，意为“一些……其他……”，故把other改为others。‎ ‎④taking改为take。考查固定用法。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处为seem to do sth.的用法，故把taking改为take。‎ ‎⑤feels改为feel。考查主谓一致。根据主语“The lanterns”可知，此处的谓语动词需用复数形式，故把feels改为feel。‎ ‎⑥happy改为happily。考查副词。修饰动词walk应用副词，故把happy改为happily。‎ ‎⑦crowding改为crowded。考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示“拥挤的街道”，应用crowded，故把crowding改为crowded。‎ ‎⑧child改为children。考查名词的单复数。根据其后的谓语动词“are”可知，此处应用名词复数，故把child改为children。‎ ‎⑨删除fill后的with。考查动词。根据语境可知，此处表示空气中弥漫着“节日的温暖和幸福”，fill在此处为及物动词，故删除fill后的with。‎ ‎⑩but改为and或so。考查连词。根据句意可知，此处前后分句为并列或因果关系，故将but改为and或so。‎ - 9 -‎