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专题14情景交际(专题)
2017年高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破
【2017年高考考纲解读】
情景交际是用来评价学生交际能力的常考内容之一,从近三年的高考试题来看,这一题型的设计涉及日常生活中的各方面,如问候、介绍、告别、感谢、道歉、请求、祝愿、提供帮助等。考查最多的是:①道歉与应答;②建议与应答;③请求允许及应答。
【重点、难点剖析】
情景交际用语指在特定的语境中运用的语言。情景交际用语范围广泛,形式多样,灵活多变,这些情景交际语言的结构无不体现着英语国家的文化、风俗和习惯。
情景交际用语的功能主要包括四十一个项目。
1.问候(Greetings)
①Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.
②Hello/ Hi.
③How are you? Fine, thank you, and you?
④Best wishes/ regards to sb.
⑤Please give/ send my regards/ best wishes/ love to sb.
⑥Say hello to sb.
⑦Please remember me to sb.
2.介绍(Introductions)
①This is Mr./ Mrs./ Miss/ Ms./ Comrade.../ May I introduce you to...?/ I'd like you to meet...
②My name is.../ I'm a student/ teacher, etc.
③I'm Chinese.
3.告别(Farewells)
①I'm afraid I must be leaving now./ I think it's time for us to leave now.
②Good bye!/ Bye bye!/ Bye!/ See you later/ tomorrow./ See you./ Good night.
4.感谢和应答(Thanks and responses)
①Thank you(very much)./ Thanks a lot./ Many thanks./ Thanks for.../ It's very kind of you to...
②Not at all./ It's/ That's all right./ You are welcome.
5.祝愿、祝贺和应答(Good wishes, congratulations & responses)
①Good luck!/ Best wishes to you!/ I wish you good luck/ success!/ Good journey (to you)!/ Have a good trip./ Have a nice/ good/ wonderful time./ Congratulations./ I'd like to congratulate you on.../ Happy New Year!/ Merry Christmas!/ Happy birthday to you!
②Thank you./ The same to you.
6.道歉、遗憾和应答(Apologies, regrets, sympathies & responses)
①Sorry./ Pardon./ I'm sorry./ I'm sorry for/ about.../ I'm sorry to hear.../ I'm sorry to have+v.-ed/ that...
②Excuse me(for...)/ I'm afraid of.../ I'm afraid I was very rude./ I didn't mean to be so rude./ What a pity./ Shame!/ It's a pity that...
③That's all right./ It doesn't matter./ That's nothing./ That's OK./ Never mind./ Don't worry about that.
7.邀请和应答(Invitations and responses)
①Will you come to...?/ Would you like to...?/ I'd like to invite you to...
②Yes, I'd love to(...)./ Yes, it's very kind/ nice of you.
③I'd love to, but...
8.提供(帮助等)和应答(Offers and responses)
①Can/ Could/ Shall I help you?/ Would you like me to...?/ Is there anything(else) I can do for you?/ Do you want me to...?/ What can I do for you?/ Let me do/ carry/ help...(for you)./ Would you like some...?
②Thanks./ That would be nice/ fine./ That's very kind/ nice of you./ Thank you for your help./ Yes, please./ Here, take this/ my...
③No, thanks./ Thank you./ I can manage it myself./ Thank you all the same./ That's very kind of you, but...
9.约会(Making appointments)
①Are you/ Will you be free this afternoon/ tomorrow?/ How about tomorrow morning/ afternoon/ evening?/ Shall we meet at 4:30 at...?
②Yes, that's all right./ Yes, I'll be free then.
③No, I won't be free then. But I'll be free...
④All right. See you then.
10.意愿和希望(Intentions and wishes)
①I'm going to.../ I intend/ mean/ plan to.../ I will.../ I'd like to.../ I feel like v.-ing.../ I (do not) want/ hope to.../ I'm ready to.../ I'd prefer to do.../ I would rather not tell you.
②I want/ hope/ wish to.../ I wish that.../ I would like to...
③How about...
11.请求、允许和应答(Asking for permission and responses)
①May I...?/ Can/ Could I...?/ I wonder if I can/ could.../ Do/ Would you mind if I do/ did...?
②Yes/ Sure/ Certainly./ Yes, (do) please.或Sure, go ahead./ Of course./ Go ahead, please./ That's OK/ all right./ Not at all./ Of course not./ Certainly not.
③I'm sorry you can't./ I'm sorry, but.../ You'd better not.
12.同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)
①Certainly./ Sure./ Of course./ Yes, please./ No problem./ That's true./ Yes, I think so./ OK./ All right./ That's a good idea.../ It's a good idea.../ We agree(with you)./ I agree to.../ that-clause
②No. I don't think so./ I'm afraid not./ I'm afraid I (really) can't agree with you.
13.喜好和厌恶(Likes and dislikes)
①I like/love...(very much)./ I like/ love to...
②I don't like(to).../ I hate(to)...
14.决定和坚持(Determination, decision and insistence)
①I will.../ I have decided to/ that.../ I have decided wh-疑问词引导的从句/wh-疑问代词或副词to...
②I insist on/that...
15.判断和意见(Judgement and opinion)
①It certainly is./ It's correct to do.../ Well done!/ Good work!
②In my opinion.../ It seems.../ So/ As far as I know...
16.职责(Obligations)
You must/ have to/ should/ ought to.../ It is necessary to/ that...
17.能力(Ability)
I can.../ He is able to...
18.偏爱(Preference)
I prefer...to.../ He'd prefer them not to.../ He'd rather begin at once.
19.责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)
①She is to blame./ He blamed her for.../ She shouldn't have done it.
②I'm sorry to have said that, but.../ Why can't you do something about it?
20.肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)
①I'm sure (of that)./ I'm sure (that)...
②I'm not sure (of that)./ I'm not sure whether/ if.../ I doubt if...
③Perhaps./ Maybe.
21.禁止和警告(Prohibition and warnings)
①You can't/ mustn't.../ If you..., you will.../ You'd better not do it./ Don't smoke!/ Don't be late!
②Look out!/ Take care!/ Be careful!
22.可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)
①He can/ may.../ It is possible that...
②He may not.../ He is not likely to.../ He is not likely that...
23.预见、猜测和相信(Prediction, conjecture and belief)
①He will...
②I guess that.../ He must have done.../ It seems (that).../ It seems as if.../ It looks as if...
③I believe that he is right.
24.请求(Requests)
①Can/ Will/ Could/ Would you...for me?/ Will/ Can/ Could/ Would you please...?/ May I have...?
②Please give/ pass me.../ Please wait(here/a moment)./ Please wait(for) your turn./ Please stand in line/ line up./ Please hurry./ Make sure that...please.
③Don't rush/ hurry/ crowd./ No noise, please./ No smoking, please.
25.劝告和建议(Advice and suggestions)
①You'd better (not).../ You should/ought to.../ You need(to)...
②Shall we...?/ Let's.../ What/ How about...?/ Why not...?/ Why don't you do...?
26.许诺(Promises)
I promise.../ You shall have...tomorrow./ I will give...to you.
27.提醒(Reminding)
Don't forget to.../ Don't you remember the days when...?/ Make sure that everything is OK now.
28.表示焦虑(Expressing anxiety)
What's wrong?/ What's the matter(with you)?/ Is there anything the matter?
I'm/ He's/ She's worried./ Oh, what shall I/ we do?/ We were all anxious about...
29.表示惊奇(Expressing surprise)
Really?/ Oh dear!/ Is that so?/ Good heavens!
30.表示喜悦(Expressing pleasure)
I'm glad/ pleased/ happy to.../ That's nice/ wonderful/ great./ Hopefully tomorrow will turn fine.
31.谈论天气(Talking about the weather)
What's the weather like today?/ What's the weather going to be like at the weekend?/ How's the weather in...?/ It's fine/ cloudy/ windy/ rainy.../ It's getting cold/ warm.../ It's rather warm/ cold/ hot...today, isn't it?/ It's going to be dry and sunny for the next two days./ It's a beautiful day today.
32.购物(Shopping)
①What can I do for you?/ Can/ May I help you?/ Is there anything I can do for you?
②I want/ I'd like.../ How much is it?/ That's too expensive, I'm afraid./ That's fine. I'll take it./ Let me have...
③How much/ many do you want?/ What colour/ size/ kind do you want?
④Do you have any other kind/ size/ colour, etc.?
33.问路和应答(Asking the way and responses)
①Excuse me. Where's the men's/ ladies' room?/ Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to...?/ How can I get to...? I don't know the way.
②Go down this street./ Turn right/ left at the first/ second crossing./ It's about... metres from here./ Go straight ahead till you see...
34.问时间、日期和应答(Asking the time, date and responses)
①What day is (it) today?/ What's the date today?/ Excuse me. What time is it by your watch?/ What's the time, please?
②It's Monday/ Tuesday.../ It's January/ February.../ It's six o'clock/ six thirty/ half past six/ a quarter past/ to six./ It's time for/ to...
35.就餐(Taking meals)
①What would you like (to have)?/ Would you like something (to eat/ drink)?
②I'd like.../ Two eggs..., please.
③Would you like some more...?/ Help yourself to some...
④Thank you. I've had enough./ I'm full, thank you./ Just a little, please.
36.打电话(Making phone calls)
①Hello! Is (Tom) in?/ May/ Could I speak to...?/ Is that...(speaking)?
②Hold on, please./ Hello, who is it?/ He/ She isn't here right now./ Can I take a message for you?
③Hello, this is...speaking./ I called to tell/ ask you...
37.传递信息(Passing on a message)
①Will you please give this note/ message to...?
②...asked me to give you this note.
③Thanks for the message.
38.看病(Seeing the doctor)
①There's something wrong with.../ I've got a headache and a cough./ I feel terrible/ bad./ I don't feel well./ This place hurts.
②Take this medicine three times a day./ Drink plenty of water and have a good rest./ It's nothing serious./ You'll be all right/ well soon.
39.求救(Calling for help)
①Help!/ Thief!
②What's the matter?
40.语言困难(Language difficulties)
Pardon?/ Would you please say that again/ more slowly?/ What do you mean by...?/ I'm sorry I can't follow you./ I'm sorry I know only a little English.
41.常见的标志和说明(Some common signs and instructions)
①BUSINESS HOURS/ MENU/ OFFICE HOURS/ NO SMOKING/ OPEN/ NO PARKING/ CLOSED/ NO PHOTOS
②PULL/ PUSH/ ENTRANCE/ EXIT
③INSTRUCTIONS/ MADE IN CHINA/ THIS SIDE UPON/ DANGER OFF
④PLAY/ STOP/ PAUSE
⑤INSERT HERE
【题型示例】
题型1、社会交往
【例1】 【2016·天津】1. ---It was a wonderful trip. So, which city did you like better, Paris or Rome?
---______. There were good things and bad things about them.
A. It’s hard to say B. I didn’t get it
C. You must be kidding D. Couldn’t be better
【答案】A
【解析】句意:—这是一次很棒的旅行。那么,你更喜欢哪个城市,巴黎还是罗马?—很难说。它们都既有好的也有坏的事情。A.很难说;B.我不明白;C.你一定是在开玩笑吧;D.再好不过了。根据语境,故选A。
【变式探究】(2015·高考天津卷,T1)—Sorry,Liz.I think I was a bit rude to you.
—________,but don’t do that again!
A.Go ahead B.Forget it
C.It depends D.With pleasure
答案:B
【变式探究】
【2015·重庆】15. —Hello Jenny, can I see Ms. Lewis?
—____. I’ll tell you’re here.
A. With pleasure B. Never mind C. You’re welcome D. Just a minute
【答案】D
【解析】句意:你好,简妮,我能找一下路易斯女士吗?请稍等,我给你叫她。根据语境可知这是在打电话,故选D项。
【2015·陕西】11. ---Let’s go to the New Year’s Eve party, shall we?
---- I guess it will be fun.
A. Forget it! B. No way! C. Why not? D. What for?
【答案】C
【解析】句意:--让我们去新年夜晚会,好吗?---好啊!我想那一定很有趣.Forget it!“得了,忘了吧!”;No way!“没门”;Why not!“好啊!”;What for?“为什么?”,所以选C。
【2015·江苏】33.—Why didn’t you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well, you know he’s _______ .
A. an early bird B. a wet blanket C. a lucky dog D. a tough nut
【答案】B
【解析】句意:—为什么你没有邀请约翰出席你的生日聚会?—你知道的,他是个令人扫兴的人。A项“早起的鸟儿(比喻勤劳的人)”;B项“扫兴的人或物”;C项“幸运儿”;D项“棘手的事情,难对付的人”。故选B项。
【变式探究】
—I'm sorry I made a mistake!
—________. Nobody is perfect.(Take your time, You're right, Whatever you say, Take it easy)
【答案】Take it easy
【举一反三】—Thank you for the flowers.
—________. I thought they might cheer you up.(That's right, All right, I'm all right, It's all right)
【答案】It's all right
【变式探究】—Sorry,I'm late.I got stuck in traffic.
—________.You're here now.Come in and sit down.
A.You are welcome B.That's right
C.I have no idea D.Never mind
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——很抱歉我迟到了。路上堵车了。——没关系。你现在来了,进来坐吧。never mind“没关系,不要紧”,符合语境。
【变式探究】 —Which one of these do you want?
—________.Either will do.
A.I don't mind B.I'm sure
C.No problem D.Go ahead
【答案】A
【解析】答句句意:我不介意。答语的下一句提到任何一个都可以,由此可知说话人不介意。B项表示“我确信”,C项通常用来表示事情容易做或乐于相助,D项表示允许,都不符合语境。
【变式探究】 —Try not to work yourself too hard.Take it easy.
—Thanks.________
A.So what? B.No way.
C.What for? D.You too.
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——工作不要那么拼命。慢慢来。——谢谢。你也一样。根据句意可知,对方劝答话人工作不要太拼命,要慢慢来。说话人表示感谢,并希望对方也这样。故D项正确。
【变式探究】 —What shall we do tonight then?
—________—whatever you want.
A.Help yourself B.It's a deal
C.No problem D.It's up to you
【答案】D
【解析】根据破折号后面的内容可知,答话人表示一切听从对方的安排,因此选择D项“由你决定”。前三项分别表示“请自便”“就这么定了”“没问题”,均不符合语境。
【变式探究】 —May I help you?You seem to be having some problems.
—________,thanks.I think I can manage.
A.All right B.No problem
C.It's all right D.There's no way
【答案】C
【归纳总结】
几组易混交际用语
(1)My pleasure./With pleasure.“My pleasure.=It's a pleasure.”,是致谢应答语,译作“不用谢”。
With pleasure.是请求应答语,译作“乐意效劳,非常愿意”,用法同“No problem.”
(2)Take your time./Take it easy.
Take your time.安慰对方,“不要急,慢慢来”,强调时间充裕,反义词为Hurry up./Come on.
Take it easy.安慰对方不要紧张不安。
(3)Congratulations!/Good luck!Congratulations!
祝贺对方已取得成功,译作“恭喜”。
Good luck!表示“祝你好运”,用以表示祝愿,但事情尚未发生。
(4)So what?/What for?/Like what?
“So what?=What of it?”“那又怎样”,表无所谓或不关心。
What for?表示“为何目的,为何理由”,用于询问。Like what?表示“比方说”,用于接续话题。
(5)How's that?/How come?
How's that?询问对方是否满意,译作“怎么样?”还表示“那是怎么回事?”,用以询问已发生事情的原因。
How come?“怎么会呢”,对方已发生的事情表示惊讶和不解。
题型2、情感与态度
【例2】【2016·浙江】1. --Are you sure you're ready for the best?
--_________. I'm well prepared for it.
A. I'm afraid not B. No problem C. Hard to say D. Not really
【答案】B
【解析】句意:—你确定你准备好考试了吗?—没问题。我已经做好准备了。A.恐怕不;B.没问题;C.很难说;D.不是真的。根据语境,故选B。
【变式探究】(2015·高考四川卷,T1)—Sorry,I forgot to lock the door.
—________.Mike can do it later.
A.No way B.Take your time
C.Nothing serious D.You’re welcome
答案;C
【举一反三】【2015·天津】1. —Sorry, Liz. I think I was a bit rude to you.
—______, but don’t do that again!
A. Go ahead B. Forget it C. It depends D. With
pleasure
【答案】B
【解析】
句意:——对不起,Liz。我想刚才我对你有点粗鲁。——算了吧,不过不要再那样做了。A. Go ahead 好吧,行啊;B. Forget it算了吧,不必在意; C. It depends 那还得看情况了;D. With pleasure乐意效劳。根据句意可知选B。
【2015·陕西】16. —Sir, could I hand in my homework a bit late?
----- __________, since you’ve been unwell these days.
A. You can’t be serious B. I’m afraid not
C. Good idea D. Well, all right
【答案】D
【解析】
句意:--老师,我可以迟一些交我的作业吗?--好的,因为你最近一直不舒服。You can’t be serious你一定是开玩笑吧!;I’m afraid not恐怕不行;Good idea好主意;Well,all right好啊,行。所以选D。
【2015·安徽】35.— How is your table tennis these days? Still playing?
—______. I just don't seem to find the time these days.
A. That's right B. No, not much C That's great D. Don’t worry
【答案】B
【解析】
句意:--你的乒乓球练得怎样了?还在练习吗?--没怎么练。我现在似乎没有时间练习。A是的,没错;B没,没怎么打;C真棒;D别担心。故选B。
【变式探究】
—Would you mind answering some questions on shopping habits?
—________.(Yes, with great pleasure/No, I am afraid I can't make it/Yes, it is worth the time/No, as long as it doesn't take long)
【答案】No, as long as it doesn't take long
【变式探究】—Don't worry, Mum.The doctor said it was only the flu.
—________!I'll tell Dad there's nothing serious.
A.What a relief B.Congratulations
C.How surprising D.I'm so sorry
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——妈妈,不要担心。医生说这仅仅是流感。——真是松了口气!我要告诉爸爸没什么严重的。本题考查情景交际。A项意为“可以松口气了,那就放心了”;B项意为“祝贺”;C项意为“多么令人吃惊”;D项意为“我真遗憾”。根据情景可知答案为A项。
【变式探究】 —This is really lively party.There's a great atmosphere,isn't there?
—________.The hosts know how to host a party.(2013·山东,32)
A.Don't worry B.Yes,indeed
C.No,there isn't D.It all depends
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——这真的是一次很热闹的派对。气氛很好,不是吗?——是的,确实是。(这家的)主人们知道如何举办聚会。根据答语第二句的意思可知,空格处应为对上文的肯定,所以选B。其余三项都不符合语境。
【变式探究】 —Just a moment.I have't finished packing my suitcase.
—________.It's high time we left for the airport.
A.Go ahead B.Take it easy
C.Hurry up D.That's fine
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——等一会儿,我还没整理好行装。——快点。我们该去机场了。考查情景交际。hurry up:快点。A:请吧;B:别紧张;D:很好。根据答语中It's high time...可知,此处为“催促”之意,所以C项正确。
【变式探究】—You have to believe in yourself.No one else will,if you don't.
—________.Confidence is really important.
A.It's not my cup of tea B.That's not the point
C.I don't think so D.I couldn't agree more
【答案】D
【归纳总结】
近三年常考易混口语交际
(1)Forget it./Don't mention it.
(2)What if...?/So what?/What for?/Guess what?/What?/What then?
(3)How come...?/How about...?/And how!/How so?/How is that?
(4)It depends./It's up to you./It's hard to say.
(5)Take it easy./Take your time.
(6)My pleasure./With pleasure.
(7)Come on!/Cheer up!
题型三 评价与看法
例3.【2016·江苏】32.—Only those who have alot in common can get along well.
— . Opposites sometimes do attract.
A. I hope not B. I think so C. I appreciate that D. I beg to differ
【答案】D
【解析】考查交际用语。I hope not我可不希望这样;I think so我认为如此;
I appreciate that我很感激;I beg to differ恕我不能同意。由答语后句Opposites sometimes do attract.(意见相反的人有时会相互吸引。)可知两个人的意见并不一致。故D项符合语境。
【举一反三】【2015·天津】4. —Jack, you seem excited.
—______? I won the first prize in the English speech contest.
A. Guess what B. So what
C. Pardon me D. Who cares
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——杰克,你看起来很兴奋。——猜猜看?我在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。A. Guess what 猜猜看;B. So what那又怎么样; C. Pardon me 请问刚才你说的什么;D. Who care谁管它呢。根据句意可知选A。
【变式探究】—What do you think of the house?
—________ It's everything we've been looking for.(Perfect!/Good idea!/ Not bad./Soso.)
【答案】Perfect!
【举一反三】—The Tshirt I received is not the same as is shown online.
—________? But I promise you we'll look into it right away.(Who says, How come, What for, Why worry)
【答案】How come
【解析】考查交际用语。句意:——我收到的这件T恤衫和网页上展示的不一样。——怎么会呢?不过我向您保证我们会立刻查清楚的。Who says“谁说的”;How come“怎么会(表达说话人的惊讶之情)”;What for“为什么”;Why worry“为什么担心”。这段对话是关于网购的,发生在买家和客服之间,根据答语中的But可知客服对于买家反映的情况表示惊讶,但还是承诺会查清楚。
【感悟提升】
常用语:
(1)How come?怎么会呢?
(2)So what?那又怎么样?
(3)You can say that again.你说的没错。
(4)It's out of the question./Not likely./No way./Not a chance.不可能。
(5)Yes, indeed.是的,确实这样。
(6)So it is.确实如此。
(7)Absolutely.完全可以。
(8)I can't agree with you more.我完全同意。
(9)It's a deal.成交,就这么定了。
(10)By no means.绝不;一点儿也不。
(11)Forget it.算了吧;想都别想。
(12)No way.不可能;决不;没门儿。
【变式探究】—How did your interview with the manager go?
—________ He seemed interested in my experience, but he didn't ask for references.(Perfect!/I'm not sure./That's right./Couldn't be better.)
【答案】I'm not sure.
【解析】考查交际用语。句意:——你觉得与经理的面试怎么样?——我不确定。他好像对我的经历感兴趣,但他并没有求证。根据接下来的话可知,既有好的一面,也有不利的一面,显然说话人是模棱两可的。
【变式探究】—This is a really lively party. There's a great atmosphere, isn't there?
—________. The hosts know how to host a party.(Don't worry/Yes, indeed/No, there isn't/It all depends)
【答案】Yes, indeed