【英语】2018届二轮复习形容词副词讲与练学案（22页word版） 26页

‎2018届二轮复习 形容词和副词讲与练 一形容词、副词的基本用法 ‎(一) 形容词是表示事物的特征和性质的词类，通常在句中作表语、宾语补足语、定语等。‎ ‎1.形容词主要在下列动词后作宾语补足语：‎ ‎（1）表示感觉的动词，如：feel,find,see等。‎ ‎ She felt the palm of his hand wet with sweat.‎ 她感觉他的手掌汗湿了。‎ ‎ I found the cage empty.‎ 我发觉笼子空了。‎ ‎ Seeing him perfectly grave, she nod her head with approval.‎ 她看见他非常严肃的样子就点头同意了。‎ ‎（2）表示致使的动词，如：get,have,leave,make,set,turn等。‎ ‎ He got his shoes and socks wet. ‎ 他把鞋袜都弄湿了。‎ ‎ The operation left him weak.‎ 那次手术使他身体变弱了。‎ ‎ The cold wind turned the leaves yellow.‎ 寒风使树叶变黄了。‎ ‎2.形容词有时也可作状语表示伴随或结果，形容词作状语表示主语的状态，并不表达动作的方式。‎ ‎ After the long journey， the three of them went back home， hungry and tired.‎ 经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到家，又饿又累。‎ ‎（二）副词表示动作、状态、特征等的性质（方式、程度、数量等），或指出动作和状态的发生或存在的状况，因此副词的语法意义是多样的，副词在句中主要作状语，也可作表语、定语、宾语补足语。‎ ‎1.作状语是副词的主要句法功能，作状语时它修饰动词、形容词和其他副词。‎ ‎ I agree with you absolutely.‎ 我完全同意你。‎ ‎ He looked tired, so deathly tired. ‎ 他看来累了，累得要死。‎ ‎2.有些副词还可以作连词，作副词时常放在句末。如：though，(ever)‎ ‎ since，in case等。‎ ‎ He is old. He works hard， though.‎ ‎＝Though he is old， he works hard.‎ 虽然他年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。‎ ‎3.有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obviously，naturally，surprisingly等。‎ ‎ Fortunately， he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.‎ 幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军救了。‎ ‎ Happily for her， her stepmother was kind to her.‎ 令她高兴的是她的继母对她很好。‎ ‎4.can not/never 与enough 或too连用表示：无论怎样都不过分；越……越好。‎ ‎ You can never be too careful in the street.‎ 在大街上你越小心越好。‎ 二 形容词、副词表示倍数的句型 ‎1.A is (v.)＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B ‎2.A is (v.)＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B ‎3.A is (v.)＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height 等)＋of＋B ‎4.A is (v.)＋倍数＋that＋of＋B ‎5.A is (v.)＋倍数＋what 引导的名词性从句 ‎ This building is three times higher than that one.‎ ‎=This building is three times as high as that one.‎ ‎=This building is three times the height of that one.‎ 这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。‎ ‎ The output of this year is 3 times that of 2014.‎ ‎＝The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2014.‎ 今年的产量是2014年的三倍。‎ ‎ After the new technique was introduced， the factory produced twice as many cars in 2014 as the year before.‎ 引进新技术后，这家工厂2014年生产的小汽车是去年的两倍。‎ 三 形容词、副词的比较等级 ‎1.“as＋形容词＋(a/an)＋名词＋as”表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。‎ ‎ It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.‎ 人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。‎ ‎2.“as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”与“not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。‎ ‎ The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.‎ 这项工作不像你想象的那么难。‎ ‎3.“the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词”表示“两者中较……的那个”。‎ ‎ The taller of the two boys is my brother.‎ 两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。‎ ‎4.a＋形容词比较级＋n.……‎ ‎ After two years’ research， we have a far better understanding of the disease.‎ 研究两年之后，现在我们进一步了解了这种病。‎ ‎5.“the+比较级……，the+比较级……”表示“越……越……”。‎ ‎ The more you talked, the less attention he paid to you.‎ 你说得越多，他就越不专心听你讲。‎ ‎6.比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越……”。‎ ‎ Our city is becoming more and more beautiful. ‎ 我们的城市会变得越来越美丽。‎ ‎7.比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit 等。‎ ‎ The students study even harder than before.‎ 学生们学习比以前更努力了。‎ ‎ A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.‎ 汽车比自行车跑的快得多。‎ ‎8.最高级 ‎(1)最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like ‎ The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.‎ 目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的一座。‎ ‎ I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera.‎ 我想买那部第二贵的相机。‎ ‎(2)否定词＋比较级＝最高级 ‎ There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.‎ 为朋友而舍弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。‎ ‎ —Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?‎ ‎——你对他在会议上的发言满意吗？‎ ‎—No. It couldn’t have been worse.‎ ‎——不，发言太差了。‎ Ⅰ.单句填空 ‎1.If you want to book tickets for the 2016 Asian Games, just call 00952012. It couldn’t be_____ (simple).‎ ‎【解析】句意：如果你想预订2016年亚运会的票,就拨打电话00952012。不可能比这更简单了。形容词比较级和否定词连用时，表最高级意思，即：这是最简单的。‎ ‎【答案】1.simpler ‎2.The concept of “Customer First” should be （firm）rooted in the mind of every shop-assistant. ‎ ‎【解析】句意：“顾客至上”的概念应该牢固地植根于每个商店售货员的心里。修饰过去分词应用副词。‎ ‎【答案】2.firmly ‎3.He had driven no (far) than ten miles when his race car b roke down and he was soon behind the other competitors. ‎ ‎【解析】句意：他刚刚开了不超过十英里距离时，他的赛车就抛锚了,很快他就落后于其他竞争对手。far表示“具体距离”时的比较级是farther。‎ ‎【答案】3.farther ‎4.Your plan, as well as his, sounds original. But the company, I think, won’t approve either of them, for they are (real).‎ ‎【解析】句意：你的计划以及他的计划听起来是那么有创意，但我认为公司哪个也不会批准的,因为它们不现实。从句意看应是不切合实际的，因此应是unrealistic。‎ ‎【答案】4.unrealistic ‎5.—Do you like this part of the town, the so-called desired area?‎ ‎—On the contrary, it’s the _____ area that I want to visit in town.‎ ‎【解析】句意：——你喜欢这座城市的这一部分吗,所谓的期望区？——相反,这是我最不想参观的一个区域。last本意为“最后的”，引申为“the least suitable or likely”(最不可能的)。‎ ‎【答案】5.last ‎6.Retirement is obviously a very complex adjustment period and the (early) you start planning for it, the better.‎ ‎【解析】句意：退休显然是一个非常复杂的适应期,你越早开始规划越好。“the+比较级，the+比较级”是一个固定句型，意为“越……就越好”。‎ ‎【答案】6.earlier ‎7.If there were no examinations tomorrow, we would have a much (happy) time tonight.‎ ‎【解析】句意：如果明天没有考试,我们今晚会更快乐。本句是一个虚拟，是虚拟与真实的对比，是比较关系，因此用比较级。‎ ‎【答案】7.happier ‎8.It’s likely that she will be (absence) from punishment, as our teacher has been convinced by her excuse.‎ ‎【解析】句意：很有可能她不会受到惩罚,因为老师相信了她的借口。absence 的形容词形式是absent。‎ ‎【答案】8.absent ‎9.Young people go to college with the expectation that _____(good) educated people get a higher pay. ‎ ‎【解析】句意：年轻人上大学的期望是受过更好教育的人会得到更高的薪水。从后文用词higher 可知，这里是一个相对的概念，含一个比较的意思。‎ ‎【答案】9.better ‎10.She believes that we have all become world citizens, due to technological advances like internet and airplanes. And I couldn’t agree ______.‎ ‎【解析】句意：她认为，我们都因为网络和飞机这些科技的进步而成为地球村的一员，我完全赞同。形容词的比较级与否定词连用，表达的是最高级的意思，I couldnt agree more 意为“我完全赞同”。‎ ‎【答案】10.more ‎11.We can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a ________ polluted world.‎ ‎【解析】句意：除非我们创造出一个少些污染的世界，否则我们永远都不可能指望有一片更蓝的天空。过去分词polluted充当形容词，修饰world，意为“被污染的”。从句意可知，应用less。‎ ‎【答案】11.less ‎12.My brother was still studying late into the night while I was ________ asleep.‎ ‎【解析】句意：我哥哥深夜时还在学习而我却睡着了。be/fall sound/fast asleep 意为“安然入睡，酣睡中”；sound可用作副词修饰形容词asleep; soundly也是副词，是修饰动词的，如：He was sleeping soundly。‎ ‎【答案】12.sound/fast ‎13.As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of ________(alternation) energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel.‎ ‎【解析】句意：因为煤和石油越来越少，科学家正在探索利用替代能源的新方法，例如通过阳光、风力和水力产电产能。alternative 有“可选择的，可替代的”之意。‎ ‎【答案】13.alternative ‎14.Frank put the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it would not be ________ (access) to the kids.‎ ‎【解析】句意：法兰克把药放在上面的抽屉里，以确保孩子们拿不到药。sth. be accessible to sb.意为“……能被……拿到”。‎ ‎【答案】14.accessible ‎15.How much ________ (good) she looks without her glasses! She is gorgeous now.‎ ‎【解析】句意：她不戴眼镜看起来好太多了！她现在真漂亮。根据后句，空白处应填表示“好”的比较级。‎ ‎【答案】15.better ‎16.The incomes of skilled workers went up. Meanwhile, ________(skill) workers saw their earnings fall.‎ ‎【解析】句意：技术工人的收入上升了，同时，非技术工人的收入下降了。unskilled与skilled形成一对反义词。‎ ‎【答案】16.unskilled ‎17.I’m sure that your letter will get ________ (immediately) attention. They know you’re waiting for the reply.‎ ‎【解析】句意：我确信你的信将马上得到关注。他们知道你正等着回复。根据后句可知，前文应该表示“信马上会得到处理”，故用immediate修饰attention。‎ ‎【答案】17.immediate ‎18.It’s high time you had your hair cut; it’s getting much ________ long.‎ ‎【解析】句意：你该剪头发了。你头发太长了。much too修饰形容词，表示“非常……，太……”。‎ ‎【答案】18.too ‎19.Compared with his sister, Jerry is even more ________ (sense) to, and more easily troubled by, emotional and relationship problems.‎ ‎【解析】句意：跟他的姐姐相比，杰瑞对情感和关系问题更敏感，更容易受其困扰。根据“more easily troubled by”以及介词to，此处应用be sensitive to这个短语。‎ ‎【答案】19.sensitive ‎20.My brother is really ________ (diligence). He often works in his office far into the night.‎ ‎【解析】句意：我的哥哥工作勤奋。他常常在办公室工作到深夜。 形容词作表语，故用diligent。‎ ‎【答案】20.diligent ‎21.I can ________ be a teacher. I’m not a very patient person.‎ ‎【解析】句意：我永远不会当老师。我不是一个非常耐心的人。根据句意，应填副词never/not，表否定意义。‎ ‎【答案】21.never/not ‎22.My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice ________ expensive.‎ ‎【解析】句意：我叔叔在市中心的房子比我们的小很多，但是是我们的两倍贵。考查倍数的表示方法。该题采用了“倍数+as+adj./adv.+as”这一结构。‎ ‎【答案】22.as ‎23.The children loved their day trip, and among all the activities, they enjoyed the horse ride ________.‎ ‎【解析】句意：那些孩子们喜欢他们的短途旅行。在所有项目中，他们最喜欢骑马。根据句意，此处应该用most修饰enjoy，表示最喜欢。‎ ‎【答案】23.most ‎24.The weather was _______ cold that I didn’t like to leave my room.‎ ‎【解析】句意：天气太冷了以致于我不愿意离开我的房间。考查so+adj.+that结构。‎ ‎【答案】24.so ‎25.Tom does very well in computer study and much to my joy, Jane does no ________ (bad) than Tom.‎ ‎【解析】句意：汤姆在计算机研究方面做得很好,使我高兴的是,简并不比汤姆差。从后文的than可判断应用比较级。‎ ‎【答案】 25.worse ‎26.Jack is late again. It is ________ (type) of him to keep others waiting.‎ ‎【解析】句意：杰克又迟到了。让别人等是他一贯的作风。It is typical of sb. to do sth.意为“某人一贯……”。‎ ‎【答案】 26.typical ‎27.As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only ________ (occasion).‎ ‎【解析】句意：因为他在一个边远的地区工作，所以他只能偶尔回去看望他的父母。occasionally adv.偶尔地。‎ ‎【答案】 7.occasionally ‎28. Last night Mr.Crook didn’t come back at the usual time. ________, he met some friends and stayed out until midnight.‎ ‎【解析】句意：昨天晚上库鲁克先生没有按往常的时间回来，而是见了几个朋友，在外面呆到半夜。instead意为“相反地；反而”。‎ ‎【答案】28.Instead ‎29.He doesn’t have ________ furniture in his room—just an old desk.‎ ‎【解析】句意：他房间里没有什么家具——只有一张旧桌子。furniture为不可数名词，故用much修饰。‎ ‎【答案】29.much ‎30.Although badly hurt in the accident, the driver was ________ able to make a phone call.‎ ‎【解析】句意：尽管在事故中受重伤，但司机还能打电话。although…yet/still…用以表达“尽管……，但还是……”。 ‎ ‎【答案】30.still Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1.Pure love and suspicion cannot dwell together: at the door where the later enters, the former makes its exit.‎ ‎【解析】句意：真爱和猜疑不可能共存；当后者进门时，前者就会离开。根据句意，应是前者和后者的对比，前者是the former，后者是the latter。 ‎ ‎【答案】1.later→latter ‎2.High technology has been used in teaching. As a result, not only was teachers’ energy saved, but students became most interested in the lessons. ‎ ‎【解析】句意：高科技已被用于教学。因此, 不仅教师的精力得到了节省，而且学生也对课程更感兴趣了。这里应是学生的现在和过去相比，应是比较级。‎ ‎【答案】2.most→more ‎3.His health is improving day by day. It is quite apparently that the medicine has a good effect on his disease.‎ ‎【解析】句意：他的健康正在逐日改善，很明显这种药对他的病有良好的效果。句中it 是形式主语，应用apparent 作表语。‎ ‎【答案】3.apparently→apparent ‎4.She didn’t allow the accident to discourage her. On the contrary, she began to work twice as hardly. ‎ ‎【解析】句意：她不允许这次事故阻止她。相反,她开始加倍努力地工作。hardly 意为“几乎不”，是具有否定意义的词，“努力地”，应是hard。‎ ‎【答案】4.hardly→hard ‎5.Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times of the number hired last year, to help reduce unemployment pressure.‎ ‎【解析】句意：中国各地的一些学校预计今年将招聘50 000名大学毕业生做短期老师,这是去年雇佣数量的三倍,以帮助减少失业压力。表达比较级的形式之一是：倍数词+the+名词（+of…）,这里可以看作是…three times the number of teachers that were hired last year的省略。‎ ‎【答案】5.three times of ‎6.—You seem to be burning yourself out with so much work!‎ ‎—Exact. I’m dying for a thorough rest and a good workout.‎ ‎【解析】句意：——你似乎在拼命啦？做如此多的工作!‎ ‎ ——没错。我渴望彻底的休息和好好的锻炼。作评注性的状语时，应用副词。‎ ‎【答案】6.Exact→Exactly ‎7.Mary was only too ready to help others, seldom, if any, refusing them when they turned to her.‎ ‎【解析】句意：玛丽非常乐于助人, 当别人向她求助时，如果有的话,她很少拒绝他们。if ever表示一种假设，意为“如果曾经有过”。‎ ‎【答案】7.any→ever ‎8.There are a few things more important to society than educating children and providing healthcare to families.‎ ‎【解析】句意：很少有事情比教育孩子，为家庭提供医疗保健对社会更重要的了。few具有否定意义；而a few有肯定色彩。‎ ‎【答案】8.a few ‎11.It seems that green living is surprising easy and affordable. A small step makes a big difference.‎ ‎【解析】形容词easy, affordable应该用副词来修饰，故应用surprisingly。‎ ‎【答案】11.surprising→surprisingly ‎12.—Bob isn’t feeling very well. He has caught a cold.‎ ‎—Everyone seems to have one because of the suddenly change of the weather.‎ ‎【解析】句意：——鲍勃感觉不是很好，他已经感冒了。——因为天气的突然变化似乎每个人都在感冒。句中change是名词，用形容词修饰。sudden是形容词，而suddenly是副词。‎ ‎【答案】12.suddenly→sudden ‎13.After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tiredly.‎ ‎【解析】由句式结构看， and前后的词性应该一致，且英语中形容词或形容词短语可作为状语使用，表示主语的状态。‎ ‎【答案】13.tiredly→tired ‎14.I haven’t seen Ann for such long that I’ve forgotten what she looks like.‎ ‎【解析】此处考查so…that…结构，so修饰副词long。‎ ‎【答案】 14.such→so ‎ ‎15.A cough is usually nothing to worry about unless it lasts for ten days or less.‎ ‎【解析】句意：只要不持续10天或更长，通常咳嗽是没有什么可担心的。‎ ‎【答案】15.less→more ‎16.Running a company is not simple a matter of hiring people—they also need to be trained.‎ ‎【解析】 simply为副词，修饰整个句子，意为“不仅仅”。‎ ‎【答案】16.simple→simply ‎17.It looks like the weather is changing for the worst. Shall we stick to our plan?‎ ‎【解析】 change for the worse变坏，恶化，是固定短语。‎ ‎【答案】17.worst→worse ‎18.Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his well-known one.‎ ‎【解析】因提到在他所写的所有歌曲中，这首可能是最好的，因此此处应用最高级。‎ ‎【答案】18.well known→best known ‎19.Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, so creating a stable environment.‎ ‎【解析】 so表示“因此”时，是个连词，但是creating a stable environment并非一个从句，因此用副词thus或者therefore表示因果关系。‎ ‎【答案】19.so→thus/therefore ‎20.There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is much wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.”‎ ‎【解析】本句对前后两句谚语进行比较，得出后一句谚语更有智慧的结论。事实上第二句是一个省略的比较结构，完整的句子为：But there is more wisdom in this than that…。‎ ‎【答案】20.much→more ‎21.Of the two coats, I’d choose the cheapest one to spare some money for a book.‎ ‎【解析】根据to spare some money for a book可知，我想选便宜点的，且在两件大衣中选择，因此应用比较级。‎ ‎【答案】21.cheapest→cheaper ‎22.—Do you need any help, Lucy?‎ ‎—Yes. The job is no more than I could do myself.‎ ‎【解析】本题考查形容词比较级的用法。more than多于，超过；no more than只不过。more than后接带有情态动词的从句，指“（某事）超出了……的范围”。‎ ‎【答案】22.no more than ‎23.—How did you find your trip to Happy Valley Amusement Park?‎ ‎—I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was so far more interesting than I expected.‎ ‎【解析】句意：——你觉得你的欢乐谷游乐园之行怎么样？‎ ‎——非常喜欢,那远比我想象的更有趣。比较级前面可用far来加强语气，但far前不可再用so来修饰。‎ ‎【答案】23.so far ‎24.I hear quite a lot boys in your school like playing football in their spare time， though others prefer basketball.‎ ‎【解析】 quite a few+n.［c］表示“许多”。a lot/bit+of+n.表示“很多”。‎ ‎【答案】24.lot→few/lot ∧of boys ‎25.—Did you enjoy yourself at the party?‎ ‎—Yes, I’ve never been to a most exciting one before.‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词的比较级。比较级用于否定句中表示最高级的意义。句意：我以前从未参加过比这个更激动人心的晚会。‎ ‎【答案】25.most→more ‎26.—What impresses you most about your hometown?‎ ‎—The street, the length of which is four times that it was eight years ago.‎ ‎【解析】句意：——你的家乡给你印象最深的是什么？——大街啊，其长度是八年前的四倍。what引导的是一个表语从句，其意相当于the ‎ length that/which…;而that可以用作指示代词，后跟of引起的短语。如：The length of the street here is four times that of our hometown。‎ ‎【答案】26.times后的that→what ‎27.After two years’ research, we now have a very better understanding of the disease.‎ ‎【解析】 very不能修饰比较级。‎ ‎【答案】 27.a very better/very→far/much ‎28.The final score of the basketball match was 93∶94. We were only slightly beaten.‎ ‎【解析】 slightly稍微；narrowly勉强地，险些。句意：我们险些被打败。故用narrowly。‎ ‎【答案】28.slightly→narrowly ‎29.It’s hard for him playing against me. I’ve got nothing to play for, but for him, he needs to win so bad.‎ ‎【解析】句意：……他非常想赢。badly意为“非常，极度”。‎ ‎【答案】 29.bad→badly ‎30.Greg got married lately in life. He didn’t want to settle down before he met Marry.‎ ‎【解析】 late in life意为“（与别人比）较晚的时候”，为固定用法。lately是“最近，近来”的意思。‎ ‎【答案】30.lately→late