2021届重庆市主城区高考适应性（一）英语试题（教师版含解析） 21页

重庆市主城区 2021 届高考适应性试卷(一) 英语 注意事项： 1.答题前，考生务必用黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚； 2.每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，在试卷上作答无效； 3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。满分 150 分，考试用时 120 分钟。 Ⅰ阅读理解 一、阅读理解 A Student Activities Assistant Bluegrass Community and Technical College Duties: $10 an hour Duties: This position will support the Student Activities Coordinator. Make Student Photo IDs and do general office work. Qualifications: High school diploma and one year of related work experience. Fun, dependable, and excellent customer service. Weekend English Teacher Mosher Tech $30 an hour Duties: Teach English to young learners between 5-12 years of age through our platform. Teachers will be teaching classrooms with up to 4 students. Qualifications: English teaching certificates. Prior teaching experience. Reading/Math Tutor Butler Community College $22.25 an hour Duties: The Reading/Math Tutor will be responsible for reading aloud and listening to students read in a group. They will tutor students by assisting with academic assignments for reading or math. Qualifications: Strong attention to details and problem solving skills. Ability to establish and maintain productive work relationships with staff and students. Registrar Assistant The University of Chicago $15.25 an hour Duties: This individual will work from December to March at approximately 20 hours per week. In peak periods, more hours may be available, and the assistant may be asked to work evening hours if needed. The assistant will create various reports on examinations, assist in exam administration and print course evaluations to help assure the department runs smoothly and efficiently during this period. Qualifications: High level of accuracy with repeated tasks. Minimum of 2 years of previous office experience required. 1. As a Registrar Assistant, you need to ______. A. deal with general office work B. write a variety of exam reports C. give instructions on course evaluations D. work 20 hours a week for a whole year 2. Which job doesn't require previous working experience? A. Student Activities Assistant. B. Weekend English Teacher. C. Reading/Math Tutor. D. Registrar Assistant. 3. We can probably read this passage from ______.​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ A. a textbook B. a school website C. a travel guide D. a science magazine 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了几则针对学生的招聘广告。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。由 Registrar Assistant 部分 Duties 中的“The assistant will create various reports on examinations, assist in exam administration...”(助理将创建各种考试报告，协助考试管理。)可知，作为注册助理，你需要 写各种各样的考试报告。故选 B。 【2 题详解】 推理判断题。由 Student Activities Assistant 部分 Qualifications 中的“one year of related work experience”(一 年相关工作经验)，Weekend English Teacher 部分 Qualifications 中的“Prior teaching experience.”(之前的教 学经验) 喝 Registrar Assistant 部分 Qualifications 中的“Minimum of 2 years of previous office experience required.”(至少两年工作经验)可推知，只有 Reading/Math Tutor 不需要有工作经验。故选 C。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了几则针对学生的招聘广告。由此推知，本文很有可能出自学 校的网站。故选 B。 B Scientists have been studying Antarctica for over a century, but details as basic as what it looks like beneath all that ice have largely remained a mystery. Now, Earther reports that a team of scientists from Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands and the UK has published the most detailed data on the continent’s subglacial topography(冰川下的地 形)near the South Pole. As they report in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, central Antarctica is home to three large canyons(峡谷), one of which is deeper than the Grand Canyon and nearly as wide at some points. The researchers made the discovery by flying a plane with radar over the South Pole, a spot that isn’t covered by imaging satellites. They expected to find mountains beneath the ice sheet, but the wide canyons they found between the mountains came as a surprise. Of the three canyons, two hadn’t been documented previously. The largest, the Foundation Trough, measures 218 miles long, up to 22 miles wide, and 6,260 feet deep, putting it up there with the planet’s most impressive canyons. The discoveries are significant on their own, but the real purpose behind the research is to better understand how the West and East Antarctic Ice Sheets will react to rising temperatures. Human-caused climate change has destabilized some of the continent’s ice, and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet especially has been slowly crumbling(崩 塌)into the sea. If patterns continue, the coastal glaciers supporting the large ice sheets could fall down, causing sea levels to rise a minimum of 10 feet. If this happens, the canyons could be a major factor in the speed and direction of ice flow from central Antarctica to the coast. The event isn’t likely to happen in the near future, but further study of Antarctica’s topography will help scientists to better predict when it might. 4. According to the text, the researchers found the new canyons ________. A. as planned B. by accident C. in the sea D. with satellites 5. What can be known about the canyons according to paragraph 4? A. They are likely to affect ice flow. B. They cause ice sheets to crumble. C. They stop ice flowing into the sea. D. They help to cool ice sheets down. 6. What does the author think of the further study of Antarctica’s topography? A. It’s confusing. B. It’s quite easy. C. It’s meaningful. D. It’s challenging. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rising Temperatures Cause Sea Levels to Rise B. Massive Canyons Are Found Beneath Ice Sheets C. Antarctica Still Remains Unknown to the Public D. Antarctica’s Topography Will Be Predicted Soon 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。这篇文章介绍了关于对南极大陆冰下地形的研究情况。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They expected to find mountains beneath the ice sheet, but the wide canyons they found between the mountains came as a surprise.”(他们本想在冰盖下找到山脉，但他们在两座山之间发现的 宽阔峡谷却让人大吃一惊。)可知，发现宽阔的峡谷是他们意想不到的。故选 B。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“ If this happens, the canyons could be a major factor in the speed and direction of ice flow from central Antarctica to the coast.”(如果发生这种情况，这些峡谷可能是影响南极中部冰流向海岸 的速度和方向的一个主要因素。)可知，峡谷很可能会影响冰的流动。故选 A。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段 “The event isn't likely to happen in the near future, but further study of Antarctica's topography will help scientists to better predict when it might.”(这一事件不太可能在近期发生，但对南极洲地 形的进一步研究将帮助科学家更好地预测它可能发生的时间。)可知，这项研究对南极洲地形的进一步研究 是有意义的。故选 C。 【7 题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Now, Earther reports that a team of scientists from Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands and the UK has published the most detailed data on the continent’s subglacial topography(冰川 下的地形)near the South Pole.”(现在，Earther 报道说，来自丹麦、挪威、荷兰和英国的一组科学家已经公 布了南极附近大陆冰下地形的最详细数据。)以及根据第二段“As they report in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, central Antarctica is home to three large canyons(峡谷), one of which is deeper than the Grand Canyon and nearly as wide at some points.” (正如他们在《地球物理研究快报》上报道的那样，南极洲中部有 三个大的峡谷，其中一个峡谷比大峡谷还要深，在某些地方几乎和大峡谷一样宽。)可知，这篇文章介绍了 对关于南极大陆冰下地形的研究情况。所以短文的最佳标题为“在冰原下面发现了巨大的峡谷”。故选 B 项。 C The Trades Union Congress(TUC) has urged the government to use high productivity from the greater use of robots and artificial intelligence to reverse(推翻) planned changes to the state retirement age. Before its annual congress in Brighton, the TUC said higher productivity thanks to technological innovation(革新) ought to bring greater benefits for working people. It said recent progress had mainly benefited business owners, rather than being shared across the workforce through better wages and working conditions. Frances O'Grady, the TUC general secretary, said: "Robots and Al could let us produce more for less, promoting national prosperity. But we need a debate about who benefits from this wealth, and how workers get a fair share." There have been previous waves of technological advances since the first Industrial Revolution, when inefficient jobs have been replaced by machines or the number of people required to do work has been reduced. Such advances have not led to a total loss of jobs, but have disturbed the type of work people do. There are concerns that the current stage of innovation could be more damaging, while the rewards from higher productivity have not necessarily led to higher wages. The latest available figures show low unemployment unseen since the mid-1970s, but growth in real wages remains negative. In 1950, almost one in three workers worked in manufacturing, while one in twelve worked in professional and technical services. By 2016 the proportions(比例) had changed completely, but in the communities which were affected, the jobs lost in manufacturing were not replaced by jobs of similar or better quality. Wages in former industrial areas were still 10% below the national average. The increase in the state retirement age by seven years, which was controversially(有争议的) brought forward by the Work and Pensions Secretary David Gauke, is expected to affect about 7 million people in their late 30s and early 40s. As well as reversing the proposal on the retirement age, the TUC said workers should be given the right to a midlife career review, while firms should invest more in workplace training. At present, the UK invests just half of the EU average, it said. O'Grady said: "Robots are not just terminators. Some of today's jobs will not survive, but new jobs will be created. We must make sure that tomorrow's jobs are no worse than today's." 8. According to the TUC, the use of robots and artificial intelligence should result in ______. A. technological advances B. higher levels of productivity C. benefits for working people D. more wealth of business owners 9. It can be inferred that the waves of technological advances ______. A. had a great influence on the labor structure B. tended to be more damaging than constructive C. were the outcome of the Industrial Revolution D. slowly raised the real income of working people 10. What can we learn about the proposal of David Gauke? A. It is strongly opposed by the TUC. B. It will help to create new types of jobs. C. It has produced a widespread influence. D. It reflects the real needs of economic growth. 11. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Technological innovation has contributed to people's wage increases. B. The government plans to delay retirement age, from which 7 million people will suffer. C. The use of robots and artificial intelligence is only beneficial to the national prosperity. D. O'Grady holds an idea that new jobs in the future must be ensured to be at least as good as today's. 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. A 11. D 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述英国劳工联合会敦促政府利用技术浪潮来高效推翻延迟退休七年的提案，来 为工人阶层谋福利。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Before its annual congress in Brighton, the TUC said higher productivity thanks to technological innovation(革新) ought to bring greater benefits for working people.(在布莱顿举行的年度大会之 前，英国劳工联合会表示，技术创新带来的生产力提高应该会给劳动人民带来更大的利益。)”可知，英国 劳工联合会认为，机器人和人工智能的使用的结果是应该为工人阶层带来福利。故选 C。 【9 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，自第一次工业革命以来，曾有过几次技术进步浪潮。在第一次工业革 命期间，效率低下的工作被机器取代，或者需要工作的人数减少了。这些进步并没有导致工作岗位的全部 流失，但扰乱了人们的工作类型，结合第五段中“In 1950, almost one in three workers worked in manufacturing, while one in twelve worked in professional and technical services. By 2016 the proportions(比例) had changed completely,(1950 年，几乎三分之一的工人在制造业工作，而十二分之一的工人在专业和技术服务行业工作。 到 2016 年，这一比例完全改变了，)”可以推断出技术进步的浪潮对劳动力结构有很大的影响。故选 A。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的前 2 句“The increase in the state retirement age by seven years, which was controversially(有争议的) brought forward by the Work and Pensions Secretary David Gauke, is expected to affect about 7 million people in their late 30s and early 40s. As well as reversing the proposal on the retirement age, the TUC said workers should be given the right to a midlife career review, while firms should invest more in workplace training.(将法定退休年龄提高 7 年，这一提议由就业和养老金大臣戴维·高克提出，引起了争议。预计这一 举措将影响到大约 700 万年龄在 30 岁左右和 40 岁出头的人。除了撤销关于退休年龄的提案外，英国劳工 联合会还表示，应该给予工人在中年时期重新审视职业生涯的权利，而企业应该在工作场所培训方面加大 投资。)”可知，David Gauke 提出的延迟退休七年的提案是有争议的，英国劳工联合会认为除了推翻这份 提案中有关退休年龄的问题，员工还应该获得中年职业复兴的权利，公司应该在工作场所培训方面投入更 多。由此可知，David Gauke 的提案遭到了英国劳工联合会的强烈反对。故选 A。 【11 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Some of today's jobs will not survive, but new jobs will be created. We must make sure that tomorrow's jobs are no worse than today's.(今天的一些工作将不复存在，但新的工作将被创造出来。 我们必须确保明天的工作不会比今天的差。)”可知，O'Grady 认为，未来的新工作必须确保至少和现在一 样好。故选 D。 D In New York City public schools, 176 different languages are spoken among the more than 1 million students. For 160,000 children, English is not their first language. New York's Department of Education makes learning better for these students by providing dual-language(双语) programmes. Students are taught in two languages, English and another one, like Russian or Chinese. Maths, social studies, science and all other regular courses are taught in both languages so that they could learn about the culture of the other countries. Milady Baez is Deputy Chancellor of English Language Learners and Student Support. She says, "The jobs of the future require that our students know more than one language. They are going to be travelling abroad; they are going to be communicating with people from all over the world. This will open doors for them." Middle-schoolers might not have jobs on their minds yet. For Kequing Jaing, she likes keeping up her first language, Mandarin. "It makes me feel that I am home because I can speak in Chinese and learn in Chinese, while learning in English. So it makes me feel better and makes me understand more about the task I'm learning." Anastasia Hudikova came to the United States when she was two years old. She says the Russian-English programme keeps her connected to her heritage(文化遗产) and her parents. The New York schools also offer dual-language programmes in seven other languages: Arabi, French, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Korean, Polish and Spanish. There are plans to add even more languages in the future. While these dual-language programmes are popular, educators in the US say that teaching English comes first. Anyway English is the official language of the United States. Studies show that children who learn English early will be more successful later. 12. Why are many courses of public schools in New York City taught in both languages？ A. To get the students to know about the cultures of other countries. B. To encourage more students to go abroad to study further. C. To attract more students to study in the public schools. D. To show the advantages of studying in the public schools. 13. How does the text introduce the fact that it's important to learn different languages？ A. By making comparisons B. By listing people's attitudes. C. By making the situation clear. D. By giving some numbers. 14. What can we infer from the last paragraph？ A. More languages have been added to the New York City schools. B. It's unnecessary to learn more languages in New York City. C. English should be a must though different languages are taught. D. English is spoken by the largest number of people in the world. 15. What is the best title of the passage？ A. English, Out of Date？ B. The Newest Fashion in New York City C. The Education in New York City D. Dual-language, to Be or Not？ 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了纽约市计划启动双语言项目，来帮助纽约的孩子们学习， 在纽约，不只是英语，还有俄语，汉语等等，他们不仅学习语言，还学习国家的历史文化。不同人的态度 说明了学习不同语言的重要性。 【12 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Students are taught in two languages, English and another one, like Russian or Chinese...that they could learn about the culture of the other countries.”(学校用两种语言教学生，一种是英语， 另一种是俄语或汉语。数学、社会科学、科学和所有其他常规课程都用两种语言教授，这样他们就能了解 其他国家的文化。)可知，纽约市用两种语言教学是为了让学生了解其他国家的文化，故选 A。 【13 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Milady Baez is Deputy Chancellor of English Language Learners and Student Support. She says, ‘The jobs of the future require that our students know more than one language. They are going to be travelling abroad; they are going to be communicating with people from all over the world. This will open doors for them.’”米拉迪·贝兹(Milady Baez)是负责英语学习者和学生支持的副校长。她说:“未来的工作要求我们 的学生掌握不止一种语言。他们要去国外旅行;他们将与来自世界各地的人们进行交流。这将为他们打开大 门。”第四段“Middle-schoolers might not have jobs on their minds yet. For Kequing Jaing, she likes keeping up her first language, Mandarin. ‘It makes me feel that I am home because I can speak in Chinese and learn in Chinese, while learning in English. So it makes me feel better and makes me understand more about the task I'm learning.’”中学生可能还没有工作的想法。对于姜克庆来说，她喜欢继续学习她的母语——普通话。“这 让我有家的感觉，因为我可以一边说中文，一边用英语学习中文。所以这让我感觉更好，也让我更了解我 正在学习的任务。”和第五段“Anastasia Hudikova came to the United States when she was two years old. She says the Russian-English programme keeps her connected to her heritage(文化遗产) and her parents.”安娜斯塔 西娅·胡迪科娃(Anastasia Hudikova)两岁时来到美国。她说，俄语-英语课程让她与自己的文化遗产和父母 保持联系。由此可知，文章通过列举人们的态度来介绍学不同语言的重要性。故选 B。 【14 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“While these dual-language programmes are popular, educators in the US say that teaching English comes first.”可知，尽管这些双语课程很受欢迎，但美国教育工作者表示，英语教学是第一 位的，是必修课。故选 C。 【15 题详解】 主旨大意题。作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了纽约市计划启动双语言项目，来帮助纽约的孩子们学习，在 纽约，不只是英语，还有俄语，汉语等等，他们不仅学习语言，还学习国家的历史文化。不同人的态度说 明了学习不同语言的重要性。所以，D 项 Dual-language, to Be or Not?(双语可行不可行？)可以作为本文的 最佳标题。故选 D。 二、阅读七选五(本大题共 5 小题，共 10.0 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。 Childhood obesity puts kids at risk for cardiovascular disease, bone and joint problems, sleep apnea, and potential social and psychological problems. ___16___ Of course, the CDC recommends healthy lifestyle choices—healthy eating, physical exercise. ___17___ That is to provide a safe and supportive environment where healthy lifestyle choices can be made. What don't kids need?___18___Too much focus on overweight leads toward more weight gain. A new data analysis of two studies found that children whose parents considered them to be “overweight" tended to gain more weight over 10 years than children whose parents considered them “normal weight". Children whose parents label them as “overweight" had a negative self-perception about their bodies. They were engaged in more attempts to lose weight. ___19___ The clear message from this study is that dieting is more likely to lead to weight gain, not weight loss, in both children and adults. Psychology researchers Eric Robinson and Angelina Sutin argue that the stigma of being labeled overweight as a child might actually gain weight in the future. ___20___ For the study, children's height and weight were measured at age 4 or 5, and parents were asked to describe whether they thought the children were best described as underweight, normal weight, overweight or very overweight. When the children were 12 or 13, they used images to best depict what they perceived their bodies to look like and were asked whether or not they engaged in any dieting behavior. Height and weight measurements were taken again when the children were 14 or 15 years old. A. Labels and pressure around weight and weight gain. B. Left untreated, these problems can continue into adulthood. C. They also point out another important way to keep kids healthy. D. The researchers cannot be certain about what is driving. E. They analyzed the data from a study of Australian children. F. But it actually contributed to weight gain over the 10-year period. G. A number of mothers in this study suffer from depression and anxiety. 【答案】16. B 17. C 18. A 19. F 20. E 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肥胖给儿童带来的不好的影响以及疾控中心推荐了健康的生活方式选择 健康的饮食、体育锻炼。 【16 题详解】 根据前一句“Childhood obesity puts kids at risk for cardiovascular disease, bone and joint problems, sleep apnea, and potential social and psychological problems.”可知，空格前讲儿童肥胖带来的不好的影响。B 项“如果不 加以治疗，这些问题会持续到成年”承接上文，符合语境。故选 B 项。 【17 题详解】 根 据 空 格 前 一 句 “Of course, the CDC recommends healthy lifestyle choices—healthy eating, physical exercise.”可知，当然，疾控中心推荐健康的生活方式选择健康的饮食、体育锻炼。C 项“他们还指出了另 一个保持孩子健康的重要方法”承接上文，且后面的代词“That”指 C 项的“another important way to keep kids healthy”。故选 C 项。 【18 题详解】 根据后一句“Too much focus on overweight leads toward more weight gain.”可知，过度关注超重会导致体重 增加。A 项“体重和体重增加的标签和压力”引出下文，且 A 中的“more weight gain”与后面的“more weight gain”相呼应。故选 A 项。 【19 题详解】 根据前一句“They were engaged in more attempts to lose weight.”可知，他们为了减肥尝试了更多。F 项“但 事实上，在过去的 10 年里，它对体重的增加起到了推波助澜的作用”承接上文，且 F 中的“weight gain over the 10-year period”与上文“gain more weight over 10 years”相呼应。故选 F 项。 【20 题详解】 根据后面的“For the study, children's height and weight were measured at age 4 or 5”可知，在这项研究中，儿 童的身高和体重是在 4 岁或 5 岁时测量的。E 项“他们从一项澳大利亚儿童的研究中分析了这个数据”引出 下文，且 E 中的“a study of Australian children”与上文中的“For the study”相呼应。故选 E 项。 三、完形填空(本大题共 20 小题，共 30.0 分) On his knees, a cute boy is packing the sand into a bucket at a beautiful beach. He turns the bucket upside down and ___21___ it. To the ___22___ of the little architect, a castle tower is created. He works all afternoon packing the walls, building sentries (哨兵)with bottle tops and bridges with sticks. And a sandcastle will be built. In a big city with ___23___ streets and traffic, a man is working in an office. He packs papers into piles, holds the phone between his ___24___ and shoulder and ___25___ the keyboard with his fingers. Contracts gets signed and to the joy of the man, a ___26___ is made. His pension will be sentries and capital gains will be ___27___ . An empire will be built. The two builders of the two castles have very much ___28___. They both ___29___smallness into greatness. They both make something beautiful out of _____30_____ . And for both, the tide will rise and the _____31_____ will come. Yet that is where the _____32_____ stop. The little boy sees the end of his castle while the man _____33_____ it. As the dusk approaches and waves near, the child _____34_____ to his feet and begins to clap as the waves wash away his _____35_____ . There is no sorrow, no _____36_____ and no regret. He smiles and goes home. The man in his office is not very _____37_____ like the child. As his empire is fading, he is terrified, trying to _____38_____ it. "It's my castle!” He _____39_____ at the incoming tide. Go ahead and build your dreams, but with a child's heart. When the sun _____40_____ and the tides take, just applaud. Salute the process of life and go home with a smile. 21. A. kicks B. lifts C. breaks D. covers 22. A. shock B. sorrow C. regret D. delight 23. A. lonely B. busy C. clean D. empty 24. A. hand B. neck C. arm D. ear 25. A. fixs B. feels C. hits D. checks 26. A. profit B. point C. record D. wish 27. A. bridges B. tool C. buckets D. beaches 28. A. in hand B. in common C. in need D. in total 29. A. increase B. cut C. shape D. throw 30. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 31. A. award B. victor C. future D. end 32. A. similarities B. competitions C. differences D. changes 33. A. follows B. accepts C. ignores D. enjoys 34. A. jumps B. struggles C. sticks D. bends 35. A. dream B. gift C. masterpiece D. memory 36. A. excitement B. hesitation C. fear D. desire 37. A. wise B. naughty C. curious D. pessimistic 38. A. finish B. protect C. improve D. collect 39. A. glances B. stares C. yells D. points 40. A. sets B. shines C. rises D. bums 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. C 36. C 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. A 【解析】 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过男孩建造沙堡和男人在工作中创造自己的帝国进行对比，当海浪来临时， 男孩面对自己的杰作被冲走，拍手跳跃，而男人则是恐惧，文章启示我们凡事只要用心了，享受了过程， 结局就随潮起潮落，这都是生命的过程。 【21 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一个美丽的海滩上，一个可爱的男孩正跪在地上把沙子装进桶里。他把水桶 倒过来提了起来。A. kicks 踢腿；B. lifts 提起；C. breaks 打破；D. covers 覆盖。根据后文男孩在搭建城堡可 知，他是将水桶口朝下举了起来。故选 B 项。 【22 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：让这位小建筑师高兴的是，一座城堡的塔楼被创造出来了。A. shock 震惊；B. sorrow 痛苦；C. regret 后悔；D. delight 快乐。沙堡堆好了，所以是高兴的。故选 D 项。 【23 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一个街道交通繁忙的大城市，一个男人正在办公室工作。A. lonely 孤独的； B. busy 忙的；C. clean 干净的；D. empty 空的。根据空前的“big city”可知，街道和交通是繁忙的。故选 B 项。 【24 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把文件堆成一堆，把电话夹在耳朵和肩膀之间，余下的用手指敲击键盘。A. hand 手；B. neck 脖子；C. arm 胳膊；D. ear 耳朵。由前文的“hold the phone”可知，男人是在接电话，所以是 放在耳边。故选 D 项。 【25 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把文件堆成一堆，把电话夹在耳朵和肩膀之间，余下的用手指敲击键盘。A. fixs 修理；B. feels 感受；C. hits 打击，敲打；D. checks 检查。根据后文的“keyboard 键盘”可知，这里是敲打 键盘。故选 C 项。 【26 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：合同签订了，让他高兴的是，一笔利润到手了。A. profit 利润；B. point 点；C. record 记录；D. wish 希望。由前文的“contracts 合同”可知，这个男人在谈生意，签了合同，所以盈利就到手了。 故选 A 项。 【27 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的养老金将成为岗哨，资本收益将成为桥梁。A. bridges 桥梁；B. tool 工具； C. buckets 桶；D. beaches 沙滩。根据第一段末尾“building sentries with bottle tops and bridges with sticks.” 可知，此处 sentries 和 bridges 照应前文。故选 A 项。 【28 题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：这两座城堡的建造者有许多共同之处。A. in hand 在手中；B. in common 共 同的；C. in need 需要；D. in total。根据后文的 they both 可知，两者是有共同点。故选 B 项。 【29 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们都能把渺小塑造成伟大。A. increase 增加；B. cut 切；C. shape 形状；D. throw 扔。根据前文男孩搭建城堡可知，是把渺小的沙子搭成城堡。故选 C 项。 【30 题详解】 考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：它们都能从虚无中创造美好。A. something 某物；B. anything 任何事；C. everything 每件事；D. nothing 没有什么。沙子本来都是没有意义的东西，但是搭建成了城堡，所以是 nothing。 故选 D 项。 【31 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于两者来说，潮水会上涨，末日会到来。A. award 奖赏；B. victor 胜利者；C. future 未来；D. end 结尾。根据语境，潮水上涨，沙堡会被淹没，一切都会结束，下文的“end of his castle” 和“his empire is fading”亦是提示。故选 D 项。 【32 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，相似之处就止于此。A. similarities 相同点；B. competitions 竞赛；C. differences 不同点；D. changes 改变。根据上文一切都会结束，这也正是相似之处就止于此。故选 A 项。 【33 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：小男孩看到了他的城堡的尽头，而男人却忽略了它。A. follows 跟随；B. accepts 接受；C. ignores 忽视；D. enjoys 享受。由下文小男孩对自己被毁的沙堡和那个男士对待自己衰落的帝国的 不同态度可知，小男孩看到了他城堡的结局，而那个男士则忽视了。此处 while 表示前后的对比。故选 C 项。 【34 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当暮色降临，海浪袭来时，孩子跳起来，开始拍手，海浪把他的杰作冲走了。A. jumps 跳跃；B. struggles 挣扎；C. sticks 坚持；D. bends 弯腰。根据后文的 feet 可知，此处应选 jumps，表 示孩子跳了起来。故选 A 项。 【35 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当暮色降临，海浪袭来时，孩子跳起来，开始拍手，海浪把他的杰作冲走了。A. dream 梦想；B. gift 礼物；C. masterpiece 杰作；D. memory 记忆。这里是冲走了沙堡，也是小男孩的杰作。 故选 C 项。 【36 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有悲伤没有恐惧和遗憾。A. excitement 激动；B. hesitation 犹豫；C. fear 恐惧； D. desire 渴望。前文说小男孩跳起来拍手，所以这里是不害怕海浪冲走了沙堡。故选 C 项。 【37 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在办公室的男人不像这个孩子一样明智。A. wise 明智的；B. naughty 淘气的； C. curious 好奇的；D. pessimistic 悲观的。根据上文“The little boy sees the end of his castle while the man ignore it”可知，小男孩看到了他的城堡的尽头，而男人却忽略了它。那个男士忽视了创造的东西总有结束的一天， 因此他并不像那个孩子一样明智。故选 A 项。 【38 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的帝国正在衰落，他很害怕，试图保护它。A. finish 结束；B. protect 保护；C. improve 提高；D. collect 收集。随着他的帝国日渐衰落，他感到恐惧，所以要去保护它。故选 B 项。 【39 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他对着即将到来的海浪叫喊：“这是我的城堡”。A. glances 瞥；B. stares 盯着； C. yells 呼喊；D. points 指。根据上文那个男士非常恐惧自己的帝国衰落，所以是对着海浪叫喊。故选 C 项。 【40 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当太阳落山，潮水来袭，只是鼓掌。A. sets 落沉；B. shines 闪耀；C. rises 升起； D. burns 燃烧。由下文的“the tides take”和“go home”可知，此处指太阳落下。故选 A 项。 第 II 卷(非选择题) 四、任务型读写(本大题共 1 小题，共 25.0 分) 41. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整故事。续写的词数应为 150 词左右。 The big Town Hall clock was striking midnight when Frank began to cross the bridge. The dark night air was cold and a little wet, and the street lamp gave little light. Frank was anxious to get home and his footsteps rang loudly on the silent night. When he reached the middle of the bridge, he thought he could hear someone coming near behind him. He looked back but could see no one. However , the sound continued and Frank began to walk more quickly. Then he slowed down again , thinking there was nothing to fear in a town as quiet as this. Just then , he heard short , quick steps closely behind him. By the time he reached the other side of the bridge , he could almost feel someone at his heels. He turned round and there stood a man in a large coat. A hat was pulled down over his eyes and very little of his face could be seen. Frank said something about the weather in an effort to be friendly. The man did not answer but asked roughly where Oakfield House was. Frank pointed to a big house in the distance and the stranger continued his way. Then Frank wondered why the stranger had wanted to find Oakfield House at such an hour. He knew that the people who lived there were very rich. Almost without realizing what he was doing , he began following the stranger quickly. The man was soon outside the house and Frank saw him look up at the windows. A light was still on and the man waited until it went out. When about half an hour had passed, Frank saw him climb noiselessly over the wall and heard him drop on the ground at the other side. Paragraph 1: Now Frank knew what the man wanted to do. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Frank couldn’t just stand in the dark and wait. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Paragraph 1: Now Frank knew what the man wanted to do．Everyone knew that Oakfield House was filled with artwork worth millions of dollars. It was clear to Frank that the family inside was in danger. Would the man have a weapon? Would he be strong enough to overpower him before he could harm the people inside? Frank’s heart was racing with fear. He reached for his cellphone to call the police, but found it out of power. If only he had charged his phone before leaving the office, but it was too late. Paragraph 2: Frank couldn’t just stand in the dark and wait. He had to do something, even if it meant risking his own life. At his feet he silently found several good-sized stones, and he threw them with all his strength right at the windows of the house. The clatter woke up the people inside the house and a light came on upstairs. The man froze, not quite knowing what had just happened. Lights came on everywhere in the house and within a minute the night was filled with sounds of police sirens screaming towards Oakfield House. 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达是读后续写。根据所给的两个段首句，来续写一个完整的故事。 【详解】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读所给文章可知，午夜时分 Frank 走在路上，总感觉有人跟着自 己，他放慢脚步，发现一个身穿大衣，帽檐遮脸的人，Frank 与其交谈，试图表现出镇定的样子，而那人并 不理睬，只顾着问 Oakfield House 怎么走。Frank 好奇陌生人为什么这么晚要去 Oakfield House，并且住在 那里的人非常富有。想到这些，Frank 决定悄悄跟随谋生人看他到底要做什么，在 Oakfield House 外，Frank 看到陌生人等灯全熄灭后翻墙进入了 Oakfield House 里面…… 根据段落首句，确定段落走向。 续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：现在 Frank 知道这个男人要干什么了。可能 Frank 猜出这个男子是盗贼。 接下来 Frank 会做什么呢？第二段开头是：Frank 不能站在那里干等。他又在等什么呢？很有可能 Frank 报 了案，他认为不能干等着警察来。所以第一段续写 Frank 报案，第二段 Frank 接下来采取了什么措施，最后 盗贼被擒住。 【点睛】本文续写情节合情合理，内容拓展丰富，并且运用了丰富多变的句式：如 It was clear to Frank that the family inside was in danger. 此句运用了 it 做形式主语；If only he had charged his phone before leaving the office, but it was too late.此句运用了虚拟语气；He had to do something, even if it meant risking his own life.此 句运用了让步状语从句……为文章增色添彩。 五、书面表达(本大题共 1 小题，共 25.0 分) 42. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友 Linda 很喜欢中国丝绸。正巧你市于 4 月 20 日至 26 日举行“中国丝绸文 化节”，你想邀请她同去，请你给她写一封电子邮件，内容包括： (1)写信目的； (2)介绍文化节(主题、展览品、意义等)； (3)约定见面时间、地点。 注意：(1)词数 80 左右； (2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Linda, ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Linda, Knowing that you are interested in Chinese silk, I am writing to invite you to a Chinese Silk Culture Festival to be held from April 20th to 26th in the City Hall. Its theme is "China surprises the world with splendid silk". At the festival, besides the knowledge of silk history, various delicate silk products will be shown, among which are some elegant silk dresses.Not only can we broaden our horizons at the festival but also we are more likely to make a quantity of friends from diverse backgrounds. Would it be convenient for you to come if we meet at 9 a.m. on April 20th at the entrance of the City Hall? I'd appreciate it if you could confirm your coming at your earliest convenience. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友 Linda 写封邮件，因她喜欢中国丝绸，邀请她同去参观市里 于 4 月 20 日至 26 日举办的 “中国丝绸文化节”。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时,少量现在进行时。 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 1. 写信目的； 2. 介绍文化节； 1)主题 2)展览品 3)意义 3. 约定见面时间、地点。 第二步:列提纲 (重点词组) be interested in Chinese silk; a Chinese Silk Culture Festival; from April 20th to 26th; its theme; "China surprises the world with splendid silk"; the knowledge of silk history; various delicate silk products; some elegant silk dresses; broaden our horizons; make a quantity of friends; meet at 9 a.m. on April 20th at the entrance of the City Hall 第三步：连词成句 1. Knowing that you are interested in Chinese silk, I am writing to invite you to a Chinese Silk Culture Festival to be held from April 20th to 26th in the City Hall. 2. Its theme is "China surprises the world with splendid silk". 3. At the festival, besides the knowledge of silk history, various delicate silk products will be shown, among which are some elegant silk dresses. 4. Not only can we broaden our horizons at the festival but also we are more likely to make a quantity of friends from diverse backgrounds. 5. Would it be convenient for you to come if we meet at 9 a.m. on April 20th at the entrance of the City Hall? 6. I'd appreciate it if you could confirm your coming at your earliest convenience. 根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇(衔接词)(供参考) 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including, 3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 【点睛】[高分句型 1] Knowing that you are interested in Chinese silk, I am writing to invite you to a Chinese Silk Culture Festival to be held from April 20th to 26th in the City Hall.(现在分词作状语) [高分句型 2] At the festival, besides the knowledge of silk history, various delicate silk products will be shown, among which are some elegant silk dresses.(介词+which 引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型 3] Not only can we broaden our horizons at the festival but also we are more likely to make a quantity of friends from diverse backgrounds.(半倒装句)