专题08+阅读填空（练）-2019年高考英语二轮复习讲练测 12页

‎1.(2018·北京)‎ Why Do We Get Angry？‎ Anger seems simple when we are feeling it，but the causes of anger are various.Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior，and correct bad habits.The main reasons we get angry are triggering(触发)events，personality traits(特征)，and our assessment of situations. __1.F__ ‎ Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages.However，here are some examples：being cut off in traffic，a deadline approaching，experiencing physical pain，and much more. __2.G__ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.‎ Each person，no matter who they are，has psychological imbalances.People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. __3.E__ Also，sometimes pre－anger does not have to do with a lasting condition，but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.‎ ‎ __4.A__ Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre－anger，or anger itself.Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.‎ ‎ __5.D__ However，anger can easily turn violent，and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence.With these main reasons in mind，we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.‎ A．Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.‎ B．But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.‎ C．Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait，and is usually advised to reduce it.‎ D．Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.‎ E．Having these personality traits implies the pre－anger state，where anger is in the background of your mind.‎ F．Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.‎ G．Not everyone acts the same in response to events，and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了人生气的几种原因。人们通过了解生气的原因，可以控制好自己的情绪而不去生气，由此减少生气对自己造成的危害。 ‎ ‎❶　解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。 由空前的the main reasons锁定选项F中的these reasons。结合上下文内容可知，作者提到了一些引发生气的原因，理解这些原因有助于我们控制生气。‎ ‎❹　解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。由空后的situations，create锁定选项A中的on situations can create anger within us，即对于某些情况的态度和看法是生气的原因。‎ ‎❺　解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。由空后表转折的副词however以及 anger can easily turn violent可知，因为生气容易转变为暴力，所以作者不赞同生气，即使有理由生气。选项D中提到“人们认为有理由去生气”，显然它可以放在空格中构成前后文意思的转折。故选D。‎ ‎2. (2018·浙江)‎ Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience.Of course，you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood.The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. __1.G__ ‎ Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat，clean，and in good repair. __2.F__ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape，you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.‎ Second，take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously.When going for a walk，take along a small garbage bag. __3.E__ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.‎ ‎ __4.B__ If a neighbor is going to be out of town，offer to collect mail and newspapers.If a neighbor suffers an illness，offer to do the grocery shopping.Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable，while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.‎ ‎ __5.C__ By following the basic rules of respecting others，taking care of what belongs to you，and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general，you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.‎ A．In general，keep an eye on their property while they are gone.‎ B．A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.‎ C．Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.‎ D．Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.‎ E．Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car，pick it up.‎ F．People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.‎ G．Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个帮你迅速赢得新邻居欣赏的小技巧。本文为“总—分”结构，从四个方面说明了如何做个好邻居。‎ ‎❶　解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。通读全文可知，本文是“总—分”结构。由第二段中的“...one of the ‎ most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep...”以及第三段的second可知，本题选G，也就是本文的主题句。‎ ‎❹　解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。由本段中的you are there to help in any way可知，选B项“一个好邻居也是一个在小的方面乐于助人的人”。‎ ‎❺　解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。空后的respecting others，taking care of，taking pride in都是替别人着想的表现，故C项符合语境。 ‎ ‎7. (2017年11月浙江)‎ How to Remember What You Read Reading is important.But the next step is making sure that you remember what you’ve read！ __1.D__ You may have just read the text，but the ideas，concepts and images (形象)may fly right out of your head.Here are a few tricks for remembering what you read.‎ ‎● __2.A__ ‎ If the plot，characters，or word usage is confusing for you，you likely won’t be able to remember what you read.It’s a bit like reading a foreign language.If you don’t understand what you’re reading，how would you remember it？ But there are a few things you can do...Use a dictionary； look up the difficult words.‎ ‎●Are you connected？‎ Does a character remind you of a friend？ Does the setting make you want to visit the place？ Does the book inspire you，and make you want to read more？ With some books，you may feel a connection right away. __3.F__ How willing are you to make the connections happen？‎ ‎●Read it； hear it； be it！‎ Read the lines.Then，speak them out loud.And，put some character into the words.When he was writing his novels，Charles Dickens would act out the parts of the characters.He’d make faces in the mirror，and change his voice for each character. __4.G__ ‎ ‎●How often do you read？‎ If you read frequently，you’ll likely have an easier time with remembering what you’re reading (and what you’ve read). __5.B__ As you make reading a regular part of your life，you’ll make more connections，stay more focused and understand the text better.You’ll learn to enjoy literature—as you remember what you read！‎ A．Are you confused？‎ B．Practice makes perfect.‎ C．What’s your motivation？‎ D．Memory is sometimes a tricky thing.‎ E．Marking helps you remember what you read.‎ F．But other books require a bit more work on your part.‎ G．You can do the same thing when you are reading the text！‎ 文章大意：本文主要介绍了记住阅读过的内容的技巧。‎ ‎❷　解析：本空是段落主题句。由“If the plot，characters，or word usage is confusing for you，you likely won’t be able to remember what you read”可知，该段主题与处理一些令人困惑的信息有关，故A选项与此处匹配。‎ ‎❸　解析：根据空前的“With some books，you may feel a connection right away”可知，读有些书时，你可以很快建立联系；空后一句提到“你有多大意愿让这些联系发生”，故F项“但是(阅读)其他书对你的要求更多一些”与前后句衔接紧密。故选F项。‎ ‎❹　解析：本空是段落结尾句。由本段内容可知，大声读出来所阅读的材料并加以演绎也是一个技巧。本段又以狄更斯写作时演绎自己作品中的角色为例来说明我们也可以这样做，所以选G项。‎ ‎❺　解析：根据空前的“If you read frequently，you’ll likely have an easier time with remembering”和空后的“As you make reading a regular part of your life”可知，有规律的阅读可以让记忆变得更加轻松，即“熟能生巧”，所以选B项。‎ ‎8. (2017·全国Ⅲ)‎ Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock.In fact，the key to easy morning wake－up lies in resetting your body clock. __1.C__ Here is how to make one.‎ ‎ ● __2.B__ In order to make a change，you need to decide why it’s important.Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family，get in some exercise，or just be better prepared for your day？ Once you are clear about your reasons，tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.‎ ‎●Rethink mornings.Now that you know why you want to wake up，consider re－arranging your morning activities.If you want time to have breakfast with your family，save some time the night before by setting out clothes，shoes，and bags. __3.G__ That’s a quarter－hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.‎ ‎●Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends.If you’re tired out by Friday night，sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful.But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week，a recent study found. __4.F__ ‎ ‎●Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel.After you’ve tried a new method for a week，take a look at your record. __5.E__ If not，take another look at other methods you could try.‎ A．Get a sleep specialist.‎ B．Find the right motivation.‎ C．A better plan for sleep can help.‎ D．And consider setting a second alarm.‎ E．If the steps you take are working，keep it up.‎ F．Stick to your set bedtime and wake－up time，no matter the day.‎ G．Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the café to get coffee.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何做计划建立好生物钟，保持早睡早起的好习惯。‎ ‎❸　解析：考查前后句的连贯。本段最后一句谈到如果买咖啡机自己弄咖啡，早上可以多睡一会儿，因此前一句应该要与咖啡有关，本空选G。‎ ‎❹　解析：考查前后句的连贯。本段谈到周末起床、睡觉的时间应该和平常一致，不然周末多睡反而会增加接下来工作日的睡意。F项中的no matter the day指的就是周末也应该和工作日的作息一致。因此本空选F。‎ ‎❺　解析：考查前后句的连贯。本段谈到对自己所做的计划要记录、评价和调整。本空后的If not说明前面是讨论计划有效就应该坚持，因此选E。‎ ‎ 9.[2016·全国卷Ⅰ] ‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 ‎ Secret codes(密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer. ‎ People have used secret codes for thousands of years. __36__ Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. ‎ There are three main types of cryptography. __37__ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me”．‎ ‎__38__ You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let's number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13‎ ‎ 5.”‎ A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. __39__ For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”. __40__ However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently. ‎ A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book. ‎ B．In any language, some letters are used more than others. ‎ C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message. ‎ D．As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. ‎ E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. ‎ F．With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. ‎ G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了密码的设置方法和破解方法。‎ ‎38．G　考查推理判断及语境理解。根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法，故判断G选项符合语境。‎ ‎39．F　考查推理判断及语境理解。根据后面的举例以及前句中的 a code book可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使用，故判断F选项可以起到承上启下的作用。‎ ‎40．A　考查推理判断及语境理解。根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本密码书也很难长时间的保密，故判断A选项符合语境。‎ ‎10.[2016·全国卷Ⅱ] ‎ A garden that's just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? __16__. But it doesn't happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening ‎ process. ‎ ‎●__17__‎ Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of colour. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). __18__. However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. ‎ ‎●Recall(回忆) your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that's not what's important. __19__—how being in those gardens made us feel. If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. __20__. Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grownup garden. Have fun. ‎ A. Know why you garden B. Find a good place for your own garden C. It's our experience of the garden that matters D. It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G．For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have ‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何建造一个属于自己的美丽花园。‎ ‎17．A　考查语境理解及主题句。综合本段的信息，尤其是“…there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知，我们首先要明白自己为什么要建造这个花园，这与A的意义一致。‎ ‎18．E　考查上下文的语境理解。根据空格前面的“Some people may think that a garden is no more…Others are concerned about using gardening methods…”可知，有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，另一些人则关心使用更少的水和更少的肥料。因此此处仍然是在说人们对于园艺有着不同的看法，这与E项的内容一致。 ‎ ‎14.【2014全国卷Ⅰ】‎ 第二节 （共3小题，每小题3分，满分15分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎ The jobs of the future have not been invented, 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.  1. Curiosity  Your children need to be deeply curious. 37 Ask kids, “What ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?  2. Creativity  True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. 38 There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their Creativity.  3. Interpersonal Skills  Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what is going on inside our own head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 39 “Why do you think she is crying?” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?” 4. Self Expression  40 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas ¡ª music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.  A. Encourage kids to cook with you.  B. And we can’t forget science education.  C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.  D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?  E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.  F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.  G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill. ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【小题1】D ‎【小题2】A ‎【小题3】C ‎【小题4】F ‎【小题5】G ‎【解析】‎ ‎15．【2014全国卷Ⅱ】‎ 第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容， 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule From my experience , there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often :ability , money , and time 36 .Money is a topic I’ll save for another day .So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spent in the kitchen .Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule :‎ 1. Think ahead .The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there’s nothing ready to eat .So think ahead of the coming week .When will you have time to cook ?Do you have the right materials already ? 37 .‎ 1. Make your time worth it .When you do find time to cook a meal , make the most of it and save yourself time later on .Are you making one loaf of bread ? 38 .It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something .So save yourself the effort for future meal .‎ 2. ‎39 This may surprise you , but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation .It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.‎ Hopefully that gives you a good start. 40_______ And don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!‎ A. Try new things.‎ B. Ability is easily improved.‎ C. Make three or four instead.‎ D. Understand your food better.‎ E. Cooking is a burden for many people.‎ F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.‎ G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.‎