2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit1Alandofdiversity课后达标检测 人教版选修8 8页

Unit 1 A land of diversity ‎ (建议用时：40分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·辽宁五校联考)In a longsleeved shirt and jeans, Dieudonne Twahirwa looks nothing like the traditional African farmer. The 30yearold owner of Gashora Farm knows what a difference that makes.‎ ‎“You need more role models，” he said, standing among kneehigh rows of chilli(辣椒) plants. “If you have young farmers, having land and driving to the farm, others may think, ‘Why can’t I do that？’”‎ Mr. Twahirwa, a university graduate, bought a friend’s tomato farm six years ago for $150. He made $1，500 back in two months. “You have to link farming with entrepreneurship and real numbers，” he said.‎ Many young Africans are abandoning areas in the countryside, choosing not to work hard and for a long time in the fields—a job made tougher by climate change.‎ But Twahirwa is one of the growing band of successful farmers working to make agriculture’s image on the continent more attractive. Some 1，000 farmers now produce chillies for him. He is starting a fourth farm of his own, and exports fresh and dried chillies and oil to Britain, the United States, India, and Kenya.‎ Africa has the world’s youngest population and 65 percent of its uncultivated arable land(耕地后备资源). Yet accessing land and loans is difficult, and African productivity is low with crop yields just 56 percent of the international average.‎ ‎“Agriculture is mainly associated with suffering and no young person wants to suffer，” said Tamara Kaunda. She believes African agriculture needs a change to get rid of its oldfashioned image of very hard and tiring work with a hoe. “Show young people tractors, green fields, nice irrigation systems and smartphones，” she said.‎ Getting young people involved in agriculture does not mean they have to work on a farm. For example, in coffee production, the beans go from the farm to the washing station, then to be separated from the husks(外壳)．‎ ‎【解题导语】　非洲青年Dieudonne Twahirwa从事农业生产，他通过自己的努力，‎ 8‎ 获得了巨大的回报；非洲有世界上最年轻的人群与大量的耕地后备资源，但是由于气候与农业技术的落后，很多年轻人都不愿意从事农业；Dieudonne Twahirwa则为非洲青年树立了榜样。‎ ‎1．What does “Why can’t I do that？” in paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．Why can’t I drive to the farm?‎ B．Why can’t they farm?‎ C．They follow the example of those farmers.‎ D．They bought a friend’s tomato farm.‎ C　解析：句意理解题。根据第二段中的“If you have young farmers, having land and driving to the farm, others may think, ‘Why can’t I do that？’”可知，此处表示如果你有年轻的农民，他们有土地，而且开车去农场，其他人可能会想：“为什么我不能那样做？”该句意在表明其他人认为他们可以效仿那些农民的做法。故选C。‎ ‎2．What makes it harder for farmers to work?‎ A．Poor land.　　　　　　　　 B．Climate change.‎ C．Low income. D．Long working hours.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Many young Africans are abandoning areas in the countryside...a job made tougher by climate change.”可知，在非洲，让农民的劳动难度更大的原因是气候变化。故选B。‎ ‎3．What can we learn about Twahirwa according to paragraph 5?‎ A．He made a fortune by growing chillies.‎ B．His chillies are superb in the world.‎ C．Farmers working for him live a simple life.‎ D．The locals aren’t willing to buy his chillies.‎ A　解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Some 1，000 farmers now produce chillies for him. He is starting a fourth farm of his own”可推知，Twahirwa通过种植红辣椒赚了很多钱。故选A。‎ ‎4．When it comes to agriculture in Africa, what do people think about it?‎ A．Loans are difficult.‎ B．Most land is uncultivated.‎ C．Crop yields are rather low.‎ D．Farming methods are out of date.‎ D　解析：推理判断题。根据第七段中的“African agriculture needs a change to get rid of its oldfashioned image of very hard and tiring work with a hoe”可知，非洲农业需要改变，以摆脱其传统的形象：使用锄头的非常辛苦和累人的工作。由此可知，当谈及非洲的农业时，‎ 8‎ 人们想到的是落后的耕作方法。故选D。A、B、C三项均为非洲农业的实际情况，不是人们对其的看法。‎ B ‎(2020·济南高三模拟)The United States Congress is responsible for making and approving federal laws—rules that everyone in the country must follow. But exactly how do those laws get made? The process is not easy, and it takes a long time.‎ A law begins when someone puts forward an idea. The idea can come from anyone, but it has to get to a US lawmaker who wants it to become legislation(法律). In time, the idea is further developed into a written proposal, called a bill.‎ Then, a member of Congress officially proposes the bill. After the bill is introduced, it is sent to a small group of lawmakers, called a “committee”. Sometimes committee members seek more information about the proposal by holding hearings. Sometimes the committee changes the bill. Sometimes it decides not to take any action. In that case, we say lawmakers “table” the bill, or let it “die in the committee”．‎ But now and then, the bill is offered to lawmakers not on the committee. Those lawmakers debate the bill further. They might change the bill again. Finally, the full House or Senate votes on the bill. If it does not earn the majority of votes, the bill does not advance.‎ Finally, the agreedupon bill is sent to the president. If the president signs it, the bill becomes a law. If the president does nothing and Congress is officially meeting, the bill becomes a law. But if the president does nothing and Congress is not in session, the bill does not pass. Or the president can officially reject the bill. If that happens, the bill is not stopped. Instead, it is returned to both the Senate and the House. If twothirds of the senators and twothirds of the House members approve the bill once again, even with the president objecting, they turn the bill into a law.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了美国法律的制定过程。‎ ‎5．Who is the first to propose a bill?‎ A．A lawyer.　　　　　　 B．A citizen.‎ C．A member of Congress. D．A committee member.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Then, a member of Congress officially proposes the bill.”可知，第一个提出议案的人是国会成员。故选C。‎ ‎6．When does a bill finally become a law?‎ 8‎ A．After it is sent to a committee.‎ B．When the president signs it.‎ C．After it returns to the Congress.‎ D．While Congress is not in session.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“If the president signs it, the bill becomes a law.”可知，如果总统签署了一致同意的议案，那么该议案就成了一项法律。‎ ‎7．What can be inferred from the text?‎ A．Not every bill can be turned into a law.‎ B．Anybody can put forward a proposal.‎ C．If “tabled”， the bill has to be voted on.‎ D．Once proposed, the bill can’t be changed.‎ A　解析：推理判断题。根据对全文的整体理解，尤其是最后三段的内容可知，一项议案最终变成法律需要走很多程序，在这些程序中议案有可能被搁置或被否决，由此可推知，并不是每一项议案都会变成法律。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2020·潍坊统一考试)Sitting at a table in my school cafeteria, I looked around, slowly taking in everything. For the first time in my life, I __1__ that I had been seeing without really seeing for the past two years.‎ Student after student passed my __2__ carrying that day’s lunch, but if you looked deeper, there was more to __3__. There was more than just the uniform they were wearing, or the way they had styled their__4__ that day. There was a lot more hidden under the __5__．‎ Catching the eyes of a girl in my grade sitting at a nearby table, I __6__ politely. She smiled __7__ and then continued to pick at the spaghetti in front of her. If I hadn’t __8__ recently that her mother was dying of leukemia, I would have never __9__ anything was wrong and I may not have been as__10__ and sympathetic, either. It suddenly __11__ me that we judge others too quickly without knowing the whole story. I realized that everyone may have something __12__ they are facing in their lives.‎ I have an incurable lung disease. No one at our school knows—I don’t show any noticeable __13__ except for a few coughs here and there. I go about my day like any other kid, __14__ with the realization that I have a __15__ and terrifying future.‎ Before that day when I decided to __16__ the world with a new perspective, I __17__ myself almost every day. I thought only about myself and my heavy __18__. ‎ 8‎ But I’ve now realized that I am not the only one __19__： Everyone has their own mountain to face. No one is __20__—we just need to accept the way we are.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文主要讲述了作者观察生活而进行反思的故事，启迪读者要正确看待生活中的不幸。‎ ‎1．A.promised　　　　　　　 B．realized C．pretended D．joked B　解析：根据上文中的“I looked around, slowly taking in everything”及“For the first time in my life”可知，作者意识到(realized)了些什么，故选B。‎ ‎2．A.order B．room C．table D．cafeteria C　解析：空处与上文中的“Sitting at a table in my school cafeteria”呼应，可知此处指的是学生们路过作者所坐的餐桌(table)，故选C。‎ ‎3．A.observe B．imagine C．compare D．exchange A　解析：空处与上文中的“but if you looked deeper”呼应，可知此处表示作者认为有更多有待观察(observe)的东西。‎ ‎4．A.diet B．clothing C．bicycle D．hair D　解析：空处根据上文中的“the uniform they were wearing, or the way they had styled their”可知，此处表示学生们的发型，故选D。‎ ‎5．A.surface B．uniform C．rules D．circumstances A　解析：根据常识可知，学生的制服和发型都是外在的(surface)东西，且空处与下文中的“we judge others too quickly without knowing the whole story”呼应，故选A。‎ ‎6．A.said B．moved C．waved D．bowed C　解析：根据下文中的“She smiled”可知，作者给一个女孩打了招呼(waved)，对方以微笑回应。‎ ‎7．A.casually B．weakly C．happily D．impatiently B　解析：空处与下文“her mother was dying of leukemia”呼应，可知女孩因为母亲病重而勉强地(weakly)对作者笑了笑。‎ ‎8．A.found B．noticed C．heard D．decided 8‎ C　解析：根据语境可知，作者听说(heard)了这个女孩家里的不幸。‎ ‎9．A.suspected B．remembered C．predicted D．regretted A　解析：根据语境可知，作者本不会觉得(suspected)有什么不正常的。‎ ‎10．A.outstanding B．willing C．demanding D．understanding D　解析：空处与下文中的“sympathetic”呼应，可知作者对对方表示谅解(understanding)和同情，故选D。‎ ‎11．A.escaped B．satisfied C．hit D．attracted C　解析：根据语境可知，此处表示作者突然意识到，我们会在不知道整个故事的情况下迅速对其他人作出评价，故选C。hit意为“使突然意识到”。‎ ‎12．A.extra B．valuable C．common D．tough D　解析：根据语境可知，在生活中每个人都可能会面临困境。故选D。‎ ‎13．A.symptoms B．diseases C．complaints D．weaknesses A　解析：根据语境及下文中的“except for a few coughs”可知，此处指的是一些不为人注意的症状(symptoms)。‎ ‎14．A.and B．but C．or D．so B　解析：根据语境可知，前后两句是逻辑上的转折关系，故选B。‎ ‎15．A.bright B．dark C．real D．serious B　解析：空处与下文中的“terrifying”呼应，此处表示因为难以治愈的疾病，作者认为自己的前途变得黑暗(dark)和可怕，故选B。‎ ‎16．A.change B．create C．view D．tolerate ‎ C　解析：根据上文中的“looked around”和“looked deeper”可知，作者一直在观察生活，而在那天之后作者以一种新角度看待(view)世界，故选C。‎ ‎17．A.pitied B．forgave C．challenged D．encouraged A　解析：根据语境及下文中的“I thought only about myself and my heavy ______．”可知，作者曾经因为自己的病而怜悯(pitied)自己，故选A。‎ 8‎ ‎18．A.debt B．reward C．burden D．workload C　解析：根据语境及空前的“heavy”可知，不可治愈的病是作者沉重的负担(burden)，故选C。‎ ‎19．A.blessed B．favored C．laughing D．suffering D　解析：根据下文中的“Everyone has their own mountain to face”可知，每个人都有他们要经历(suffering)的困境，故选D。‎ ‎20．A.changeable B．perfect C．unique D．different B　解析：根据语境可知，每个人都不完美(perfect)，都有自己要应对的困境，我们只是需要接受自己原本的样子，故选B。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎(2020·郑州高三质检)Hearing you’re worried the coming exam, I can quite understand you because we’re in the same boat. But I think we can deal with it properly and my suggestion are as follows.‎ First of all, it’s normal for us to be nervous till faced with the exam which we think is important. Secondly, we’d better try our best to study hard and built a solid foundation, and then we’ll feel confidence of winning by then. Thirdly, no matter how we felt, the exam is still approaching. So, why not to face it bravely? After all, it is our learning process which really determines our success. If we always spare no effort on your studies, there is no need to worry, because we’ve done all we should. So please stay calm and relaxing. I hope my suggestions will be of help to you.‎ 答案：‎ Hearing you’re worried the coming exam, I can quite understand you because we’re in the same boat. But I think we can deal with it properly and my are as follows.‎ First of all, it’s normal for us to be nervous faced with the exam which we think is important. Secondly, we’d better try our best to study hard and a solid foundation, and then we’ll feel of winning by then. ‎ 8‎ Thirdly, no matter how we ， the exam is still approaching. So, why not face it bravely? After all, it is our learning process really determines our success. If we always spare no effort on studies, there is no need to worry, because we’ve done all we should. So please stay calm and . I hope my suggestions will be of help to you.‎ ‎①在worried后加about。考查固定搭配。该处表示担心即将到来的考试。be worried about为固定搭配，意为“担心……”。‎ ‎②suggestion改为suggestions。考查名词的单复数。此处suggestion“建议”为可数名词，根据该句中的are可知，该处应用复数形式。‎ ‎③till改为when或while。考查连词。句意：首先，当面临我们所认为的重要考试时，我们感到紧张是正常的。根据句意可知， 该处表示“当……时”，故用when或while。‎ ‎④built改为build。考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，此处与study并列，故用build。try one’s best to do sth.意为“尽全力去做某事”。‎ ‎⑤confidence改为confident。考查形容词。feel在该处作系动词，后接形容词，故用形容词confident。‎ ‎⑥felt改为feel。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境及该句中的“is”可知，此处为一般性描述，故用一般现在时；且主语为we，故用feel。‎ ‎⑦删除not后的to。考查固定句型。why not do sth.为固定句型，表示建议，意为“为什么不做某事”。‎ ‎⑧which改为that。考查强调句。分析该句结构可知，该句使用了强调句结构“it is＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分”，被强调的部分是“our learning process”。‎ ‎⑨your改为our。考查人称代词。根据该句中的“we”可知，该处应用our。此处表示如果我们在学业上总是不遗余力……‎ ‎⑩relaxing改为relaxed。考查形容词。句意：所以，请保持镇定和放松。根据语境可知，该处形容人的状态，故用形容词relaxed。‎ 8‎