【英语】2018届二轮复习高考英语书面表达议论文写作指导教案（8页） 9页

‎2018届二轮复习 高考英语书面表达议论文写作指导 ‎ ‎（主要以正反对比议论文为例）‎ ‎ ‎ 学习目标：学会高考英语议论文书面表达基本写作方法。‎ 重点难点：学会议论文写作常用句式。‎ 学习指导：议论文指的是以议论为主要表达方式的文体。就某一方面的问题通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非的方式来表达作者的观点和看法。‎ 高考书面表达一般只是要求同学们就某一热点问题或者是观点来谈谈自己的看法。同学们在陈述自己的观点时，可以运用议论文的一些写作方法来论述自己的观点，从而增强说服力，使你的文章脱颖而出。‎ 掌握议论文的一般结构：引子、正文、结论。‎ ‎①引子(Introduction):由于英语作文受时间、字数的限制，因此，在引言段中作者就必须简单解释要讨论的问题并阐明自己的观点。‎ ‎②正文(Main body): 正文是论证的过程，作者必须有足够的论据来论证自己的观点。‎ ‎③结论(Conclusion): 结论段可以用一两句来结束文章，同时要注意与引言段的呼应，但不能照搬前面的原话。‎ 议论文型书面表达应掌握的常用表达方式 总起:‎ Different people hold different opinions.‎ Opinions are divided.‎ People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards …‎ People have different opinions on this problem.‎ People take different views on this question.‎ 表达不同观点:‎ ‎…of them hold the opinion that ….‎ ‎…of them are in favor of the idea that…‎ People who are for/against the idea think …‎ Some people believe that…. Others argue that …‎ 不同观点之间的衔接:‎ However, …of them hold a different view. / …of them hold the opposite opinion.‎ People who are against it don’t think so.‎ However, each coin has two sides.‎ Different from those…., …people think ….‎ On the other hand, … people object that ….‎ 并列关系：and, as well as, also…‎ 递进关系：besides, in addition, moreover, what’s more…‎ 比较、对比：like, unlike, on the contrary, on the other hand…‎ 表示时间关系：first, second, then, finally/at last／in the end , soon immediately, suddenly, at the same time, meanwhile, recently 表示对称顺序关系：for one thing….. for the other thing, on one hand,…..on the other hand，above all, first of all, firstly, secondly, next, finally，the former….the latter,‎ 表示递进关系：what is more, as well, moreover, besides ,furthermore, in addition，what’s worse 表示换一种方式表达：in other words ,that is to say 表示举例说明：for example, like, such as, for instance ‎ 表示陈述事实：in fact ,actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth 表示总结：on the whole, in a word, to sum up, in short, in conclusion, from what I have said above 表示因果关系：as a result ,thus, therefore, so that, as, because, consequently,‎ 表示转折：but, however, while, instead, although, different from, not only ..but also 表达自己的观点：in my opinion, personally, as far as I know, I believe, I think, as we all know ,It is known to us all that….‎ 写作模版一We had a heated discussion about /on__, students’ views/ideas/opinions on it vary /differ from person to person. Some students believe that…… however ,others hold the view that_____ As far as I’m concerned, I believe___ In conclusion/ in a word ‎ 写作模版二should……? Opinions are divided on the question  some of us think that ….  The reason is that …..  However, others are against it. They think…. In my opinion, for one reason, for another reason, in a word. Only through….. Can we have a bright future. ‎ 范例1‎ 你是成都七中高三年级的一名学生，今年即将高中毕业。请你根据下面所给的要点提示，就关于“高考志愿选择”用英语写一篇短文，描述学生中存在的两种想法。 ‎ 观点 理由 ‎1‎ 首先选择专业 ‎1.个人兴趣 ‎2.社会需求 ‎2‎ 首先选择大学 ‎1.众多课程选择 ‎2.求职更受青睐 ‎3‎ 你的看法并说明原因 ‎ [要求]‎ 请用状语从句、名词性从句、被动语态、不定式、部分倒装、虚拟语气完成作文。‎ 参考范文：‎ A good major or a good university Every student will be faced with the choice when he passes the College Entrance Examination. Should he choose a good major or a good university first? Different students will offer different answers.‎ Some students think the choice should be based on their own interests. Because only in this way can they take their favorite jobs in the future. Or they should select major according to the need of society. Other students believe that a good university provides a wide range of courses which may be of great importance to their development and that if they were not graduating from leading universities, they wouldn’t be likely to find a good job.‎ Personally, the best choice is a good major at a good university. If we can’t obtain both, the first thing to consider is a good major, because no matter where we study, we can still achieve a lot in a certain field if we try our best.‎ 范例 2‎ ‎ ‎ 对每个人而言,学习是非常重要的。请你以Being a Successful Learner为题,根据下表的提示,写一篇短文。‎ 词数:120左右。‎ 学习的重要性 ‎1.科技发展的需要 ‎2.激烈的社会竞争 ‎3.国家强盛 成功的学习者的共性 独立、主动、目的明确、学以致用 你的看法 怎样成为成功的学习者(至少两点):‎ ‎1.……‎ ‎2.……‎ ‎　　注意:短文的开头已写出,不计入总词数。‎ Being a Successful Learner ‎ Study is very important for every individual because we  ‎ 思路点拨:‎ 本文属于文字信息类半开放性议论文,全文要求以怎样成为一个成功的学习者为题展开讨论。内容应包括学习的重要性;成功学习者的共性以及自己的观点并加以佐证。时态用一般现在时;人称以第一人称为主。‎ 语言素材:‎ ‎1.赶上,追上keep pace with;catch up with ‎2.有做……的能力have the competence of;have the ability to do ‎3.依赖,依靠depend on;rely on;count on 参考范文:‎ Being a Successful Learner Study is very important for every individual because we have to acquire new and ‎ advanced knowledge to keep pace with the rapid development of science and technology as well as the fiercely competitive society and make our country stronger and more powerful.‎ Successful learners are similar in many ways.They are independent thinkers and have a positive attitude towards their study.Besides,they have the competence of applying what they have learnt to practice.‎ How can we be successful learners?In my opinion, first of all,we should develop our interest in study,as the saying goes,“Interest is the best teacher.” Second,we should form the habit of making plans for our study and keeping a good balance between study and entertainment.Last but not least,remember not to depend on our teachers or textbooks only.‎ 实战训练：‎ 假如昨天你们班级以No smoking in public places? 为题开了一次讨论会。请根据以下情况写一篇100字左右的文章介绍讨论会的情况。‎ 结果 ‎15%认为不应该在公共场合禁烟 ‎85%认为应该在公共场合禁烟 理由 ‎1、吸烟是个人自由。‎ ‎2、吸烟能提高工作效率。‎ ‎3、长期的习惯无法立刻改变。‎ ‎1、吸烟有害健康。‎ ‎2、吸烟浪费金钱。‎ ‎3、吸烟对环境和他人也造成了伤害。‎ Yesterday we had a discussion about whether or not we should stop smoking in public places.‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ 参考答案 Yesterday we had a discussion about whether or not we should stop smoking in public places.‎ ‎ Eighty-five percent of us think it is necessary to stop smoking in public places. Most of us think smoking does harm to people’s health and the environment. Besides, people should not spend so much money on the cigarettes. ‎ ‎ Meanwhile, about fifteen percent of us didn’t agree. In their opinion, people should have their own right to do the things they like, such as smoking. It is very hard to give up smoking for those people who have smoked for many years. And they think smoking is useful for people to improve their work.‎ ‎ ‎ 最近，你校组织高三学生开展了一场讨论。讨论的主题是：周末双休日要不要上课。请根据下表提供的信息，写一篇短文，客观地介绍一下讨论的情况。‎ ‎30%‎ ‎30%‎ ‎40%‎ ‎1.要上课 ‎2．高考6月举行，要抓紧时间复习 ‎1.不要上课 ‎2．休息好，提高学习效率 ‎1.其中一天学习，一天休息 ‎2．学习与休息两头兼顾 注意：1.文章的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；2.120 词左右。‎ Recently, the students of Senior 3 in our school have had a discussion about whether we should have classes on weekends.　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．审题 做到三定：‎ ‎①定体裁：议论文；‎ ‎②定人称：以第三人称为主；‎ ‎③定时态：主要用一般现在时。‎ ‎2．谋篇 本文首先要介绍讨论的主题：周末双休日要不要上课。然后按照表中所说的三类学生进行逐一介绍。要按照文章要求客观地介绍讨论的情况，没有必要表明自己的观点。‎ ‎[学增分亮点]‎ ‎—————————————————————————————————————— [满分范文]‎ Recently, the students of Senior 3 in our school have had a discussion about whether we should have classes on weekends.‎ ‎①30% of them think they should have classes on weekends, because the college entrance examination this year will be held in June, and students should make full use of free time to review what they have learned. ②They think that only by studying harder can they be admitted to a leading university.‎ ‎③Another 30% are against the idea of having classes on weekends. ④They believe students should have a good rest on weekends so that they can study more effectively during the weekdays.‎ ‎⑤The other 40% of the students don’t approve of either of the ideas above. ⑥In their opinion, study and rest are both of great importance for students. ⑦They suggest one day of the weekend should be used to study while during the other day they have a rest.‎ ‎[满分缘由]‎ ‎1．结构布局 本文可分为四段：‎ 第一段介绍讨论的主题；‎ 第二段介绍有30%的学生认为要上课，并说明理由；‎ 第三段介绍另有30%的学生观点是不要上课及其理由；‎ 第四段介绍其余的40%采取了折中的想法，并说明理由。‎ ‎2．亮点词汇 make full use of，be admitted to, effectively, approve of, of great importance ‎3．亮点句式 第①句包含because引导的状语从句，被动语态以及what引导的宾语从句；‎ 第②句包含部分倒装和被动语态；‎ 第④句包含so that引导的状语从句；‎ 第⑦句中suggest后面的宾语从句使用了虚拟语气。‎ ‎[句式改写]‎ ‎1．用不定式作目的状语改写句④‎ They_believe_students_should_have_a_good_rest_on_weekends_(so_as/in_order)_to_study_more_effectively_during_the_weekdays.‎ ‎2．用表语从句改写句⑦‎ Their_suggestion_is_that_one_day_of_the_weekend_should_be_used_to_study_while_during_the_other_day_they_have_a_rest.‎