【英语】广东省广州市2020届高三第一次调研测试试题（解析版） 23页

广东省广州市2020届高三第一次调研测试 英语试题 第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ 阋读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A Stagecoach Buses — Popular tickets Dayrider Travel as much as you like in one day.‎ With Stagecoach Dayrider bus tickets you can make as many journeys as you like for one day. They offer more value for money than buying a single or return, as you can travel on all Stagecoach buses within your chosen ticket zone. Buy tickets using the Stagecoach Bus App or buy on the bus. with contactless payments now available on all our buses, you don't need to worry about finding the correct change Bus and Boat Unlimited bus travel for one car in the selected zone, plus a boat ride Explore the countryside on bus and then enjoy the fine mountain views from the comfort of a boat deck. You can board one of our many boats or steamers located at four of the districts most outstanding lakes. Stagecoach have combined bus boat tickets which are available for Coniston, Detwent Water, Ullswater and Windermere Sightseeing Tickets Never get lost and don't miss a thing.‎ Hop-on and hop-off all day as much as you like at any of the bus stops on the route and see all the best sights and attractions your chosen town or city has to offer. You'll also leam lots of history along the way from one of our expert guides Student Tickets Flexible student bus tickets Are you a student and getting ready for the new term? You can travel for a lot less with Stagecoach's student bus tickets. You'll need a current student ID card with a photo to buy a ‎ Stagecoach student ticket. The name on your ID card will need to match the name on your ticket.‎ ‎1. What is true about the “Dayrider” ticket?‎ A. You need the correct change to buy it.‎ B. You can use it to travel anywhere in the city.‎ C. It can be purchased with your mobile phone.‎ D. It can be used with any bus company.‎ ‎2. If you want to go sightseeing around of the lake areas, which ticket is the most suitable?‎ A. Dayrider. B. Bus and Boat.‎ C. Sightseeing. D. Student tickets.‎ ‎3. What is needed if you want to buy a student ticket?‎ A. A photo of yourself. B. Your name.‎ C. The bus app. D. Valid student ID.‎ ‎【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了旅行出售的几种不同的票。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Dayrider中Buy tickets using the Stagecoach Bus App or buy on the bus.( 使用Stagecoach巴士应用程序购买车票或在巴士上购买。)可知，可以用手机购买the“Dayrider”ticket。故选C项。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据Bus and Boat中You can board one of our many boats or steamers located at four of the districts most outstanding lakes. (您可以登上我们众多船只中的一艘，或是位于四个地区中最杰出的湖泊的轮船。)可知，如果想环湖观光，公共汽车和船票最合适。故选B项。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Flexible student bus tickets中You'll need a current student ID card with a photo to buy a Stagecoach student ticket. The name on your ID card will need to match the name on your ticket.(你需要一张有照片的学生证才能买一张公共马车学生票。你的身份证上的名字需要和你的车票上的名字相匹配。)可知，如果你想买学生票，需要有效的学生证。故选D项。‎ ‎【点睛】细节理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。以本文第1小题为例，本题运用定位法：根据Dayrider中Buy tickets using the Stagecoach Bus App or buy on the bus. 可知，使用Stagecoach巴士应用程序购买车票或在巴士上购买。因此可以用手机购买the“Dayrider”ticket。故选C项。‎ B When Allen invited me on a camping trip to the mountains, I imagined a wooden cabin overlooking a lake, with a warm fireplace, hot cocoa, and soft beds. But my happy image became a nightmare when Allen and his older brother, Leo, showed up with a truck filled with camping equipment—tents, sleeping bags, and water bottles, We were going on survival training!‎ The ever-efficient Leo was keen to leave the city behind us and urged us to hurry. Several hours later, as we drove through the forest, the mountains seemed bigger than I remembered; the trees were larger, and the environment felt more threatening.‎ At the trailhead, Leo tied a sleeping bag onto my already heavy pack and lectured Allen and me about hiking rules. Then, with Leo in the lead, we set off along the narrow and steep dirt track that wound up the mountain.‎ After 6 hours of climbing, we finally reached the top. My legs aching, I dropped my pack and groaned but there was no time to rest. "We need to set up camp quickly," said Leo." There are dark clouds coming in. A storm’s on its way."‎ I thought he was kidding, but Leo was quite serious. He and Allen worked expertly, while I stood around and pretended to help, thunder rumbling in the distance. We just finished putting up the tents when it hit. The wind, thunder, and lightning were relentless.‎ Leo, sensing that I was scared, started telling us some stories about his camping adventures. But each time lightning lit up the tent and the thunder echoed, I jumped. "Don't worry. Summer storms pass quickly," Leo said trying to comfort me. "And at least the rain will keep the bears away," he said with a teasing smile, which was less comforting.‎ And just as quickly as the storm came rushing in, it passed, and we exited the tent. The view was incredible — I could see for miles. As darkness set in, I stared in wonder at the millions of glowing stars in the night sky.‎ I won't lie — I was still wishing for a hot shower and a soft bed, but as I gazed upward at the Milky Way, I knew this was an adventure I would never forget.‎ ‎4. Why was the author surprised when Allen came to get him at the beginning of the story?‎ A. Allen had arrived earlier than arranged.‎ B. He saw that Allen was not well prepared.‎ C. He realized their trip would be challenging.‎ D. Allen's brother was unexpectedly with him.‎ ‎5. Why was it necessary to set up camp immediately after reaching the mountain top?‎ A. It was almost night time. ‎ B. The weather was changing.‎ C. They were tired and needed to rest. ‎ D. They needed protections from animals.‎ ‎6. What can we guess about Leo?‎ A. He was an experienced and capable hiker.‎ B. He was inconsiderate of other's feelings.‎ C. He had known the writer for a long time.‎ D. He had not been to this mountain before.‎ ‎7. How did the author feel at the end of the story?‎ A. Satisfied. B. Optimistic. C. Scared. D. Disappointed.‎ ‎【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者与Allen和他的哥哥一起去爬山的经历，在经历过艰难险阻之后，终于看到了令人难忘的美丽风景。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But my happy image became a nightmare when Allen and his older brother, Leo, showed up with a truck filled with camping equipment—tents, sleeping bags, and water bottles.”可知，当Allen和他大哥开着载满野营装备——帐篷、睡袋和水壶的卡车出现的时候，我的美好想象变成了噩梦，作者意识到他的旅行会是充满挑战的，C项切合题意。故选C项。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中“‘We need to set up camp quickly,’ said Leo.‘ There are dark clouds coming in. A storms on its ‎ way.’”可知，Leo说他们需要马上把帐篷搭起来，乌云来了，风暴快到了，意在表明天气在发生变化，所以到达山顶后要立刻搭起帐篷，B项切合题意。故选B项。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中“At the trailhead, Leo tied a sleeping bag onto my already heavy pack and lectured Allen and me about hiking rules.”可知，到了登山口，Leo把睡袋绑到了我已经很重的背包上面，然后给我和Allen讲解登山的规则，表明Leo是一个很有能力和经验的登山者，A项切合题意。故选A项。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I was still wishing for a hot shower and a soft bed, but as I gazed upward at the Milky Way, I knew this was an adventure I would never forget.”可知，作者仍想要洗个热水澡和一个柔软的床，但当他抬头望着银河时，他知道这是一次难忘的旅程。作者在这样的环境下仍能关注到美好的风景，说明作者有着积极的心态，B项符合语境。故选B项。‎ C Sleep, considered a luxury by many, is essential for a person's wellbeing. Researchers have found that insufficient sleep and tiredness increase a person's risk of developing severe medical conditions, such as obesity (being very overweight), high blood sugar levels, and heart disease. Now, a new study has found that getting sufficient sleep is also the key to improving academic performance.‎ Jeffrey Gross, the university science professor who led the research, was not trying to find the relationship between sleep and grades when he handed out smart watches to the 100 students in his chemistry class. Instead, the professor hoped the wrist-worm devices, which track a person's physical activity, would show a connection between exercise and academic achievement.‎ While Gross's data showed no relationship between these two factors, the study found something surprising. As the researchers were analyzing their data, they noticed that there was a straight-line relationship between the average amount of sleep a student got and their results in the course's 11 quizzes, three midterm tests, and the final exam.‎ Even more interesting, it was not sufficient for students to just head to bed early the night before a test. Instead, it's the sleep you get during the days when learning is happening that matters most.‎ The time students went to bed each night was similarly important. Those who went to bed in early hours of the morning performed poorly, even if the total sleep time was the same as a higher-performing student. "When you go to bed matters," Gross says, "If you go to bed at 10, or 12, or 1 at night, and sleep for seven hours, your performance is the same. But if you go to bed after 2, your performance starts to go down even if you get the same seven hours. So, quantity isn't everything."‎ Perhaps the most interesting was the huge impact that small differences in sleep patterns had on the students' grades. The overall course grades for students averaging six and a half hours of sleep each night were 25% lower than students who averaged just one hour more sleep. Similarly, students who varied their bedtime by even one hour each night had grades that dropped 45% below those with more regular bedtimes.‎ Who knew getting A's just required some extra ZZZ's?‎ ‎8. Based on his original objectives, which best describes Professor Gross's research findings?‎ A. Accidental. B. Complete. ‎ C. Convincing. D. Doubtful.‎ ‎9. Who were the people taking part in the study?‎ A. Middle school chemistry students. ‎ B. Volunteers from different universities.‎ C. Professor Gross's own students. ‎ D. University student athletes.‎ ‎10. How did Professor Gross's team measure academic performance?‎ A. Making the students wear a special watch.‎ B. Using students' university entrance test results.‎ C. Giving the students regular after class quizzes.‎ D. Using the students' normal test and quiz grades.‎ ‎11. Based on the study's findings, who is likely to perform best academically.‎ A. A person who has a good night's sleep the night before an important test.‎ B. A person whose normal bedtime varies between 9 p.m. and 12 p.m.‎ C. A person who sleeps from 11 p.m. to 6 a.m. each day.‎ D. A person who sleeps for a total of 7 hours each night.‎ ‎【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，睡眠质量不足除了对身体健康造成不良影响之外，也会对学习成绩产生影响，好的睡眠质量是提高学习成绩的关键。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Jeffrey Gross,… , was not trying to find the relationship between sleep and grades when he handed out smart watches to the 100 students in his chemistry class.”和“Instead, the professor hoped the wrist-worm devices, which track a person's physical activity, would show a connection between exercise and academic achievement.”可知，在给他化学课里的100个学生发放智能手环时，Jeffrey Gross并没有试图去发现睡眠和成绩之间的关系，相反的，他最初目标是想发现运动与学习成绩之间的关系，意在表明发现睡眠与成绩之间的关系是一个意外收获，A项符合语境。故选A项。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Jeffrey Gross,… , was not trying to find the relationship between sleep and grades when he handed out smart watches to the 100 students in his chemistry class.”可知在给他化学课里的100个学生发放智能手环时，Jeffrey Gross并没有试图去发现睡眠和成绩之间的关系，因此参加研究的人是上他化学课的学生，C项切题。故选C项。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中“As the researchers were analyzing their data, they noticed that there was a straight-line relationship between the average amount of sleep a student got and their results in the course's 11 quizzes, three midterm tests, and the final exam.”可知在分析实验数据时，他们注意到在平均睡眠时间和课程测验、三次期中考试和期末考试成绩之间存在一个直接联系，因此作者是通过学生正常测验和考试成绩来衡量他们的学习表现，D项切合题意。故选D项。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第五段中“If you go to bed at 10, or 12, or 1 at night, and sleep for seven hours, your performance is the same. But if you go to bed after 2, your performance starts to go down even if you get the same seven ‎ hours.”可知，如果在晚上10点、12点或者1点上床睡觉，睡7小时，你的学习表现是一样的，但如果在2点之后睡觉，哪怕睡了7个小时，学习表现也会下降，说明睡觉时间在晚上10点到1点之间，睡7个小时学习表现是最好的，C项睡觉时间11 p.m. to 6 a.m.满足7小时标准，符合语境。故选C项。‎ ‎【点睛】判断推理题解题时要求考生根据文章提供的事实或线索作判断和推理，推测作者未提到的事实、某事发生的可能性或趋势、某事未来的结果等。做这类题时，关键要紧扣主题，立足已知事实或线索，捕捉关键信息，然后推断其所隐含的深层含义。例如第二段中“Jeffrey Gross,… , was not trying to find the relationship between sleep and grades when he handed out smart watches to the 100 students in his chemistry class.”和“Instead, the professor hoped the wrist-worm devices, which track a person's physical activity, would show a connection between exercise and academic achievement.” instead前后所连接两个句子分别为“给他化学课里的100个学生发放智能手环时，Jeffrey Gross并没有试图去发现睡眠和成绩之间的关系”和“他最初目标是想用手环设备来发现运动与学习成绩之间的关系”意在表明转折关系，即睡眠和成绩之间的关系其实是进行原本研究目标时不经意（偶然）之间发现的副产物。层层递进，丝丝入扣，体现出此篇阅读语料的逻辑严谨性，考生易于失分，因此值得仔细推敲。‎ D How affordable is high culture? One great myth of our time is that tickets for opera, theatre, ballet and orchestral (管弦乐) concerts are too expensive, especially for the young. This is infuriating as, in Britain, at least, the claim is ridiculous and offensive. The cheap tickets to hear London's orchestras range from ￡7 to ￡9 — same as a cinema ticket, and lower than the entry price to many pop music and comedy clubs. For comparison, when the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra performs with top soloists and conductors the cheapest seat is ￡30; and at the Berlin Philharmonic, it's an expensive ￡46.‎ Finding cheap tickets to the opera and ballet isn't so easy. True. British companies don't charge the ridiculous high prices found on the Continent (￡2,000 for a good seat at a premiere of La Scala's Carmen last December), but the tickets are still pretty steep. Large fees paid to star performers mostly account for that. Luckily, however, one spectacular technological innovation has transformed the scene. It's live (or slightly delayed) cinema transmissions. The New York Metropolitan Opera now beams its shows to 800 cinemas round the world, and British companies aren't far behind. Cinematic opera is excellent value. For the cost of a good bottle of wine (￡10 or ￡15 for the Royal Opera House's shows) you can sit in your local movie-house and see a high-definition relay of what's occurring on the world's grandest stages. No, it's not the same as being there, but it's almost as good. The sound is incredible. The images, particularly of dancers,‎ ‎ are fantastic. And you can react to the show as part of a live audience, rather than sitting on your own at home.‎ To me, this mountain of evidence, together with free museum admissions, indicates that the arts world should stop worrying that its audiences are still mostly middle-class. Anyone who can afford to visit a pub can also afford to see top-quality drama, music and dance. The real battle now should be ensuring that school children are given enough tastes of high culture to make them want to buy all those cheap tickets when they grow up.‎ ‎12. What does the underlined word "infuriating" in paragraph 1 mean?‎ A. Quite interesting. B. Very annoying. ‎ C. Not certain. D. Extremely obvious.‎ ‎13. What is the main reason for expensive opera tickets?‎ A. The amount of money charged by top performers.‎ B. The costly technology required for broadcast.‎ C. The demand of companies for big profits.‎ D. The high cost of renting the stages.‎ ‎14. Which of the following is true about cinematic opera?‎ A. People can decide where to watch the opera.‎ B. Audiences are discouraged from responding to The performances.‎ C. It provides an inexpensive way of enjoying a live opera performance.‎ D. The sound and visual quality are superior to the live performance.‎ ‎15. Which statement would the author agree with?‎ A. The quality of opera performances is improving.‎ B. High culture is becoming more affordable in Europe.‎ C. The cost of access to high culture activities should be lowered.‎ D. Children should be encouraged to participate in high culture events.‎ ‎【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了当今时代存在高雅文化票价较高的现象，并分析了票价过高的原因，对未来高雅文化发展提出了解决办法。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第一段中“One great myth of our time is that tickets for opera, theatre, ballet and orchestral (管弦乐) concerts are too expensive, especially for the young.”可知我们的时代最难以置信的就是歌剧、剧院、芭蕾和管弦乐音乐会的门票太贵，特别是对学生而言。根据分析第一段中“This is infuriating as, in Britain, at least, the claim is ridiculous and offensive.”可知，this指代前句中门票昂贵的现象，infuriating是前句现象的影响和状态，联系划线词后文可了解到the claim is ridiculous and offensive这样的声称很离谱也很令人不适，意为消极表述，结合选项翻译B项annoying意为“使人恼怒的”符合语境。故选B项。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中 “the tickets are still pretty steep. Large fees paid to star performers mostly account for that.” 可知that指代前句the tickets are still pretty steep“门票特别贵”。account for意为“解释”，表明门票价格高原因是因为要支付给演员明星巨额费用，A项切题。故选A项。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Cinematic opera is excellent value. For the cost of a good bottle of wine (￡10 or ￡15 for the Royal Opera House's shows) you can sit in your local movie-house and see a high-definition relay of what's occurring on the world's grandest stages.”可知电影院歌剧物超所值。只需一瓶红酒的价格（皇家剧院的表演票价要10-15欧元），你就可以坐在当地的电影院看一场世界最棒舞台上表演的高品质转播，说明电影院歌剧为我们提供了一种便宜的方式欣赏歌剧现场，C项切题。故选C项。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The real battle now should be ensuring that school children are given enough tastes of high culture to make them want to buy all those cheap tickets when they grow up.”可知，目前最大的挑战是应该确保上学的孩子能够接触到高雅文化，使得他们长大后会买那些便宜票享受高雅文化，意在表明应鼓励孩子们参与到高雅文化活动之中，D像切题。故选D项。‎ ‎【点睛】在词义猜测题中暗含了考查代词指代关系考点。解答代词指代关系类习题时，要求考生根据语境的逻辑关系、判断相应人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象，包括考查it（指动物，无生命的事物、特定的事件或人），they/them(指代人、物、事件的复数名词)，he/she等人称代词的指代意义，以及指示代词this，that，these，those等在文章中的指代意义，解答这类题时，考生要认真阅读画线词所在句和前后临近句的内容，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，理清来龙去脉和前后的因果关系，从而准确推断其指代的对象。例如第1小题中“This is infuriating as, in Britain, at least, the claim is ridiculous and offensive.” infuriating起到了连接前后句语境的作用，考生要将前后两句都读完才能理清语境间内在联系，进而推测出划线词的含义。‎ 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项多余。‎ Learning to understand spoken English can be difficult. Learners must not only master new sounds, but also learn conversational idioms. That's a let to learn! But they may soon realize there is something else going on. ___16___ These different styles of speaking are called "registers". In their work, language experts identify three major factors that affect the register of spoken English: the place of the conversation, the relationship of the speakers, and the purpose of the conversation.‎ ‎___17___ Even two best friends who work and live together may speak more formally to each other in the office. At home, one might say, "C'mon, I wanna leave." The same person at work might say, "Are you ready to go now?"‎ The relationship of the speakers also affects the language they use with each other People speak less formally to friends and more formally to strangers. ___18___ People who know each other well might use more idioms and more slang in their speech. An angry woman might tell her daughter to "hush your mouth" and her sister to "quiet down".‎ Finally, the purpose of the conversation affects people's speech. A person who want to ease hurt feelings uses a soft, quiet tone. ___19___‎ Few speakers realize that they change registers according to these factors. ___20___ We are not aware that we make these changes. We accept the changeability of the weather, but we often refuse to accept the changeability of speech.‎ A. In fact, most people strongly deny it.‎ B. People generally speak less at work than they do at home.‎ C. The very same person speaks differently in different situations.‎ D. Therefore, we should be careful not to hurt each other with our speech.‎ E. On the other hand, a person who wants to pick a fight speaks rapidly and loudly.‎ F. The place where the conversation takes place directly affects the language of the conversation G. Because they already share information and experience with friends, they do not need to explain as much.‎ ‎【答案】16. C 17. F 18. G 19. E 20. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要从三个方面介绍了难以理解口语的三个因素，分析了各自的原因，并提出了学好口语理解的相关建议。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 根据下文“These different styles of speaking are called ‘registers’.”可知这些不同的说话类型叫做语域。C项The very same person speaks differently in different situations.“同一个人在不同情况下说的话不同”，呼应上文different，切合句意。故选C项。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 分析文章结构可知，本文按照总分总形式展开行文。总述句为第一段中“In their work, language experts identify three major factors that affect the register of spoken English: the place of the conversation, the relationship of the speakers, and the purpose of the conversation.”“语言专家在他们研究中证实了影响口语语域的三大主要因素：说话地点，说话者间关系和说话目的，”，其中“the place of the conversation, the relationship of the speakers, and the purpose of the conversation”分别为二、三、四段的分述点，因此第二段横线处应选择承接上段尾句、总领本段的句子，结合选项翻译可知，F项“说话发生的地点会直接影响说话的语言”切合题意。故选F项。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 后句提到“People who know each other well might use more idioms and more slang in their speech.”“很了解彼此的人在说话中会使用更多的惯用语和俚语”，G项“因为他们和朋友共享了很多经历和信息，所以不必过多解释”呼应后句中的know each other well“互相很了解彼此”，切合题意。故选G项。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 由前文“the purpose of the conversation affects people's speech. A person who want to ease hurt feelings uses a soft, quiet tone.”可知，意为“说话的目的会影响人们说话”总领本段，后文举例支撑总领句，E项“On the other hand, a person who wants to pick a fight speaks rapidly and loudly.”“另一方面，想大家的人说得很快很大声”与前文“想安慰别人情绪的人用轻柔舒缓的语调”形成对比关系，符合语境。故选E项。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 上一句提到“Few speakers realize that they change registers according to these factors.”可知，很少有人能意识到他们要根据这些因素改变语域。A项“事实上很多人都强烈否认这个”与前文形成平行结构，该选项中deny“否认”与下文refuse“拒绝”相呼应，符合语境。故选A项。‎ 第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)‎ 第一节 完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。.‎ Have you ever heard someone say that he can't see the forest for the trees? If so, you may have ___21___ what this curious phrase means. If you can see the trees, how is the forest not ___22___, too?‎ This popular phrase accurately describes situations in which people sometimes get so caught up with the ___23___ that they lose sight of the big picture. ___24___, you're paying so much attention to the trees that you forget that the trees are just part of a ___25___ forest.‎ This is a problem we all ___26___ from time to time. When observing our world, it’s easy to focus on the interesting details and ___27___ larger concepts. For ___28___, though, it's important to be able to focus on both the forest and the trees.‎ Since the ___29___ of scientific inquiry thousands of years ago, observations have been ___30___. The first scientists used their ___31___ to see, hear, smell, feel, and taste the world around them. Through these ___32___, they learned about their world and began to search for answers to the questions that ___33___ arose.‎ Today scientists ___34___ rely upon their five senses to make observations. However, they also take advantages of modern ___35___ to make observations with a wide variety of tools. These enable them to “see” the world in ways beyond what their five senses ___36___.‎ From satellite telescopes atomic microscopes, ___37___ scientists use these tools to observe the world in ways never ___38___ by early scientists. Some of these tools allow them to ___39___ small details while others help them to see the big ___40___.‎ ‎21. A. wondered B. believed C. explained D. described ‎22. A. acceptable B. accessible C. visible D. possible ‎23. A. reasons B. problems C. effects D. details ‎24. A. In contrast B. In return C. In other words D. In the meantime ‎25. A. better B. larger C. clearer D. greener ‎26. A. seek out B. pass by C. agree on D. meet with ‎27. A. catch B. ignore C. comprehend D. misuse ‎28. A. observers B. farmers C. scientists D. leaders ‎29. A. beginning B. separation C. recovery D. removal ‎30. A. forgotten B. welcomed C. impossible D. important ‎31. A. senses B. feelings C. environments D. experiences ‎32. A. errors B. gifts C. observations D. inventions ‎33. A. luckily B. naturally C. exactly D. occasionally ‎34. A. even B. yet C. never D. still ‎35. A. technologies B. theories C. discoveries D. efforts ‎36. A. release B. allow C. prefer D. enjoy ‎37. A. famous B. young C. popular D. modern ‎38. A. imagined B. suggested C. remembered D. convinced ‎39. A. create B. study C. copy D. choose ‎40. A. cause B. change C. picture D. achievement ‎【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A 36. B 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了“只顾细节不顾大局”这一表述的来源，从科学家做研究的角度综合分析了细节与大局的利弊关系，告诉我们注重细节的同时也要顾全大局。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你听到有人说他只见树木不见森林，你可能很想知道这个令人好奇的句子意味着什么。A. wondered想知道；B. believed 相信；C. explained解释；D. described描述。结合横线后“what this curious phrase means”分析语境可知，此处使用wondered意为“想知道”切合题意。故选A项。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你能看见树，怎么会看不见森林呢？A. acceptable可接受的；B. accessible可接近的；C. visible可看见的；D. possible可能的。根据前文“he can't see the ‎ forest for the trees”可知，作者意在表明看见和看不见之间的逻辑关系。C项visible“可看见的”符合语境。故选C项。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个表述准确地描述了一种情景，人们有时会很在意细节以至于会看不见整体大局。A. reasons原因；B. problems问题；C. effects影响；D. details细节。通过语境翻译可知，D项details意为“细节”切合题意。故选D项。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查介词短语辨析。句意：换句话说，你太过于关注树以至于忘记了树就是森林的一部分。A. In contrast相反地；B. In return反过来；C. In other words换言之；D. In the meantime同时。通过分析语境可知，此句是前句的进一步解释，存在递进关系，因此In other words意为“换言之”切合题意。故选C项。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你太过于关注树以至于忘记了树就是森林的一部分。A. better更好的；B. larger更大的；C. clearer更清晰的；D. greener更绿的。通过分析本段结构可知，此句与上句互为平行结构，因此也是小细节与大局的关系，即小与大之间的逻辑关系。B项切题。故选B项。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这是我们反复会遇到的问题。A. seek out寻求；B. pass by路过；C. agree on同意；D. meet with遇到。根据语境翻译可知，此处意为meet with“遇到”，D项符合语境。故选D项。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们关注自己的世界时，很同意就关注到有趣的细节而忽视了更大的概念。A. catch抓住；B. ignore忽视；C. comprehend理解；D. misuse误用。由空后的" it's important to be able to focus on both the forest and the trees." 可知此处表明我们应该细节与大局兼顾，然而我们很容易注重小细节而忽视整体大局，B项ignore“忽视”切合题意。故选B项。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于科学家而言，A. observers观察者；B. farmers农民；C. scientists科学家；D. leaders领导人。根据下段首句可知，接下来讲述科学家的方面，C项scientists“科学家”符合语境。故选C项。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从几千年科学研究开始，观察力一直都很重要。A. beginning开始，开端；B. separation分离；C. recovery恢复；D. removal移除。联系下文“The first scientists used their senses to see, hear, smell, feel, and taste the world around them.”可知科学家门用感官去看、去听、去闻、去感受、去品尝他们周边的世界，通过语境翻译可知A项beginning“开始，开端”切合题意。故选A项。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自从几千年科学研究开始，观察力一直都很重要。A. forgotten遗忘的；B. welcomed受欢迎的；C. impossible不可能的；D. important重要的。通过语境翻译可知，D项important“重要的”切合题意。故选D项。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：科学家门用感官去看、去听、去闻、去感受、去品尝他们周边的世界。A. senses感官；B. feelings感觉；C. environments环境；D. experiences经历。通过分析句子成分可知空后see, hear, smell, feel, and taste均为感官，A项切题。故选A项。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过观察，他们了解了周边的世界，并且开始寻找自然而然出现的问题答案。A. errors错误；B. gifts礼物；C. observations观察；D. inventions发明。根据本段段首句“Since the beginning of scientific inquiry thousands of years ago, observations have been important.”可知科学家们要做的事情是观察，因此C项observations“观察”符合语境。故选C项。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过观察，他们了解了周边的世界，并且开始寻找自然而然出现的问题答案。A. luckily 幸运地；B. naturally自然而然地；C. exactly格外地D. occasionally偶然地。根据语境翻译可知, B项naturally“自然而然地”切合题意。故选B项。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当今科学家们依赖于他们五官做观察。A. even甚至；B. yet至今；C. never从不；D. still仍然。根据前段可知，现在的科学家依然还依赖五官进行观察，D项符合语境。故选D项。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：然而他们也充分利用现代技术运用广泛的工具进行观察。A.‎ ‎ technologies技术；B. theories理论；C. discoveries发现；D. efforts努力。根据however前句可知科学家们除了用五官进行观察，也用现代技术手段，A项切题。故选A项。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些使他们能够超越五官所允许的层面观察这个世界A. release释放；B. allow允许；C. prefer更喜欢；D. enjoy喜欢。根据前文可知五官给了科学家们得以观察世界的方式，通过现代技术，他们可以超越五官所允许的层面观察这个世界，B项符合语境。故选B项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从卫星望远镜到原子显微镜，现代科学家使用这些工具以一种早期科学家无法想象的方式观察着世界。A. famous著名的；B. young年轻的；C. popular流行的；D. modern现代的。根据语境翻译可知, D项modern“现代的”切合题意。故选D项。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从卫星望远镜到原子显微镜，现代科学家使用这些工具以一种早期科学家无法想象的方式观察着世界。A. imagined 想象；B. suggested建议；C. remembered记住；D. convinced信服。根据上文可知，这些工具是现代的，表明早期并不存在，因此早期科学家难以想象有这样的工具可以使用，A项imagined“想象”切题。故选A项。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些工具中有些可以允许他们研究小细节，而另外一些可以帮助他们看到宏观整体。A. create创造；B. study研究；C. copy复制；D. choose选择。根据语境翻译可知, B项study“研究”切合题意。故选B项。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：另外一些可以帮助他们看到宏观整体。A. cause结果；B. change改变；C. picture图画、局面；D. achievement成就。根据第二段中“they lose sight of the big picture”可知，结合分析选项，C项“picture”同词复现。故选C项。‎ 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ We all know clean water is important for good health. But now we also know we should watch ___41___ we keep our water in. Plastic bottles hardened with a dangerous material ___42___(call) BPA can release a chemical into our water that harms our bodies. Since 2011, many countries ___43___(ban) plastic with BPA from use in food containers and baby bottles.‎ ‎ But are other non-BPA plastics safe?‎ Plastic labeled BPA-free might use other chemicals that have ___44___(harm) health effects. ___45___(Study) have shown that low levels of those chemicals might have the same effects as BPA. So, what should people do? The ___46___(good) material to drink from is glass, ___47___ has no chemicals that can poison water.‎ Another good choice ___48___ a drink container is stainless steel. Stainless steel bottles are better than aluminum bottles, which are covered with a thin plastic ___49___(protect) the metal from acids. There are many good food-grade stainless steel water bottles on the market.‎ If you do decide to use a reusable plastic water bottle, avoid ___50___(keep) it in the sun. Sunlight and hot liquid speed up the release of chemicals into your drinking water.‎ ‎【答案】41. what 42. called 43. have banned 44. harmful 45. Studies 46. best 47. which 48. for / as 49. to protect 50. keeping ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。讲述了我们日常使用的塑料瓶中含有BPA这种有害成分，最安全的方式是使用玻璃制品，并介绍了使用塑料瓶的注意事项。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查宾语从句。句意：我们都知道干净的水对健康很重要。但我们现在也知道了需要关注把水放在什么地方保存。通过分析句子结构可知此句为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，应使用关系代词what引导。故填what。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：塑料瓶是用叫做BPA的危险物质硬化的，这种物质会在水中释放对身体有害的物质。通过分析句子结构可知，句中存在谓语动词can release，且material与call之间为被动关系，因此横线上需使用过去分词called形式。故填called。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。句意：自从2011年起，很多国家就禁止在食物容器和婴儿奶瓶中使用BPA了。句首有时间状语since 2011表明此句应使用现在完成时，使用过去分词形式have banned。故填have banned。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：标明不含BPA的塑料瓶会含有其他有害健康的化学物质。根据语境翻译可知此处使用harm形容词形式harmful。故填harmful。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查主谓一致。句意:多个研究表明，很有少量这些物质会产生和BPA相同的影响。通过分析句子结构可知，助动词have为原型，根据主谓一致原则表明前面主语study应为复数形式。故填Studies。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考察形容词最高级。句意：用来喝水最好的材质是玻璃。通过分析语境可知，塑料瓶对身体有危害，玻璃瓶是最好的选择，同时横线前有定冠词the，使用good的最高级best。故填best。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查非限定性定语从句。句意：用来喝水最好的材质是玻璃，它不含对身体有害的物质。通过分析句子结构可知，此句为非限定性定语从句，先行词是glass，在从句中作主语，使用关系词which引导定语从句。故填which。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：用来喝水的容器另一个好选择是不锈钢。根据语境翻译可知，此处所填词意为用来或作为，结合句子结构分析可知，应填入介词for/as表示“用来/作为”。故填for/as。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：不锈钢杯比铝杯好，铝杯含有一层塑料用来防止金属锈蚀。通过分析句子结构可知，从句中已存在谓语动词are covered，因此横线上需使用非谓语动词，且plastic与protect之间为目的性关系，需使用不定式to protect形式。故填to protect。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查固定搭配。句意：如果决定了使用能反复利用的塑料瓶，要避开阳光使用。avoid doing sth.为固定搭配意为“避免做”因此使用keep的动名词形式keeping。故填keeping。‎ 第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)‎ 第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ ‎51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(/)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意:(1)每处错误及其修改仅限一词；‎ ‎(2)允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Last week, I quarrel with my parents about spending too much time in my cellphone. I felt exhausting that day, and became very angry even though they talked to me in a friend way.‎ I now feel ashamed and am writing with this article to apologise. There are people in the world I value, such as teacher and friends. Also, the most precious people to me is my parents. It is them who raised me and gave me a happy life. I want them to know that I'm deeply sorry and will try to be good person and make them proud.‎ ‎【答案】quarrel→quarrled in→on exhausting→exhausted friend→friendly 去掉with teacher→teachers Also→However is→are them→they be后面加上a ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者与父母因为手机使用时间的问题吵架的经历，最后认识到自己的错误跟父母道歉，打算做一个让父母骄傲的孩子。‎ ‎【详解】1.考查动词时态。句意：上周我因为手机使用时间的问题跟父母吵了架。last week为表示过去时间的状语，因此主句动词应使用一般过去时形式quarrled。故将quarrel改为quarrled。‎ ‎2.考查固定搭配。 句意：上周我因为手机使用时间的问题跟父母吵了架。“spend in doing sth.”和“spend on+名词”均意为“在花费了时间”，由于句中所给方面为名词cellphone，因此需使用固定搭配“spend on+名词”。故将in改为on。‎ ‎3.考查非谓语动词。句意：那天我感觉很累，尽管他们很友善地和我说话，但我还是变得非常愤怒。此处非谓语动词作feel的表语，需使用表主观感受的过去分词形式exhausted。故将exhausting改为exhausted。‎ ‎4.考查形容词。句意：那天我感觉很累，尽管他们很友善地和我说话，但我还是变得非常愤怒。这里friend需变成能够修饰名词way的形容词词性，通过分析可知，friendly“友好的”切合题意。故将friend变为friendly。‎ ‎5.考查动词。句意：我现在感觉很羞愧，写了这封道歉信。write及物动词，后面可以直接加宾语，无需介词with。with多余故删掉。‎ ‎6.考查名词的数。句意：在这个世界上我很珍惜我的老师们和同学们。通过分析句子结构可知，and所并列成分中，friends为复数形式，则teacher也应为复数形式。故将teacher改为teachers。‎ ‎7.考查副词。句意：然而我最珍惜的是我的父母。通过分析语境可知，此句与前句为转折关系，因此转折连词however切合题意，故将Also改为However。‎ ‎8.考查主谓一致。句意：然而我最珍惜的是我的父母。通过分析句子结构可知，my parents为复数，因此be动词需使用复数形式are。故将is改为are。‎ ‎9.考查代词。句意：是他们养育了我，给了我健康的生活。通过分析句子结构可知，“it is+主语+that”为强调句型，主语部分应使用主格形式they。故将them改为they。‎ ‎10.考查冠词。句意：我想让他们知道我真的很抱歉，以后要做一个让他们骄傲的好人。根据分析句子成分可知，person是可数名词，前面应使用不定冠词a。故在be后面加上a。‎ 第二节 书面表达 (满分25分)‎ ‎52.你校的体育节刚刚结束。请给学校英语报写一篇报道，报道体育节的主要活动、精彩瞬间及意义。‎ 注意 ‎1.词数100词左右；‎ ‎2.可以通当增加细节，使文连贯；‎ ‎3.报道的开头已为你写好，不入词数。‎ 参考词汇:开幕式 opening ceremony 项目 item ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】The school sports carnival, which took place last Friday and Saturday, was a great success. The crowds cheer on their classmates who took part in more than 10 exciting events.‎ The carnival started with an opening ceremony which included a student athlete march and dance performance by our school’s street dance club. This was followed by the events themselves. Among the many great performances was Li Hua’s win in the 1500-metre running race and QiQi’s ‎ dominant victory in the girls 100-metre race. Perhaps the biggest cheer of the meet was for the students when they defeated the teachers in the tug-of-war competition.‎ After its conclusion, many students said they love the sports meet as it provided them with an opportunity to relax, demonstrate their sports abilities and build friendship and school spirit among the students.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇提纲类作文。要求考生用英语写一篇报道，报道体育节的主要活动、精彩瞬间及意义。‎ ‎【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：提纲类作文 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时。‎ 结构：总分法 要求：报道体育节的主要活动、精彩瞬间及意义。‎ 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）‎ take place；cheer on；take part in；dominant；defeat；demonstrate 第三步：连词成句 ‎1. The school sports carnival, which took place last Friday and Saturday, was a great success. ‎ ‎2. The crowds cheer on their classmates who took part in more than 10 exciting events.‎ ‎3. The carnival started with an opening ceremony which included a student athlete march and dance performance by our school’s street dance club.‎ ‎4. This was followed by the events themselves.‎ ‎5. Among the many great performances was Li Hua’s win in the 1500-metre running race and QiQi’s dominant victory in the girls 100-metre race.‎ ‎6. Perhaps the biggest cheer of the meet was for the students when they defeated the teachers in the tug-of-war competition.‎ ‎7. After its conclusion, many students said they love the sports meet as it provided them with an opportunity to relax, demonstrate their sports abilities and build friendship and school spirit among the students.‎ 第四步：连句成篇 ‎1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At ‎ last ‎2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,‎ ‎3.表转折对比关系：while, meanwhile, However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… ‎ ‎4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result ‎ 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，‎ 第五步：润色修改 ‎【点睛】文章结构合理，思路清晰，使用了恰当的连接词及词组使行文连贯，如“which，who，after”，也运用了一些高级词汇和表达，如“take place；cheer on；take part in；dominant；defeat；demonstrate”以及定语从句、状语从句等，增加了文章的亮点，体现了学生较高的英语学科素养。‎