高考英语考点46 阅读理解应用文 34页

1 考点 46 阅读理解应用文 高考频度：★★★★★ 应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简介、商品说明与介绍、 新闻报道等，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格等。英语《考试说明》对＂读＂的能力要求之一是：要 求考生读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章并能识别 不同文体的特征。研读近年全国各地的高考试题可以看出，应用文是高考阅读理解命题的重要体裁之一。 现简要介绍应用文的特点、类型和解题技巧。 一、应用文阅读试题的文体特点 应用文不同于其他文体的文章，其目的是为了向读者传输信息，措辞简洁明了，直截了当.一般说来， 应用文英语阅读试题具有以下特点： 1. 选材特点 信息量大，文句精炼，形式灵活，用最少的篇幅表达最大量的信息。 2. 内容特点 生活化，实用化，多样化，如产品宣传、服务介绍、通知、海报、启示、招生招聘等。 3. 形式特点 标题醒目，重点突出，条理清晰，常用粗体字或各类项目符号使文章的结构更鲜明。 4. 语言特点 人名、地名、专有名词多；生词多；缩略词、祈使句、省略句多；结构不完整。 5. 命题特点 主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既注重特定细节的筛选、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题 的考查，题目设置相对较容易。 二、应用文的主要类型 应用文的类型主要有：同主题广告，混合型广告，规则、通知、咨询问答、注意事项等，指南，书评、 问卷调查、告示、参观须知、申请书、个人简介等。 三、应用文解题技巧点拨 2 高考应用文阅读理解设题以细节理解题为主，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构的前 提下，主要注意细节信息。细节题的题干都是相应原文的变形(如同义改写、词性转换等)，因此要找到答案 一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较。 做题时，根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法可达到事半功倍的效果。 同时，在阅读时也要特别注意文中以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是 文章的核心或某一部分内容的概括。具体答题策略如下： 1. 先题后文 先读试题，了解试题考点；明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。 2. 题干定向 根据题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下：问题与材料相同→对号入座；问题与 原文相同→同义替换、归纳事实等。*网 3. 生词模糊 遇到生词；如与答题无关，直接跳过；涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜词。 4. 信息补全 对于影响理解的省略句，可根据语境，将其补全。 总之，应用文类型的阅读文章一般说来比较易理解，文章类型以广告形式居多，设问根据文章的段落 秩序，多以细节事实理解为主，答案的寻找可以根据问题中的关键字顺藤摸瓜，辅以适当的推理判断。了 解了应用文的措辞和内容特点，我们在实践中总结出解答应用文试题的关键是：抓信息。 提示：应用文阅读题做完后，不可轻易改答案，要相信第一感觉。因为第一次解题时思路最清晰，假 如没十分把握，以不改为好，防止弄巧成拙。 全国高考英语考试说明明确指出，要求考生读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告 以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章，这说明了应用文文体在高考英语中的重要性。这个特点在历年高考试题 中有明显的印证，不管是全国高考卷，还是省区高考卷中基本每年都涉及应用文文体的考查，这充分体现 了＂为用而学，学以致用＂的新课程理念。因此，考生很有必要认真研读阅读理解中应用文的特征和命题 特点，并掌握一定的解题方法。本文拟结合近年高考英语全国卷阅读理解中所涉及的应用文文体，帮助考 生提高阅读理解的解题能力。 应用文是在日常工作和生活中使用的文体，通常以实用性为目的、以真实性为基础、以时效性为根本、 以规范性为准则。该文体一般可分为两大类：一类是说明性应用文，包括广告、启事、海报、守则、公告、 3 指南、个人简历、备忘录、摘要等；另一类是叙述性应用文，如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等。目的 都是向读者传输信息。高考试题主要涉及宣传广告、公告类应用文，偶尔也会有书信类文章出现。从近三 年高考全国卷阅读理解中应用文的话题分布情况可知，前一类是应用文命题的首选题材，其中包括广告、 海报和指南等。 在高考英语阅读理解中应用文体的考查主要有如下几个特点： 1. 就文体特点而言，应用文主要是为了向读者传递信息，措辞简洁明了，一般来说，和所述问题无关的文 字不会出现。例如很多文章没有标题，甚至通篇没有一个完整的句子，而是用词、数字、缩写、短语等 来替代。 2. 就选材特点来说，信息量大，文句精练，形式灵活，用最小的篇幅表述最大量的信息。其中书信，招 聘和商品销售等广告，交通运输时刻表，日记等的比例较大。其内容特点表现为：生活化，实用化，多 样化。 3. 就形式特点而言，标题醒目，重点突出，条理清晰，常用粗体字或各类项目符号使文章结构更鲜明。 4. 就语言特点来说，文章充斥大量冗长而生僻的专有名词，如人名、地名、机构名、组织名、书籍名、作 品名等等，而且没有汉语注释。缩略词、祈使句、省略句多。 5. 在行文方式方面，应用文的每种文体都有固定的格式。叙述性应用文采用一般记叙文的写作方法，无特 别之处；说明性应用文的行文呈排列式，即以小标题为单位逐一下行排列。 6. 就命题特点来说，高考英语应用文的设问一般是按照文章段落的顺序依次设置，主要考查考生提取信息 和处理信息的能力，既考查对特定细节的选取、排除、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查，题目设 置相对容易。具体讲来主要有四大类：(1)细节理解题，即要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节 进行理解。这一题型常见的命题方式有事实认定题、图形辨认题、数字运算题等。(2)推理判断题。这类 题主要考查考生根据文章的字面意思，通过分析语篇的逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度， 理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。(3)主旨大意题。该类题主要考查 考生对所读材料中心思想的概括.其考查形式有很多，如概括标题、主题、中心思想等。(4)词义猜测题， 即要求考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词的词义。 广告类阅读题的五大特点 1. 材料特点：大家知道，刊登广告是要钱的，为了节省费用，人们在拟写广告时往往都希望用最少的 篇幅表现最大量的信息，这就决定了广告类材料通常具有以下特点：信息量大，用词简练，形式灵活。 2. 内容特点：综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中广告类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息 息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。 4 3. 形式特点：做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告的内容，并为广告上所刊登的内容(产品 或服务等)买单。为了达到这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。 4. 用词特点：广告类阅读材料的用词有＂三多＂特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多； 三是缩略词、省略句多。 5. 命题特点：广告类阅读是近几年高考英语阅读理解最常考的题材，在阅读理解的选材中占有很大的 比重。命题者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，所以命题的题型多是以获取信息为主的细 节理解题。 命题趋势 1. 考点趋势：今后对语篇领悟能力的检测仍是高考的重点和基本点，同时还需关注对主旨大意题和文 章结构题的考查。 2. 理解层次趋势：表层意义理解题减少，深层含义理解题增多。考查难度有所增加，由简单寻找信息 向多层次细节推理的趋势比较明显。 3. 信息量和词汇量：阅读理解材料信息浓缩，词汇总量减少，但对词汇量的考查在加大，非考纲词汇 有所增加(主要为词根加上前、后缀或有词义转化的词)。旨在引导学生掌握词汇的合成、派生和转化，让考 生能通过上下文或构词法来理解词汇的含义。《考试说明》中＂根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义＂这一新 要求预示对能力要求有所提高。 4. 句子的难度：长句增多，句子难度加大。复合句、省略句、倒装句和插入语等语言现象普遍。 5. 体裁和题材：继续体现体裁和题材多样化，并彰显英语国家语言与文化特点，强化文化意识的渗透。 题材涉猎广泛，体现＂语言是文化的载体＂这一理念。 5 题组一（2018 年高考真题） Passage1(2018·全国新课标卷 I，A) Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability – and the cherry blossoms – disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (7 miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 21. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. 6 C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. D. Safety lights. Passage2(2018·全国新课标卷 II，A) Summer Activities Students should read the list with their parents/careers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/careers will be asked to sign to confirm their child’s choices. Activity Description Member of staff Cost Outdoor Adventure (OUT) Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week, discover new personal qualities, and learn new skills. You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor. Learn rock climbing and work as a team, and enjoy the great outdoor environment. Mr. Clemens £140 WWI Battlefields and Paris (WBP) On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London, we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefields. On Day 3 we cross into Belgium. Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. Our final day, Friday, sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights. Mrs. Milson £425 Crafty Foxes Four days of product design centred around textiles. Making lovely objects using recycled and made materials. Bags, cushions and Mrs. Goode £30 7 (CRF) decorations...Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual textiles. Potty about Potter (POT) Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in Streatley-on -Thames, guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations, picnic lunch outside Oxford’s Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks, before heading back to Exeter. Miss Drake £150 21. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping? A. OUT. B. WBP. C. CRF. D. POT. 22. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson? A. Travel to London. B. See a parade and fireworks. C. Tour central Paris. D. Visit the WWI battlefields. 23. How long does Potty about Potter last? A. Two days. B. Four days. C. Five days. D. One week. Passage3(2018·全国新课标卷 III，A) Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens Visitor Information How to Get to Holker By Car: Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere-20 minutes, Kendal-25 minutes, Lancaster-45 minutes, Manchester-1 hour 30 minutes. By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports. Opening Times Sunday-Friday (closed on Saturday)11:00 am-4:00pm, 30th March-2nd November. Admission Charges Hall & Gardens Gardens 8 Adults: £12.00 £8.00 Groups: £9.00 £5.50 Special Events Producers’ Market 13th April Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas. Holker Garden Festival 30th May The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening. National Garden Day 28th August Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide. Winter Market 8th November This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifs while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment. 21. How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester? A.20 minutes. B.25 minutes. C.45 minutes. D.90 minutes. 22.How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit to Hall & Gardens? A.£l2.00. B. £9.00. C. £8.00. D. £5.50. 23.Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show? A. Producers’ Market. B. Holker Garden Festival. C. National Garden Day. D. Winter Market. Passage4(2018·天津卷，A) Fire Prevention Information The University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置) systems, fire alarms, and fire extinguishers (灭火器). They also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence halls. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room. Fire Alarms The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的) fire alarm systems which include fire alarm 9 pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄) these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment. Fire Drills A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following: ·Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room. ·Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit; do not use a lift. ·Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions. Fire Extinguishers Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property. Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines. Smoke Detectors A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector: ●If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking(闪动), contact residence hall staff immediately. ●Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way. ●If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff. 36. What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals? A. To provide part-time jobs for students. B. To lead the students to the nearest exits. C. To check and maintain fire prevention equipment. D. To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals. 37. What do the automatic fire alarm systems include? A. Pipes and smoke detectors. B. Smoke detectors and sprinklers. C. Fire alarm pull stations and pipes. D. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations. 38. In a fire drill, the students should ___________. 10 A. rush quickly to a lift B. gather at the nearest exit C. shut the door and leave at once D. wait for instructions in the hall 39. What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers? A. Using them wrongly results in punishment. B. Irresponsible use of them can damage them. C. Improper use of them can destroy the apartment. D. Using them without a trainer present is forbidden. 40. To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should_________. A. contact the hall staff regularly B. cover the things that burn easily C. start the smoke detector in a fire D. make certain the red light is working 题组二（2017 年高考真题） Passage1(2017·全国新课标卷 I，A) Pacific Science Center Guide ◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome. ◆Hungry? Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour Pacific Science Center closes. ◆Rental Information Lockers are available to store any belongs during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required. ◆Support Pacific Science Center 11 Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center. 21. Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center? A. In Building 1. B. In Building 3. C. At the Laser Dome. D. At the Denny Way entrance. 22. What does Pacific Science Center do for schools? A. Train science teachers. B. Distribute science books. C. Inspire scientific research. D. Take science to the classroom. 23. What is the purpose of the last part of the text? A. To encourage donations. B. To advertise coming events. C. To introduce special exhibits. D. To tell about the Center’s history. Passage2(2017·全国新课标卷 II，A ) In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeare’s plays in their own language, in our globe, within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for. please come and join us. National Theatre Of China Beijing|Chinese This great occasion(盛会) will be the national Theatre of China’s first visit to the UK. The company’s productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production of Shakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s Associate Director, Wang Xiaoying. Date &Time: Saturday 28 April,2.30pm&Sunday 29 April,1.30pm&6.30pm Marjanishvili Theatre Tbilisi |Georgian One of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, founded in 1928,appears regularly at theatre 12 festivals all over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed （指导）by the company’s Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze. Date & Time : Friday 18May,2.30pm&Saturday 19May,7.30pm Deafinitely Theatre London | British Sign Language （BSL） By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience. Date&Time: Tueaday 22 May,2.30pm&Wednesday 23 May,7.30pm Habima National Theatre Tel Aviv| Hebrew The Habima is the centre of Hebrew-language theatre worldwide, Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s,Since 1958,they have been recognized as the national theatre of Israel. This production of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK. Date &Time: Monday 28May,7.30&Tuesday 29 May,7.30pm 21.which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China? A. Richard Ⅲ. B. Lover’s Labour’s Lost. C.As You Like It. D. The merchant of Venice. 22.What is special about Deafinnitely Theatre? A. It has two groups of actors. B. It is the leading theatre in London. C. It performs plays in BSL. D. It is good at producing comedies. 23.When can you see a play in Hebrew? A. On Saturday 28Apil. B. On Sunday 29 April. C. On Tuesday 22 May. D. On Tuesday 29 May. Passage3(2017·全国新课标卷 III，A) San Francisco Fire Engine Tours 13 San Francisco Winery Tour Running: February 1st through April 30th This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in tickets price) Departing from the Cannery: Tour times upon request. Duration(时长): 2 hours Price: $90 Back to the Fifties Tour Running: August 16th through August 31st This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream. Departing from the Cannery: 5:00 pm and 7:00 pm Duration: 2 hours Price: $90 Spooky Halloween Tour Running: October 10th through October 31st Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district. Authentic fire gear(服装) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco. Departing from the Cannery: 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes Price: Available upon request Holiday Lights Tour Running: December 6th through December 23nd This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francis’s most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit. Departing from the Cannery: 7:00 pm and 9:00 pm Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes Advance reservations required. 21. Which of the tours is available in March? 14 A. San Francisco Winery Tour. B. Back to the Fifties Tour. C. Spooky Hallowen Tour. D. Holiday Lights Tour. 22. What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tours? A. Go to Treasure Island. B. Enjoy the holiday scenes. C. Have free ice cream. D. Visit the Presidio district. 23. What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour? A. Take some drinks. B. Set off early in the morning. C. Wear warm clothes. D. Make reservations in advance. Passage4(2017·天津卷，A) Suppose you’re in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble. Realisation will probably set in seconds after you’ve clicked ＂send＂. You freeze in horror and burn with shame. What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover. Clicking ＂send＂ too soon Don’t waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored. Writing the wrong time The sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured: don’t handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names). Clicking ＂reply all＂ unintentionally You accidentally reveal( 透 露 )to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff 15 Christmas dinner, or what holiday you’d like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting ＂reply all ＂ to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down. Sending an offensive message to its subject The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you’re discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person. 36. After realising an email accident, you are likely to feel _______. A. curious B. tired C. awful D. funny 37. If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to ________. A. apologise in a serious manner B. tell the receiver to ignore the error C. learn to write the name correctly D. send a short notice to everyone 38. What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your ＂reply all＂ email? A. Try offering other choices. B. Avoid further involvement. C. Meet other staff members. D. Make a light-hearted apology. 39. How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email? A. By promising not to offend the receiver again. B. By seeking support from the receiver’s friends. C. By asking the receiver to control his anger. D. By talking to the receiver face to face. 40. What is the passage mainly about? A. Defining email errors. B. Reducing email mistakes. 16 C. Handling email accidents. D. Improving email writing. 题组三（2016 年高考真题） Passage 1(2016•新课标全国卷 I，A) You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams(1860—1935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson(1907—1964) If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans. Sandra Day O’Connor(1930—present) When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. Rosa Parks(1913—2005) On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. ＂The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,＂ said Parks. 21. What is Jane Addams noted for in history? A. Her social work. B. Her teaching skills. C. Her efforts to win a prize. D. Her community background. 22. What was the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm? 17 A. Her lack of proper training in law. B. Her little work experience in court. C. The discrimination against women. D. The poor financial conditions. 23. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.? A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson. C. Sandra Day O’Connor. D. Rosa Parks. 24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? A. They are highly educated. B. They are truly creative. C. They are pioneers. D. They are peace-lovers. Passage 2(2016•新课标全国卷 II，A) What’s On? Electric Underground 7.30pm–1.00am Free at the Cyclops Theatre Do you know who’s playing in your area? We’re bringing you an exciting evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so， come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music. Gee Whizz 8.30pm–10.30pm Comedy at Kaleidoscope Come and see Gee Whizz perform. He’s the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐). Simon’s Workshop 5.00pm–7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage 18 This is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny. Charlotte Stone 8.00pm–11.00pm Pizza World Fine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食). Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine. 21. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced? A. Jules Skye. B. Gee Whizz. C. Charlotte Stone. D. James Pickering. 22. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh? A. The Cyclops Theatre. B. Kaleidoscope. C. Victoria Stage. D. Pizza World. 23. What do we know about Simon’s Workshop? A. It requires membership status. B. It lasts three hours each time. C. It is run by a comedy club. D. It is held every Wednesday 24. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs? A. 5.00pm–7.30pm. B. 7.30pm–1.00am. C. 8.00pm–11.00pm. D. 8.30pm–10.30pm. Passage 3(2016•新课标全国卷 III，A) Music Opera at Music Hall：1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone: 241–2742. http://www.cityopera.com. 19 Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June. Call 723–1182 for more information. http://www.chamberorch.com. Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales, call 381–3300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall and in summer at Riverbend. http://www.symphony.org/home.asp. College Conservatory of Music (CCM): Performances are on the main campus(校园) of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known Lasalle Quartet, CCM’s Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I.D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556–4183. http://www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar. Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference). Big name shows all summer long! Phone:232–6220. http:///www.riverbendmusic.com. 21. Which number should you call if you want to see an opera? A. 241–2742. B. 723–1182. C. 381–3300. D. 232–6220. 22. When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra? A. February. B. May. C. August. D. November. 23. Where can student go for free performances with their I.D. cards? A. Music Hall. B. Memorial Hall. C. Patricia Cobbett Theater. D. Riverbend Music Theater. 24. How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places? A. It has seats in the open air. B. It gives shows all year round. C. It offers membership discounts. D. It presents famous musical works. Passage 4(2016•天津卷，A) 20 A Language Programme for Teenagers Welcome to Teenagers Abroad! We invite you to join us on an amazing journey of language learning. Our Courses Regardless of your choice of course, you’ll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively. Our Standard Course guarantees a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language, with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas — speaking, listening, reading and writing. Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course, with 10 additional lessons per week, guaranteeing the fastest possible language learning (see table below). Course Type Days Number of Lessons Course Timetable Standard Course Mon－Fri 20 lessons 9:00—12:30 20 lessons 9:00—12:30Intensive Course Mon－Fri 10 lessons 13:00—14:30 Evaluation Students are placed into classes according to their current language skills. The majority of them take an online language test before starting their programme. However, if this is not available, students sit the exam on the first Monday of their course. Learning materials are provided to students throughout their course, and there will never be more than 15 participants in each class. Arrivals and Transfer Our programme offers the full package — students are taken good care of from the start through to the very end. They are collected from the airport upon arrival and brought to their accommodation in comfort. We require the student’s full flight details at least 4 weeks in advance. Meals/Allergies(过敏)/Special Dietary Requirements Students are provided with breakfast, dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch(which consists of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert). Snacks outside of mealtimes may be purchased by the student individually. We ask that you let us know of any allergies or dietary requirements as well as information about any medicines you take. Depending on the type of allergies and/or dietary requirements, an extra charge may be made for providing special food. 36. How does Intensive Course differ from Standard Course? A. It is less effective. 21 B. It focuses on speaking. C. It includes extra lessons. D. It gives you confidence. 37. When can a student attend Standard Course? A. 13:00—14:30 Monday. B. 9:00—12:30 Tuesday. C. 13:00—14:30 Friday. D. 9:00—12:30 Saturday. 38. Before starting their programme, students are expected to ____________. A. take a language test B. have an online interview C. prepare learning materials D. report their language levels 39. With the full package, the programme organizer is supposed to___________. A. inform students of their full flight details B. look after students throughout the programme C. offer students free sightseeing trips D. collect students’ luggage in advance 40. Which of the following may require an extra payment? A. Cooked dinner. B. Mealtime dessert. C. Packed lunch. D. Special diet. 题组四（名校模拟题） Passage 1(辽宁省大连八中 2019 届高三上学期统练二英语试题) As a leading Chinese language school and a cultural exchange Institute in China, Global Exchange Education Center has been providing Mandarin language courses and cultural exchange programs for a decade. How to apply for our programs ■ In order to apply for all of our programs, you must be at least 18 years old. in good health. a senior high school graduate. 22 ■ Application Procedure for Chinese Language Programs Step 1. Send us a completed application form by email or fax. Step 2. Send us $ 60 application fee after receiving our email confirmation. Step 3. Arrange the payment transfer. Step 4. Plan the trip to Beijing. ■Application Procedure for Chinese Business Internship (实习) Program Step 1. Send us a completed application form with your CV and personal statement for the program by email or fax. Step 2. Send us $ 310，including $ 60 application fee and $ 250 internship placement deposit, after receiving our letter of acceptance for the program. Step 3. Arrange final payment transfer after receiving our second confirmation. Step 4. Plan the trip to Beijing. ■ Personal Statement for applicants for Chinese Business Internship Program You should state why you want to take this program and what your expectations of the program are. How you will make use of this program in your future career. ■Application Deadlines The applications for most programs are reviewed on a rolling basis. You are encouraged to submit your application ahead of the application deadlines. ■Confirmation Having received your application. Global Exchange Education Center usually sends out an email confirmation for the booking within 2-5 working days. Please click here for more information. 1.The text is probably written for ________. A. junior high graduates B. language trainers C. job seekers D. international students 2.If you apply for both of the programs, the total application fees will be ________. A. $310 B. $120 C. $250 D. $370 3.Where can you possibly read this passage? A. poster B. internet C. brochure D. news report 23 Passage 2(广东省肇庆市 2019 届高三第一次统测试题) Want to choose a picture book to enjoy? Here are four popular books sold on the website of Amazon, Read and choose your favourite. The Relatives Came by Cynthia Rylant So many beautiful memories are collected when relatives come to visit. Join in the fun as a family gets together for a summer they will never forget. Warm and inviting language as well as wonderful pictures brings the story of this family’s summer get-together to life. Available from Amazon. S11. 26 Jabari Jumps by Gaia Cornwall You know that feeling when you're as excited as you are scared to make a jump. That's how Jabari feels about his first jump off the diving board. He knows how to swim. He knows jumping off surely looks fun. But is he brave enough to make a jump? With some gentle encouragement from his loving father, Jabari jumps. Available from Amazon. $5.56 There Might Be Lobsters by Carolyn Crimi Meet Suki. She's a small dog with a big fear of the beach. When a rescue is in order, Suki saves the day proving that there's nothing to fear but fear itself. It is a perfect picture book for kids who are afraid to try new experiences. It opens the door to calming dialogues and messages of bravery and victory. Available from Amazon. $11.84 Three Little Words by Amy Novesky Dory's "Just keep swimming!" message of never giving up is perfect for anyone who has ever felt like they were drowning. Follow Dory to an unforgettable adventure as she finds her way in this beautiful adventure of friendship and survival. Available from Amazon. $12.061 1.What do we know about The Relatives Came? A. It tells a story of adventure. B. It is the cheapest picture book. C. It's about a boy's memories. D. It's about a family get-together. 2.Which book tells how to overcome fears by helping others? A. The Relatives Came. 24 B. Jabari Jumps. C. There Might Be Lobsters. D. Three Little Words. 3.What does the book by Amy Novesky inspire its readers to do? A. Learn to swim. B. Never give up. C. Love their friends. D. Have an adventure. Passage 3(2017 届山西省孝义市高三下学期高考考前质量检测三) Leeds Library Calendar Monday 10 April 18:00-20:00 Leeds Centre for Victorian Studies — The Gott collection and the Yorkshire Landscape. Nicole Harding talks aboutte Gott collection. Admission: FREE Saturday 6 May 13:00-15:30 Members’ Film Club: The Best Actor and Actress Season There Will Be Blood(15) 158 mins. Daniel Plainview (Day Lewis) is a down-and-out silver miner who strikes it rich and becomes an oil tycoon. When he learns of a small oil-rich town in Californis, he moves there with his adopted son. Using his son to project the image of a caring family man, Plainview gains the cooperation of almost all the locals in the town, with promises to help develop their community but over time, Plainview’s gradual accumulation of wealth and power causes his true self to surface. Admission: €3(including a glass of wine). To book please click here. Wednesday 17 May 18:00-20:00 Member’s Film Club: The Best Actor and Actress Season Born Yesterday (PG) 116 mins. Judy Holliday plays Billie Dawn, the dumb blonde girlfriend of Harry Brook (Broderick Crawford), a corrupt millionaire junk dealer. Brock, a man with social ambitions, is embarrassed by Billie’s rube behavior, so he 25 arranges for her to take a crash course in culture from a handsome, young journalist (Willian Holden). Billie learns really quickly under his kind guide and becomes increasingly aware of her role in Brock’s business deals. Admission: €3(including a glass of wine). To book please click here. Thursday 8 June 18:00-20:30 Big Book End Event: In Conversation With Candace Robb and Chris Nickson Historian and historical crime fiction author, Candace Robb will be in conversation with historical crime fiction author, Chris Nickson on Thurs 8 June, 7 p.m. at the Leeds Library. Admission: €3 To book please click here. 1.What film will be shown on 6th May? A. Judy Holliday. B.A Glass of Wine. C. There Will Be Blood. D. Born Yesterday. 2.What do we know about Billie Dawn from Born Yesterday? A. She is embarrassed by he bad manners. B. She realizes what to be expected of her. C. She contributes to her family business. D. She admires her course teacher. 3.Who will attend Big Book End Event at the Leeds Library? A. Candace Robb. B. William Holden. C. Daniel Plainview. D. Broderick Crawford. Passage 4(山西省吕梁市 2018 届高三阶段性测试) A good book is indeed the best friend sf a person. The same goes for outstanding CEOs of world recognized companies as well. Let’s have a look at the favorite books of some of the world-famous CEOs of the globe. Microsoft CEO(Former)-Bill Gates, The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger A few themes explored in the novel are rebellion（叛逆）, anxiety and confusion. It acknowledges that young people are a little confused, but can be smart about things and see things that adults don’t really see. Gates said, “ I didn’t actually read The Catcher in the Rye until I was 13, and ever since then I’ve said that’s my favorite book.” OWN CEO-Oprah Winfrey, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee This book talks about how a little girl observes the people around her. Winfrey said, “I read it in eighth or ninth 26 grade, and I was trying to recommend the book to other kids. So it makes sense to me that now I have a book club, because I have been doing that probably since I read this book.” Apple CEO-Tim Cook, Competing A gainst Time by George Stalk Jr. And Thomas M. Hout This book is based on 10 years of precious research done by the authors. It talks about how newer concepts of managing time in new product development, production and sales and distribution provide companies with the edge to succeed in this highly competitive world. 1.Which may be chosen by parents to learn about kids disobeying rules? A. Competing A gainst Time. B. The Catcher in the Rye. C. Napoleon. D. To Kill a Mockingbird. 2.Who enjoys reading the life story of a great person? A. Tim Cook. B. Bill Gates. C. Larry Ellison. D. Oprah Winfrey. 3.What can be inferred from Winfrey’s words? A. She loved reading when young. B. She read the book with other kids. C. The book has an influence on her career. D. The book is about a girl’s thoughts. 27 题组一 Passage1 【文章大意】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章介绍了骑自行车到 Washington, D.C.旅游的四种路线的相关 行程及注意事项。 22.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章 Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.中的 Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks.可知， 在这个活动中，你可以享受有趣的故事。故选 D。 23.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章 Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour 中的 All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.可知，所有骑行者都要装备反光背心和安全手电筒。故 选 D。 Passage2 【文章大意】本文是一篇广告布告类说明文。文中讲述了家长和孩子一起挑选可以参加的活动。文中分 别对这些活动的名称，活动内容，活动特色和活动组织工作人员还有活动的价格进行了详细的描述。 21.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的 go camping，我们可以迅速浏览到第一个活动当中的 wild camping (野外露营)这个关键信息。故选 A。 23.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的信息 Potty about Potter last 我们从最后一种活动来寻找答案。关键 信息 overnight 意为“一夜的逗留”。故这个活动是持续两天。故选 A。*网 Passage 3 【文章大意】文章为旅游指南。文章主要介绍了去 Holker Hall& Garden 旅游的相关信息，如：出行方 式，开放时间，旅行费用以及主要活动等。 21.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段 How to Get to Holker 中 By car 里 Approximate travel times 后面内容 可知，从 Manchester 到 Holker 要用 1 hour and 30 minutes，即 90 分钟，故选 D。 22.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据 Admission Charges 可知，团体中的一员去 Hall & Gardens 需要支付 9 英 28 镑。故选 B。 23.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段 Winter Market 中最后一句 Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.可知，如果想去看现场表演需 要去 Winter Market。故选 D。 Passage 4 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从火警、消防训练、灭火器和烟雾探测器的使用等方面介 绍了一些防火信息。 36.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段 They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置）systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers (灭火器).可知，专职消防人员主要职 责是检查、测试和维护所有的校园建筑物防火装备。故选 C。 37.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章 Fire Alarms 中的句子 Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.可知，火灾自动报警系统由热探测器、 烟雾探测器和喷头组成。故选 B。 39.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章 Fire Extinguishers 中的句子 Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.可知，误用灭火器会导致罚款。故选 A。 40.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章 Smoke Detector 中的句子 If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking（闪动），contact residence hall staff immediately.可知， 烟雾探测器是否安全运行，看红灯是否闪动。故选 D。 题组二 Passage1 【文章大意】本文主要从购物点、就餐点、租借服务三方面介绍了 Pacific Science Center，并展示了 Pacific Science Center 为人们做的贡献，呼吁人们的支持。 21.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的 The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.可知 Pacific Science Center 的购物点在 Laser Dome 旁边的 3 号楼的楼上。故选 B。 22.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的 Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over 29 Washington State 可知现在 Pacific Science Center 每年向 130 多万人提供服务，并开始把科学教育带 到教室。故选 D。 23.A 【解析】目的意图题。根据文章最后一段中的 Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.可知作者呼吁读者支持 Pacific Science Center，也就是鼓励人们为之提供 帮助、做贡献。故选 A。 Passage2 【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了莎士比亚的戏剧被翻译成几个国家的语言，并将在这些 国家的大剧院上映的有关情况。 21.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据＂This great occasion(盛会) will be the national Theatre of China’s first visit to the UK .以及 This production of Shakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s Associate Director,Wang Xiaoying＂，可知 Richard III 将要在中国国家大剧院上映。故选 A。 23.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据＂Date&Time:Monday 28May,7.30&Tuesday 29 May,7.30pm＂可知，可 以在 5 月 29 日，星期二这一天，在希伯来观看戏剧。故选 D。 Passage3 【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了美国旧金山的四个旅游活动和路线。 21.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一则广告中的＂Running: February 1st through April 30th＂可知，这个旅 游活动是从 2 月份持续到 4 月份。 22.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二则广告中的＂Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream＂ 可知，在活动中人们可以享受到免费的冰激凌。 23.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一个活动中的 ＂Advance reservations required＂可知，参加 Holiday Lights Tour 需要人们提前预约。 Passage4 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，介绍了因为失误而发错信息的补救方法。 36. C 【解析】根据第二段第二句 You freeze in horror and burn with shame.可知选 C。 37. A 【 解 析 】 根 据 第 二 个 标 题 句 Writing the wrong time 后 面 的 内 容 Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured: don’t handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture (i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese 30 names). 可知选 A。 38.B 【解析】根据倒数第二段最后一句 In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down 可知选 B。 39.D 【解析】根据最后一段中的 In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry 可知选 D。 40.C 【解析】前三段内容通过问问题和说明情况，并介绍处理邮件问题的具体方法，由此可以判断出本文 主要讲的是处理邮件问题。故选 C。 题组三 Passage1 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了几位著名的女性，她们在各自的领域作出了非凡的贡献。 21. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段首句可知她是一位社会工作者，而且获得诺贝尔和平奖。故选 A。 24. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章对这几个人物的介绍可知，这些女性都是在各自的领域为社会做出 贡献的先驱。故选 C。 【技巧点拨 】细节理解题的解题思路：可以先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略 读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。 Passage2 【文章大意】本文属于广告类阅读，分别介绍了四则广告 Electric Underground、Gee Whizz、Simon’s Workshop、Charlotte Stone 的具体内容及细节信息。整篇文章难度较小。 21.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一则广告最后一句 He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music 可知 Jules Skye 可以教你如何制作音乐。那么如果你想做你自己的音乐，你就 可以去找他。故 A 正确。 22.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二则广告第三句 This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest 可知，这场表演能够让所有年龄段的人都开心，而该表演的场所在 Kaleidoscope。故 B 正确。 23.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三则广告第二行中的＂5.00 pm–7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage＂可 知 Simon’s Workshop 的表演是在每周三下午 5 点至 7 点 30 之间进行。故 D 项正确。 31 24.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四则广告中的＂8.00pm–11.00pm Pizza World＂可知 Charlotte Stone 将 在晚上 8 点至 11 点之间表演她最受欢迎的歌曲。故 C 项正确。 【名师点睛】 本文属于广告类短文，所考查的四题均为细节理解题中的直接信息题。细节理解题主要考查考生对文 章中某些细节或重要事实的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语意理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原 文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要考生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。 做此类题时可以使用定位法与跳读法。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应 的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干 和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行分析和推理等， 从而找出正确答案。 以第 22 小题为例，我们根据题干中的＂people of different ages enjoy a good laugh(所有年龄段的人都能 够看得很开心)＂直接定位第二则广告第三句＂This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest＂可知这场表演能够让所有年龄段的人都很开心，故选择 B 项。 Passage3 【文章大意】文章是一篇广告类短文。共介绍了五个与音乐有关的活动，包括举办的地点，举办时间， 活动内容和联系方式等。 23.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据 with their I.D. cards 定位到第四个活动中的＂Students with I.D. cards can attend the events for free.＂和 usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater 可知答案，故选 C。 24.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据 Riverbend Music Theater 定位到最后一个活动，根据＂Large outdoor theater with the closest seats＂可知，Riverbend Music Theater 是一个露天剧院，不同的座位，其价格也是不 同的，由此可知，Riverbend Music Theater 的座位是在室外的；根据＂all summer long＂排除 B；C 项 和 D 项在最后一个活动中没被提到。故选 A。 【名师点睛】 阅读理解中细节理解题的干扰项的设置有以下几个原则： 1. 包含项原则 在答案选项分析中，假如对 A 选项的理解概括了对其他三项 (或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选 项 A 与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项 A 往往就是正确答案。如在＂花＂与＂玫瑰＂两个选项中，正 32 确答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。 2. 正反项原则 所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。两个相互矛盾的陈述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。 所以在阅读理解中，假如四个选项中 A、B 互为正反项，那我们通常先排除 C、D 项，正确答案一般在 A、B 项当中。 3. 委婉项原则 所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。 这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably，possibly， may，usually，might， most of， more or less，relatively，be likely to，not necessary，although，yet，in addition，tend to，be liable to 等 等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must，always，never，all，every，any，merely， only，completely，none，hardly，already 等等。 4. 同形项原则 命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围中，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解 能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项中有正确答案的存在。 5. 常识项原则 在议论文当中，那些符合一般常识、意义深刻富有哲理、符合一般规律、属于普遍现象的选项往往是 正确答案。 6. 因果项原则 阅读理解的逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推理题型的选 项中，有的选项会推理不到位(止于前因)，或者推理过头(止于后果)，这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则规定： 假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是这两个因果项中的其中之一。 如果因项可以产生几个结果，那么答案就是因项；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果项。 Passage4 【文章大意】这是一则广告。介绍一个语言学习课程的课程设置以及学习、生活方面的要求。 37.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据表格的第二行可知，学生可以在星期二的 9 点到 12 点半参加标准课程。 故选 B。 38.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据 Evaluation 这段的句子 The majority of them take an online language test 可 知，在开始课程之前，学生需要参加一个语言考试。故选 A。 33 39.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据 Arrivals and Transfer 这部分里面的第一句可知，如果是 full package， 课程的组织者应该在整个课程的过程中照顾学生。故选 B。 40.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句话可知，特殊的饮食可能要额外付款。故选 D。 【名师点睛】这是一篇广告布告类阅读理解，这种题目一般是比较简单的，以考查细节题为主。可以使用 信息筛选法做题。为了节省时间，可以用先看题目，带着题目在文中寻读的方法找到信息句，理解并找出 正确答案。 题组四 Passage1 【文章大意】本文是一则广告，介绍了 Global Exchange Education Center 为国际学生提供的普通话课程 和文化交流项目的具体信息，包括申请步骤、缴费等信息。 2.B 【解析】数字计算题。根据“Step 2. Send us $ 310，including $ 60 application fee and $ 250 internship placement deposit, after receiving our letter of acceptance for the program.”可知真正的申请费用是$ 60，两 个项目是$ 120。故 B 项正确。 3.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一句“Please click here for more information.请点击这里获取更多信息”， 其中“click”是网页上常见的链接词汇，故 B 项正确。*网 Passage 2 【文章大意】本文是一篇广告，介绍了亚马逊网站上销售的四本畅销书籍的内容、意义和价格。 1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据 The Relatives Came by Cynthia Rylant 中 Join in the fun as a family gets together for a summer they will never forget.和……brings the story of this family’s summer get-together to life.可知这本书描写了家庭团聚的美好，是关于家庭团聚的。故选 D。 2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据 There Might Be Lobsters by Carolyn Crimi 中 It is a perfect picture book for kids who are afraid to try new experiences. It opens the door to calming dialogues and messages of bravery and victory.可知这本书能够帮助孩子们克服恐惧，变得勇敢去取得胜利。故选 C。 3.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据 Three Little Words by Amy Novesky 中 Dory's" Just keep swimming!" message of never giving up 可知这本书给读者们传递了永不放弃的信息，鼓励读者们不要放弃。故选 B。 Passage3 34 【文章大意】本文为一则广告，介绍了四月份到六月份在 Leeds Library 要进行的四个活动。 1.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段可知 6 May 要上映 There Will Be Blood，故选 C。 2.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第三句话 Billie learns really quickly under his kind guide and becomes increasingly aware of her role in Brock’s business deals.可知 Billie 越来越意识到她被期待做的事，故 选 B。 3.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段 Historian and historical crime fiction author, Candace Robb will be in conversation with historical crime fiction author, Chris Nickson on Thurs 8 June, 7 p.m. at the Leeds Library.可知 Candace Robb 将要在 Leeds Library 出席 Big Book End Event，故选 A。 Passage4 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了世界著名的 CEO 喜欢读的一些书。 3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中 So it makes sense to me that now I have a book club, because I have been doing that probably since I read this book.可知，从 Winfrey 的话语中可以推断出这本书对她的事业 有影响。故选 C。