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Unit 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Section B Reading and Thinking
核心词汇
词汇一
puzzle
(
1
)
n.
谜;智力游戏;疑问 (
2
)
vt.
迷惑;使困惑
◆教材原句
Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this
puzzle
.
了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。
◆要点必记
solve a puzzle
解决难题
in a puzzle
不知如何是好,感到困惑
puzzle over/about
苦苦思索
crossword puzzle
填字游戏
◆词语积累
puzzlement
n.
迷惑,困惑
puzzled
adj.
感到迷惑的
puzzling
adj.
令人迷惑的
说明:
-ing
形容词常说明事物的性质;
-ed
形容词常说明人的感受或修饰人的表情、声音等。
题组练
·
领悟方法
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
The girl looked at me with a
expression. Maybe the problem was quite
.
(
puzzle
)
(
2
)
Facing the
situation
,
the chief manager looked
.
(
puzzle
)
◆单句写作
(
3
)
People have long
(苦苦思索)
how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.
(
4
)
Jack
(感到困惑)
that Nicholas didn’t seem to recognize him.
(
5
)
I explained the
(令人困惑的问题)
carefully
,
but from his
(迷惑的表情),
I knew he was still in
(困惑)
.
puzzled
puzzling
puzzling
puzzled
puzzled over/ about
was/felt puzzled
puzzling question
puzzled look
a puzzle
词汇二
join... to...
把
……
和
……
连接或联结起来
◆要点必记
join A to/and B
把
A
和
B
连接起来
connect... to/with/and...
把
……
与
……
连接起来(具体含义)
join in
参加;加入
join
(
with
)
sb. in doing sth.
和某人一起做某事
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)[词汇复现]
Every
individual
or group is joined
the world by the Internet.
(
2
)
In the evening there was a barbecue
,
with the whole village
(
join
)
in the fun.
◆单句写作
(
3
)
one section of pipe
(把
……
和
……
连接起来)
the next.
to
joining
Join
to/and
词汇三
break away
(
from sb./sth.
)(
1
)脱离 (
2
)背叛 (
3
)逃脱
◆教材原句
Finally
,
in the 20th century
,
the southern part of Ireland
broke away from
the UK
,
which resulted in the full name we have today...
最后,在
20
世纪,爱尔兰南部脱离英国,形成了我们今天的全称
……
◆要点必记
break down
出故障;垮掉;失败
break into
强行闯入
break in
(强行进入)打断,搅扰
break through
突破
break out
(战争、火灾等)突然发生,爆发
break up
(团体)解散;(关系)破裂
◆单句写作
(
1
)
With so many problems unsettled
,
a few countries wanted to
(脱离)
the Union.
(
2
)
The boy
(挣脱)
his mother and ran away.
◆单句语法填空
(
3
)
The Union first consisted of several countries
,
one of which broke away
it later because of conflicts.
(
4
)
It was the fact that his car broke
on the way this afternoon that made him late for the meeting.
(
5
)
The fire broke
during the day
,
and therefore almost no one was injured.
break away from
broke away from
from
down
out
词汇四
result in
导致,造成
◆教材原句
Finally
,
in the 20th century
,
the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK
,
which
resulted in
the full name we have today...
最后,在
20
世纪,爱尔兰南部脱离英国,形成了我们今天的全称
……
◆要点必记
result in
导致,造成
result from
由于
as a result
因此,结果
as a result of
由于
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
The terrible accident resulted
careless driving.
(
2
)[词汇复现]
The accident resulted
heavy
losses
because many cultural relics were destroyed.
(
3
)
He studies very hard. As
result
,
he now speaks brilliant English.
(
4
)
He has a preference for literature as a result
the influence from his mother.
◆句型转换
(
5
)
His failure resulted from not working hard enough.
= _______________________________________________________________________
from
in
a
of
Not working hard enough resulted in his failure.
词汇五
refer to... as
把
……
称为
……
◆教材原句
People from the UK are called “British”
,
which means the UK is also often
referred to as
Britain or Great Britain.
来自英国的人被称为“
British”
,这意味着英国也经常被称为不列颠或大不列颠。
◆要点必记
(
1
)
refer to
指的是;提到;涉及;参考
refer to his experiences
谈到他的经历
refer to the problem about society
涉及社会问题
refer to a dictionary
查字典
refer to your notes
参考一下你的笔记
refer... to...
把
……
提交
……
;把
……
归功于
……
;把
……
称作
……
(
2
)
for future reference
供日后参考
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
Who do you think the teacher is referring
?
(
2
)
The scientist referred to the discovery
the most exciting new development in this field.
(
3
)
Write down the phone number of that restaurant for future
(
refer
)
.
◆单句写作
(
4
)
Some scientific stories this book
(提及)
have come true now.
(
5
)
When reading
,
you’d better avoid
(查阅字典)
too often.
(
6
)
Coal
(通常被称作)
a fossil fuel.
(
7
)
Put down the names of the products in your notebook
(供日后参考)
.
to
as
reference
refers to
referring to your dictionary
is usually referred to as
for future reference
词汇六
belong to
(
1
)属于(某人)(
2
)是(俱乐部、组织等)的成员 (
3
)是(某族类或纲目)的一部分
◆教材原句
The four countries that
belong to
the United Kingdom work together in some areas.
所属英国的四个部分在一些领域进行了合作。
◆要点必记
belong
vi.
应在(某处);适应
belongings
n.
(
pl.
)所有物;财产,财物
personal belongings
个人财物,私人用品
◆学法点拨
(
1
)
belong to
既不能用于被动语态,也 不能用于进行时态。但可用
belong to
的现在分词形式作后置定语。 (
2
)
to
是介词,后面可跟名词或代词作 宾语。
◆单句写作
(
1
)
Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future
(属于)
the well-educated.
(
2
)
He was upset that the valuable watch
(属于他的)
was lost yesterday.
◆单句语法填空
(
3
)
The old house
(
belong
)
to my grandfather was still in good condition.
(
4
)
I just escaped from the flood and all my
(
belong
)
were swept away.
(
5
)[词汇复现]
If someone belongs
a
particular
group
,
he or she is a member of that group.
belongs to
belonging to him
belonging
belongings
to
词汇七
as well as
(
1
)同(一样也) (
2
)和;还
◆教材原句
They use the same flag
,
known as the Union Jack
,
as well as
share the same currency and military
defence
.
他们使用同样的国旗,即英国国旗,还使用同样的货币和军事防御。
◆要点必记
A as well as/together with/along with B +
谓语动词
+
其他,谓语动词的单复数由
A
决定
◆学法点拨
not only A but also B
不但
A
……
而且
B
……
(强调
B
)
A as well as B
不但
B
……
而且
A
……
(强调
A
)
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
Peter as well as his friends
(
like
)
to listen to classical music.
(
2
)
Not only he but also his brothers
(
work
)
like mad at the moment.
(
3
)[词汇复现]
He gave me some good
tips
as well
some warnings.
(
4
)
Dr Smith
,
as well as his wife and daughters
,
(
be
)
going to visit Beijing this summer.
◆一句多译
他不但种花,而且种菜。
(
5
)
He grows vegetables
flowers.
(
6
)
He grows
vegetables
flowers.
likes
are working
as
is
as well as
not only
but also
词汇八
defence
n.
防御;保卫
◆要点必记
(
1
)
in defence of
为
……
辩护;捍卫,保卫
build up a defence
筑起一道防线
defence against
抵御
……
in one’s defence
站在某人一边;为某人辩护
come to one’s defence
出来保护某人
(
2
)
defend
vt.
保护;保卫
defend... from/against...
保护
……
免受伤害;保卫
……
defend oneself against...
为自己辩护
◆误区警示
defence
后接“入侵者”或“造成危害者” 时,介词用
against
;若接“被保护者”,则介词用
of
。
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
The town walls were built as a defence
enemy attacks.
(
2
)
Two rescue workers came to his
(
defend
)
when the accident happened.
(
3
)
All the policemen have been trained to defend themselves
the sudden attacks.
◆单句写作
(
4
)
Mr Green stood up
(为
……
辩护)
the little boy
,
saying that he was not the one to blame.
(
5
)
Thousands of young men came forward
,
willing to
(保卫他们的国家)
.
(
6
)
I have to say
(为她辩护)
that she knew nothing about the incident at first.
against
defence
from/against
in defence of
defend their country
in her defence
词汇九
legal
adj.
法律的;合法的
◆教材原句
...all have different education systems and
legal
systems.
……
都有不同的教育体系和法律体系。
◆要点必记
(
1
)
legal rights
合法权利
the legal profession/system
法律专业
/
体系
take legal advice
听取法律方面的建议
over the legal limit
超出法律允许范围
legal documents
法律文件
a legal adviser
法律顾问
(
2
)
illegal
非法的,违法的
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
The judge said that it was not legal
(
attack
)
other people with violence.
(
2
)
He was arrested for possession of
(
legal
)
drugs.
◆单句写作
(
3
) 他们参与了非法活动。
They were involved in
.
(
4
) 今天,越来越多的妇女学会站起来捍卫她们的合法权利。
More and more women today have learned to arise
.
to attack
illegal
illegal activities
in defence of their legal rights
词汇十
surround
vt.
围绕;包围
◆教材原句
...you will be
surrounded
by
evidence
of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
……
你都会被四个不同群体的证据所包围,他们在不同的历史时期接管了英国。
◆要点必记
be surrounded by/with...
被
……
环绕
/
包围
◆词语积累
surrounding
adj.
周围的,附近的(只用于名词前)
surroundings
n.
(复数)环境
◆单句写作
(
1
)
The garden
(由
……
包围着)
a hedge in which many small creatures can live.
◆单句语法填空
(
2
)[词汇复现]
The
poet
was surrounded
a
crowd
of people
,
eager
to hear his speech.
(
3
)
Mrs White found her husband
(
surround
)
by letters and papers and looking very worried.
(
4
)
(
surround
)
by the clear waters
,
this forest provides visitors with a wonderful chance to see some endangered birds in the wild.
(
5
)
They live in a beautiful village
,
with many trees and flowers
(
surround
)
it.
is surrounded by/with
by
surrounded
Surrounded
surrounding
词汇十一
evidence
n.
证据;证明
◆要点必记
(
1
)
good/clear/strong evidence
充分的
/
明显的
/
有力的证据
gather/collect evidence
收集证据
look for/search for evidence
寻找
/
搜寻证据
hide evidence
隐藏证据
There is evidence that...
有证据表明
……
medical/scientific evidence
医学
/
科学证据
give evidence
(出庭)作证
(
2
)
evident
adj.
明显的,显然的
It is evident that...
很明显
……
◆误区警示
一件证据
a piece of evidence
(√)
an evidence
(
×
)
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
Evidence has been found through years of study
children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
(
2
)
All the scientific evidence
(
show
)
that increasing use of chemicals in farming
(
be
)
damaging our health.
(
3
)
It is
(
evidence
)
that smoking is harmful to health.
◆单句写作
(
4
)
(有 证 据 表 明)
the ship sank in a bomb attack.
(
5
)
(很明显)
the man is highly thought of in the company.
that
shows
is
evident
There is evidence that
It is evident that
词汇十二
achievement
n.
(
1
)[
C
]成就,成绩 (
2
)[
U
]达到
◆教材原句
Some of their great
achievements
included building towns and roads.
他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。
◆要点必记
(
1
)
quite an achievement
了不起的成就
a sense of achievement
成就感
make an achievement/make achievements
做出成就
(
2
)
achieve success
获得成功
achieve one’s aim/goal
达到目的
/
实现目标
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
They felt a great sense of
to see their children’s
.
(
achieve
)
◆单句写作
(
2
)[词汇复现]
The
evidence
shows that they _______________________________
(已经做出巨大成就)
in many ways.
(
3
)
His laziness makes it impossible for him to
(获得成功)
.
(
4
)
He finally
(实现他的目标)
of being a scientist after years of struggle.
achievement
achievements
have made great achievements
achieve success
achieved his goal
词汇十三
include doing sth.
包含做某事
◆教材原句
Some of their great achievements
included building
towns and roads.
他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。
◆要点必记
include
vt.
包括
including
prep.
包括,包含
included
adj.
被包括的
◆误区警示
including
是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词;
included
是形容词,意为“包括在内的”,作后置定语。
包括两名同学:
including two schoolmates two schoolmates included
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)[
2018·
全国
Ⅲ
卷]
The classroom is a place for learning and that includes
(
learn
)
from textbooks
,
and mistakes as well.
(
2
)
In total 200 students went for the picnic
,
(
include
)
some from No. 3 Middle School.
(
3
)
The container contains many kinds of fruits
,
apples
(
include
)
.
(
4
)
There were five of us
,
(
include
)
a photographer and a cosmonaut.
(
5
)
As an adult you have a responsibility to look out for your children
,
which includes
(
have
)
some fun together.
learning
including
included
including
having
词汇十四
location
n.
地方
◆教材原句
...left behind lots of new vocabulary
,
and also the names of many
locations
across the UK.
……
留下了很多新词汇,以及英国许多地方的名字。
◆要点必记
(
1
)
the location of the factory
工厂的位置
the exact/precise location
确切位置
(
2
)
locate
vt.
坐落于;位于;找出
……
的 位置
be located in/on
坐落于,位于
locate Berlin on the map
在地图上找到柏林
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)[词汇复现]
The ancient people built towers in different
(
locate
)
for
military defence
.
(
2
)
China
(
locate
)
in the east of Asia with the area of 9
,
600
,
000 square kilometres.
◆单句写作
(
3
)
Mount Huang
(位于)
Anhui Province.
(
4
)
The centre
many historical sites.
(这个中心位于很容易到达许多古迹的地方。)
locations
is located
is located in
is located within easy reach of
词汇十五
battle
(
1
)
n.
战役;搏斗 (
2
)
vi.
&
vt.
搏斗;奋斗
◆教材原句
They conquered England after the well-known
Battle
of Hastings in the 11th century.
他们在
11
世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役后征服了英格兰。
◆要点必记
a long/lengthy battle
旷日持久的斗争
a tough/hard battle
艰难的斗争
fight a... battle
打
……
的仗
win/lose a battle
打赢
/
输掉一场仗
accept the battle
应战
battle against/with
与
……
战斗
battle for
为
……
而战,为
……
而奋斗
◆汉译英
(
1
) 和困难作斗争
________________________________
(
2
) 争夺时间之战
________________________________
(
3
) 为争取同等权利而战
________________________________
(
4
) 为正义而斗争
________________________________
(
5
) 为生存而战
________________________________
◆单句写作
(
6
)
She has
(与
……
抗争)
cancer for two years.
(
7
)
The police are
(与
……
进行艰苦的斗争)
crime.
battle against difficulties
battle against time
battle for equal rights
battle for justice
battle for life
battled against
fighting a tough battle against
词汇十六
date back
(
to
)追溯到
◆教材原句
...as it is an ancient port city that has a history
dating
all the way
back to
Roman times.
……
因为它是一个古老的港口城市,它的历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
◆要点必记
(
1
)
date back to“
追溯到”,相当于
date from
,后接时间点。
(
2
)两者都不能用于被动语态和进行时 态,而通常用于一般现在时。
(
3
)常用现在分词形式作定语。
◆归纳拓展
out of date
过时
up to date
最新的,新式的
to date
迄今,到目前为止
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
The art of paper-cutting in China may date back
the second century.
(
2
)
On the top of the mountain stands an ancient temple
(
date
)
from the Tang Dynasty.
◆单句写作
(
3
)
My family has a vase
,
which is said to
(追溯到)
the Ming Dynasty.
(
4
)
The building
(追溯到)
Roman times has been rebuilt recently.
(
5
)
The dictionary is
(过时):
many new words have been added to the language since it was published.
to
dating
date back to
dating from
out of date
词汇十七
keep your eyes open
(
for
)留心;留意
◆教材原句
If you
keep your eyes open
,
you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
如果你留心,你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。
◆要点必记
(
1
)
keep at it
坚持干,继续苦干
keep up
保持;继续
keep up with
跟上;保持同步;和
……
保持联系
keep back
阻止;隐瞒
keep away
(
from
)避免接近(
……
)
keep sb. from doing...
阻止某人做
……
keep off
使
……
不接近
keep on
继续
(
2
)
keep fit
保持健康
keep one’s promise
履行诺言
keep in touch with
与
……
保持联系
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)[词汇复现]
You must keep your
(
eye
)
open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and
worthwhile
.
(
2
)
Keep your eyes open
a boy in a red sweater.
(
3
)
You’re walking so fast that I can’t keep up
you.
(
4
)
Put the pizza in the bottom of the oven to keep the cheese
burning.
eyes
for
with
from
◆单句写作
(
5
)
If you
(留心),
you can learn a great deal.
(
6
)
I know it’s hard
,
but
(坚持下去)
! Don’t give up!
(
7
)
I got the feeling he was
(隐瞒了一些事情)
.
(
8
)
Many people cannot
(跟上)
the develop-ment of technology.
keep your eyes open
keep at it
keeping something back
keep up with
重点句式
句式一
if any
如果有的话
◆教材原句
So what is the difference between them
,
if any
?
如果有区别的话,那么它们之间的区别是什么?
◆要点必记
if so
如果是这样的话
if not
如果不是这样;不然,否则
if necessary
如果有必要
if possible
如果可能的话
if ever
如果曾经有的话
◆单句写作
(
1
)
Take the doctor’s advice.
(如果是这样的话),
you will overcome distractions in class.
(
2
)
I want to avoid the rush hour traffic
(如果可能的话)
.
(
3
)
Problems
,
(如果有的话),
should be solved without delay.
(
4
)
Take more exercise.
(不然的话),
you will be overweight.
(
5
)
The island is seldom
,
(如果曾经有的话),
visited by ships.
(
6
)
I’ll stay up all night
,
(如果有必要的话),
to get it finished.
If so
if possible
if any
If not
if ever
if necessary
句式二
There be+
主语
+
非谓语动词
.
◆教材原句
There is so much more to learn
about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.
关于英国有趣的历史和文化, 还有很多要学习的。
◆要点必记
There be+
主语
+ to do
(表示动作尚未发生)
There be+
主语
+doing
(表示主动和进行)
There be+
主语
+ done
(表示被动或完成)
◆误区警示
当主语与其后的不定式是被动关系时, 不定式用主动形式和被动形式均可,有些没有意义上的区别,有些则有区别。
There is no time to lose/to be lost.
时间不容耽搁。
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