2020-2021年高三英语一轮复习易错题《形容词和副词》 16页

2020-2021 年高三英语一轮复习易错题《形容词和副词》 易错题：混淆去掉最后一个字母 e 的场合 （2020 年全国Ⅰ，语法填空，1.5 分）Landing on the moon’s far side is ___________ (extreme) challenging. 【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是混淆去掉最后一个字母 e 的场合。 【问诊】形容词变副词，绝大多数以 e 结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly 例如：wise - wisely; polite -politely; absolute - absolutely; complete -completely; entire - entirely 【答案】extremely 【叮嘱】形容词变副词的规则： 1. 在形容词词尾直接加-ly。 如:real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully; hopeful-hopefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly polite-politely, wide-widely 2. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词要变 y 为 i,然后再加-ly。 如:busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily; happy-happily; heavy-heavily; noisy----noisily; healthy----healthily; 3 以-ue 结尾的形容词要先去掉 e,然后再加-y。如: true-truly； 4.以 le 结尾的形容词，去 e 加 y 变成副词。 如:terrible-terribly;gentle-gently;possible-possibly;probable—probably; responsible—responsibly ; comfortable-comfortably; gentle----gently; simple----simply 5.另外,副词还可以由形容词加前缀 a-得来。 如:loud (adj.)-aloud (adv.) 变式练习 1.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷) As the small boat moved ________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. 【答案】gently 【解析】句意：当小船在河上轻轻移动的时候，他被在水中静静地倒映着的山峦惊得说不出 话来。此处修饰动词 move，用副词形式。 2.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷) Her years of hard work have ______ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year. 【答案】finally 【解析】句意：她多年的努力工作最终被认可，之后一名顾客提名她为柴郡的年度女性。have been acknowledged 是谓语，用副词作状语修饰。故填 finally。 易错题：形容词和副词的比较级的常用句型 （2020 年新课标全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空，1.5 分）The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters, more so _____ the familiar near side. 【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是固定搭配记忆不牢。 【问诊】句意：科学家们对月球的远侧特别感兴趣，因为它有很多深的陨石坑，更常见的是 近处。 【答案】than 【叮嘱】常用句型 1 比较级+and+比较级 “越来越…” My hometown is becoming more and more beautiful. 2 the+比较级, the+比较级 “越…, 越…” The older I get, the happier I feel. 3“比较级+than + any other+ 单数名词 ” 可替换最高级 Tom runs faster than any other student in his class. = Tom runs fastest in his class. 4“比较级+than + all the other+ 复数名词 ” 可替换最高级 She is more beautiful than all the other girls in our school. = She is the most beautiful girl in our school. 5 “否定词+比较级+than +其他” 替换最高级 Nothing is more valuable than health for us. = Health is the most valuable for us. 6 “否定词+as/so +原级+as ” 替换最高级 No student is as / so diligent as Jim in our class. = Jim is the most diligent student in our class. 7 “the +形容词比较级+ of…” 两者中较….的一个 He is the taller of the two brothers. 8.More than He is more than a friend to me. 9.Less than The lightest weighs less than 50 kilograms. 10.no more than His entire school education added up to no more than one year. 11.Not more than He has not more than twenty yuan in his pocket. 12.Be senior to /be junior to / be superior to / be inferior to I am five years senior/junior to Jane. This computer is superior to the one you bought. This photo is inferior to that one. 13 one of 形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的状语 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country. 14 序数词+形容词最高级+名词 Africa is the second largest continent in the world. 15 倍数+as +形容词/副词+as 倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than 倍数+the+名词（height/length/depth/size）of 倍数+what 从句 The +名词+be+倍数+that/those of Asia is four times as large as Europe. The production now is three times what it was ten years ago. 变式练习 1. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. 【答案】worse 【解析】考查比较级。短语 Even worse 意为"更糟糕的是"，表示意义的递进。故用 worse。 2.It was (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried. 【答案】considerate 【解析】 句意：Michael 通知我们他要迟一会儿以防我们担心，想得真周到。本句使用了 It is/was + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 这一结构。故此处要用形容词，应填 considerate "考虑周到 的"。 易错题通关 1. (2018 江苏,34)Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is (reluctance) to invest 2. in sufficient training for his staff. 3. (2019 江苏,28)Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people (flexibility) options to exercise. 4. (2017 全国 I)However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. 5. (2017 全国 II)The Central London Railway was one of the most 70 (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. 6. (2017 江苏)Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death, smart|phones defeated （convention） PCs in sales. 7. (2017 江苏)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But （alternate） 8. (2017 浙江)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57 (shine) object. 9. (2017（全国 I）) It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road. 10. (2017（全国 II）)In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their house. 11. (2017（全国 III）) I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. 12. (2017（全国 III）)I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums. 13. (2017（全国 III）)It is 50 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more." 14. (2017（全国 II）) ...it must have been 66 (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 15. (2017（全国 I）)A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. 16. (2017（全国 II）)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. 17. (2017（全国 II)）Beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet. 18. (2017（全国 I）)Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. 19. (2017 浙江)Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 to cook a meal. 20. （2016·浙江）I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend_________(many)more in the coming years. 21. （2015·福建）It was (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried. 22. （2015·安徽）I’m so (gratitude) to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily. 23. （2015·湖北）Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be (punctuality). 24. （2015·浙江）Listening is thus an active, not a (passivity), behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering. 25. （2014·新课标全国Ⅱ）There were many people waiting at the bus stop, (and) some of them looked very anxious and (disappoint). 26. （2014·辽宁）I cannot control my body well. My legs become (pain). 27. （2014·湖北）What was so (impress) about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed. 28. （2014·湖北）Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a________________(tolerance) smile and let him go. 29. （2014·安徽）My good performance in the job interview left me (optimism) about my future and about what I can do here. 30. （ 2013·湖北） People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often____________(arbitrarily) rather than based on fixed criteria. 31. （2013·湖北）He didn’t selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a (generously) contribution to help the community. 32. （2013·福建）The Forbidden City attracts a (constantly) stream of visitors every day, especially during national holidays. 33. （2013·安徽）David is (allergy) to animal fur, so he won’t visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house. 34. （2012·山东）Be (reason) — you can’t expect me to finish all this work in so little time. 35. （2012·天津）The secretary arranged a(n) (convenience) time and place for the applicants to have an interview. 36. （2016·全国Ⅲ)改错）At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. 37. （2015·新课标全国Ⅰ改错）Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. 38. （2015·新课标全国Ⅰ改错）Much rare animals are dying out. 39. （2014·新课标全国Ⅰ改错）The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. 40. （2014·新课标全国Ⅰ改错）There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. 41. （2014·新课标全国Ⅱ改错）We didn’t need to do so many homework. 42. （2014·新课标全国Ⅱ改错）The teachers here are kind and helpfully. 43. （2016·（全国Ⅰ））From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be ________________(official)given to me at a ceremony in London. 44. （2016·（全国Ⅱ））Recent studies(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks (regular). 45. （ 2016·( 全国Ⅲ) ） Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which______________(gradual) turned into chopsticks. 46. （2016·浙江）A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, （especial）if you are travelling at high speed. 47. （2016·四川）Chinese scientists (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. 48. （2015·新课标全国Ⅰ）A few hours , I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with(its)(it) choking smog. 49. （2015·新课标全国Ⅱ）Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. 50. （2015·安徽）They gave money to the old people’s home either (personal) or through their companies. 51. （2014·新课标全国Ⅰ）The river was so polluted that it (actual) caught fire and burned. 52. （2014·浙江）The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others (blind). 53. （2014·湖北）Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said (sharp), "Don’t be so mean," pointing a finger of warning at her. 54. （2014·江西）Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn’t have found it . 55. （2013·湖北）Don’t defend him any more. It’s obvious that he (deliberate) destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology. 56. （2013·福建）Those poor and needy teenagers were excited to find a shop at the corner where they could buy (afford) priced bikes. 57. （2013·浙江）If we leave right away, (hopeful) we’ll arrive on time. 58. （2012·湖北）"Perhaps we need to send for Dr. Smith to see what we can do about it," Father suggested (tentative) to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem. 59. （2012·辽宁）We used to see each other (regular), but I haven’t heard from him since last year. 60. （2012·福建）Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be (equal) respected. 61. （2016·（全国Ⅰ）改错）Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady. 62. （2016·(全国Ⅲ)改错）However, my parents didn’t seem to think such. 63. （2015·新课标全国Ⅱ改错）Dad and I were terrible worried. 64. （2014·新课标全国Ⅰ改错）Nearly five years before, and with the help of our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果) in our back garden. 65. （2014·新课标全国Ⅰ改错）As a result, the plants are growing somewhere. 66. （2016·（全国Ⅱ））If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of (great) and less importance. 67. （2015·四川）Andy is content with the toy. It is (good) he has ever got. 68. （2014·新课标全国Ⅰ）Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ___________________(clean) than ever. 69. Raymond’s parents wanted him to have (good) possible education. 70. （2013·新课标全国Ⅱ）It may not be a great suggestion. But before a (good) one is put forward, we’ll make do with it. 71. （2013·天津）I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time — there are _____________(meaningful) things to do. 72. （2013·辽宁）This is by far (inspiring) movie that I have ever seen. 73. （2012·新课标全国）The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much the________________(good). 74. （2012·上海春）After the accident, we are (concerned) with the safety of school buses than we used to be. 75. （2012·北京）Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _______________(much). 76. （2016·(全国Ⅲ)改错）They were also the best and worse years in my life. 77. （2016·四川改错）The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritiest. 78. （2013·浙江改错） To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie. 79. （2013·安徽）It’s said that the power plant is now twice large as what it was. 80. （2013·江西改错）There are a small number of people involved, possibly as little as twenty. 答案： 1. reluctant 句意:尽管这家宾馆的服务质量很糟糕,但是宾馆经理还是不愿意在给员工足 够的培训方面投资。考查形容词。设空处作表语,根据提示词可知本空填 reluctant。 2. 答案 flexible 句意:不同于传统健身房,应用程序支持的健身房给人们提供了灵活的 健身选择。设空处在句中作定语,修饰名词 options,故填形容词。flexible 灵活的;易弯曲 的;有弹性的。 3. careful 考查形容词。此处为形容词作表语，故填 careful"当心的"构成系表结构。 4. successful 考查词性转换。根据语境并结合空前的 the most 可知，空处表达最高级意义。 故填 successful。 5. 句意：仅仅在史蒂夫·乔布斯去世五年后，智能手机在销量方面击败了传统的个人电脑。 conventional"传统的"，符合句意。 6. 句意：恐龙的消失未必就是由天文事件引起的，但是很难找到其他的解释。alternative" 可替代的，另外的"符合句意。5.shiny/shining 考查形容词。根据上文的"a"及下文的名 词"object"可知，此处需要用形容词作定语修饰名词，故填 shiny 或 shining。 7. suddenly 改为 sudden。考查形容词。该句中的名词 stop 应用形容词修饰，所以把 suddenly 改为 sudden。 8. interesting 改为 interested。考查形容词。因为是描述主语 they 的心理状态，所以使用 interested"对……感兴趣的"。 9. late 改为 latest。考查形近词辨析。结合句意，这里表示收集最新的音乐专辑，故将 late 改为 latest。 10. difference 改为 different。考查形容词。名词 kinds 前需要形容词来修饰，因此把名词 difference 改为形容词 different。 11. certainly 考查副词。此处 fun 是名词，但空处修饰整个句子，作状语，故填 certainly。 12. 【知识拓展】考查形容词与副词时，除了要考虑词性相互转换，还要考虑形容词与副词 的反义词。比如括号里给出 fortunate 一词，需要改为副词形式 fortunately，同时还要结 合句意来判断，是否要改为 unfortunately。 13. fairly 考查副词。副词修饰形容词 unpleasant，故在其前填 fairly。 14. late 改为 later。考查副词。late 意为"迟，晚" 。"一段时间+later"表示 一 段时间之 后"，故把 late 改为 later。 15. earlier 改为 early。考查副词。此处没有比较的含义，所以用 early 的原级。 16. Beside 改为 Besides。考查副词。beside 意为"在……旁"，而 besides 意为"此外"。 17. worse 考查比较级。短语 Even worse 意为"更糟糕的是"，表示意义的递进。故用 worse。 18. earlier 考查副词的比较级。此处表示"16 年前"，故填 earlier"……之前，先前"。 19. many 句意：我一直都很喜欢你组织的所有活动，我也希望能在未来的几年参加更多 这样的活动。根据句意可知，此处表示"更多的活动"，故填 many,此处 many more 相当 于 many more events。 20. considerate 句意：Michael 通知我们他要迟一会儿以防我们担心，想得真周到。本句 使用了 It is/was + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 这一结构。故此处要用形容词，应填 considerate "考虑周到的"。 21. grateful 句意：我非常感激所有的那些志愿者，因为他们的帮助让我糟糕的一天有了 个快乐的结局。此处要用形容词，故填 grateful"感激的"。 22. punctual 句意：虽然会议大厅在他的公寓附近，但是如果他想准时（赶到），他必须 得赶紧点。根据句意可知，这里应用 punctual 表示"准时的"。 23. passive 句意：因此，听力是一种积极主动的，而非消极被动的行为，它包含听到、 领会和记住。passive 意为"被动的，消极的"。由 "Listening is... not..."可知前后是相对 的。 24. .disappointed look disappointed 是系表结构，表示"看起来失望"。 25. painful 考查形容词。句中动词 become 是系动词，其后接形容词作表语。 26. impressive 句意：Jasmine Westland 的胜利给人印象如此深刻的一点就是，她光着脚 跑马拉松赛并且夺得了第一名。impressive"给人深刻印象的"，符合句意。 27. tolerant 句意：她没有责怪那个打碎了花瓶的孩子，而是冲着他宽容地一笑，让他走 了。tolerant"宽容的，容忍的"，符合句意。 28. optimistic 根据 performance 前的 good 可知应用 optimistic，求职面试中表现好，自 然就会对未来持"乐观的"态度。句意：我在求职面试中的良好表现让我对我的未来以及 我可以在这里做什么持乐观的态度。 29. arbitrary 句意：人们抱怨说，同意颁发许可证或拒绝授予许可证的决定通常是任意的 （行为），而不是基于固定的标准。空处与后面的 fixed criteria 呼应，故用 arbitrary， 表示"随心所欲的，任意的"。 30. generous 句意：他没有自私地把从他叔叔那里继承的钱自己留着，而是慷慨地捐赠 了出去，帮助社区。根据句意可知应用 generous，表示"慷慨的，大方的"。 31. constant 句意：故宫每天都吸引着络绎不绝的游客，特别是在全国性的假日期间。a constant stream of visitors 表示"络绎不绝的游客"。 32. allergic be allergic to "对……过敏"；根据空格后面的"so he won't visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house"可知，David 对动物皮毛"过敏"。 33. reasonable 句意：要讲道理呀，你不能指望我在这么短的时间内完成所有这些工作。 reasonable"公平的，合理的，明智的"，符合语境。 34. convenient 句意：秘书为申请者安排了方便的时间和地点面试。convenient"便利的， 方便的"，符合句意。 35. freely→free 考查形容词的句法功能。系动词 be 后应为形容词作表语。 36. seriously→serious 应用形容词 serious 修饰名词，因此把 seriously 改为 serious。 37. Much→Many Much 修饰不可数名词，rare animals 为复数形式，因此把 Much 改为 Many。 38. taste→tasty 考查形容词。句中的 juicy 为形容词，因此把 taste 改为 tasty"好吃的"，用 形容词作表语。 39. much→many 此处表示"圣女果太多了，因此我们常与邻居分享"。many 修饰可数名 词，much 修饰不可数名词。因此把 much 改为 many。 40. many→much 考查不可数名词的修饰词。由于 homework 是不可数名词，故修饰该词 应用 much，而 many 修饰可数名词。故把 many 改为 much。 41. helpfully→helpful 考查形容词。根据句子结构可知，此处要用形容词作表语。故把 helpfully 改为 helpful。 42. officially 考查词性转换。修饰动词应该用副词，所以填 officially。 43. regularly 考查词性转换。副词修饰谓语动词 take，故填 regularly"有规律地"。 44. gradually 考查副词。应用副词修饰动词。 45. especially 句意：急刹车会是非常吓人的经历，特别是如果你正在高速前行。especially" 特别，尤其"符合语境。 46. recently 考查副词。根据句子结构可知，此处用副词作状语。 47. before/earlier 考查副词。本句为过去完成时，描述的是作者来阳朔之前的情况，因此 填副词 before/earlier。 48. slowly 考查形容词转化为副词。修饰动词应用副词。 49. personally 由句中的"or through their companies"可知此处应填所给词的副词形式 personally"亲自"。句意：他们或者亲自或者通过公司把钱捐给了敬老院。 50. actually 考查词形转换。空格在动词前，故应用副词，本空填 actually。 51. blindly 句意：教育的目的是教育年轻人自行思考而不是盲从别人。blindly"盲目地， 不加思考地"。 52. sharply 句意：Sabrina 的话音刚落，Albert 就冲她伸出一根手指表示警告，并且厉声 说，"别那么小气。"sharply"严厉地"符合句意。 53. otherwise 句意：谢谢你给我们指明方向，否则我们不可能找到这栋房子。otherwise 表示"否则"，符合语境。 54. deliberately 句意：别再为他辩护了。显然他是故意把花园的栅栏弄坏的，甚至都不 道歉。deliberately 表示"蓄意，故意"。 55. affordably 此处表示那些贫困的青少年兴奋地发现在拐角处有一家商店，在那里他们 可以买到付得起价格的自行车。 56. hopefully 句意：如果我们马上走的话，我们很有希望能准时到达。hopefully"有希 望地"。 57. tentatively 此处表示爸爸试探性地对前来和他讨论这个问题的邻居说："或许我们需 要派人去请史密斯大夫来看看我们能做些什么。"tentatively"踌躇地，犹豫不定地"。 58. regularly 句意：我们过去经常见面，但是从去年开始我就没有他的消息了。 59. equally 句意：任何人，无论他是官员还是公交车司机，都应受到同样的尊重。equally 60. "平等地，同样地"，符合句意。 61. steady→steadily 考查副词。修饰动词 grow 该用副词，所以应用 steady 的副词形式 steadily。 62. such→so 考查固定搭配。由"I don't think so."的固定表达可知，应将 such 改为 so。 63. terrible→terribly 修饰形容词应用副词，故用 terribly。 64. before→ago 考查副词。ago 是个后置副词，放在表示时间的词语之后，因此把 before 改为 ago。 65. somewhere→everywhere 考查副词。根据语境可知，此处表示"到处都是这种植物"， 因此把 somewhere 改为 everywhere。 66. greater 考查形容词的比较级。根据语境及下文的"and less importance"可知，此处应用 形容词的比较级来修饰 importance，故填 greater。 67. the best 句意：安迪很满意这个玩具。这是他至今得到的最好的玩具。根据句意可知， 空格处用形容词的最高级，形容词的最高级前须加定冠词 the。 68. cleaner 考查形容词的比较级。空后的 than ever 暗示空处应填形容词的比较级 cleaner。 69. the best 考查形容词最高级。句意：Raymond 的父母想让他拥有可能的最好的教育。 根据句意可知，此处应用"the+形容词最高级"来表示三者或三者以上程度最高。 70. better 句意：它或许不是一个好建议，但在有更好的建议之前，我们先凑合一下。此 处暗含比较，表示"一条更好的建议"，是泛指。 71. more meaningful 句意：我认为每天晚上看电视是浪费时间——有更有意义的事可以 去做。根据句意可知，此处应用 meaningful 的比较级形式。 72. the most inspiring 句意：这是我看过的最鼓舞人心的电影了。by far 可用于修饰形容 词或副词的比较级或最高级。根据 that 引导的定语从句的描述可知，应用最高级形式。 73. better 句意：结果对我们来说不太重要，但是如果我们确实赢了，那就更好了。so much the better 表示"那就更好了"，为固定搭配。 74. more concerned 句意：事故发生后，我们比以往更关注校车安全了。由 than 可知此 处要用比较级，且这里指"更关注"，故用 more concerned。 75. more 句意：很多人都捐献了那种血型的血，然而，血库需要更多。由 Many people 和 however 可知应用 more 表示"更多"。 76. worse→worst 考查形容词最高级。句中有表示范围的 in my life，同时应与前面的 best 保持一致。 77. favoritest→favorite 句意：我做的饭菜妈妈最喜欢吃。favorite 可用作形容词和名词， 表示"特别喜爱的"，没有比较级和最高级的变化。 78. bad→worse 这里用短语 to make things/matters worse 表示"更糟糕的是"，因此这里用 形容词的比较级 worse。 79. as 句意：据说这个发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。倍数的表示法有多种，此处为"倍数 +as...as"结构，因此本空填 as. 80. little→few 句意：只有少数人被牵涉其中，可能少到只有 20 人。本句 twenty 后省略 了 people，故用 few 而不是 little 修饰复数名词。