2021届高考英语人教版一轮总复习练习：写作突破 第一讲　各司其职的8大句子成分 Word版含解析 11页

www.ks5u.com 第一讲　各司其职的8大句子成分 句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语等。‎ 主语是句子的主体，用于说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者，除倒装句外，一般位于句子的开头。主语通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当，一般用“　　”标出。‎ ‎①I'm pleased to know your Chinese friend has invited you to dinner.(代词作主语)‎ 得知朋友邀请你参加晚宴我很高兴。‎ ‎②To bring a small gift is a good idea.＝It is a good idea to bring a small gift．(动词不定式作主语)‎ 带点小礼物是个好主意。‎ ‎③The Student Table Tennis Team of our school is looking for new members right now.(名词短语作主语)‎ 我校乒乓球队正在招收新队员。‎ ‎④To start with，what I intend to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 am next Friday.(从句作主语)‎ 首先，我想强调的是下星期五上午10点在教学楼8班我们将开始下一堂课。‎ ‎⑤Forming a good habit in our daily life is of great benefit to us.(动名词短语作主语)‎ 日常生活中养成好习惯对我们非常有益。‎ 　用“　　”标出下列句子的主语。‎ ‎1．Different people like different seasons; my favourite season is spring.‎ 不同的人喜欢不同的季节；我最喜欢的季节是春季。‎ ‎2．To get along well with others is the second thing you should learn.‎ 与别人友好相处是你应该学会的第二件事。‎ ‎3．What I am going to tell you is about donating books from our school to your Chinese class.‎ 我打算告诉你的是关于我们学校向你们中文班赠书的事。‎ ‎4．Our school photograph club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show.‎ 我们学校摄影俱乐部将举办国际中学生摄影展。‎ 答案：‎ ‎1．Different people like different seasons; my favourite season is spring.(名词短语作主语)‎ ‎2．To get along well with others is the second thing you should learn.(不定式短语作主语)‎ ‎3．What I am going to tell you is about donating books from our school to your Chinese class.(从句作主语)‎ ‎4．Our school photograph club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show.(名词短语作主语)‎ 谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征，一般用“____”标出。‎ ‎(1)实义动词(短语)可以单独作谓语，有时态、人称和数的变化；‎ ‎(2)系动词不能单独作谓语，系表结构才可以作谓语；‎ ‎(3)助动词和情态动词也不能单独作谓语，“助动词/‎ 情态动词＋实义动词”可以作谓语。‎ ‎①What's more，I have some experience in accompanying foreign friends.(实义动词作谓语)‎ 况且，在陪伴外国朋友方面我有一些经验。‎ ‎②To begin with，the final exam of this term is around the corner so I am busy preparing for it.(系表结构作谓语)‎ 首先，期末考试临近，因此我忙于准备考试。‎ ‎③The exhibition will start from June 16th and last for more than a week.(“助动词＋实义动词”作谓语)‎ 展览将从6月16日开始持续一个多星期。‎ 　用“____”标出下列句子的谓语。‎ ‎1．Half an hour later, I managed to find the correct answer.‎ 半小时后，我设法找到了正确答案。‎ ‎2．When he got up at 7：00 am, a big plan occurred to him.‎ 他早上七点起床时，脑海里突然有了个大计划。‎ ‎3．The watch is necessary in our daily life, but its function is too simple and dull.‎ 手表在我们日常生活中是必要的，但它的功能太简单呆板了。‎ ‎4．We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.‎ 对于组织课堂活动，我们可能有不同的观点。‎ 答案：‎ ‎1．Half an hour later, I managed to find the correct answer.(实义动词作谓语)‎ ‎2．When he got up at 7：00 am, a big plan occurred to him.(动词和动词短语作谓语)‎ ‎3．The watch is necessary in our daily life, but its function is too ‎ simple and dull．(系表结构作谓语)‎ ‎4．We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.(“情态动词＋实义动词”作谓语)‎ 宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和从句等，一般用“　　”标出。‎ ‎①Don't forget to praise your friend for the delicious foods he offers.(不定式作宾语)‎ 不要忘记表扬朋友提供的美食。‎ ‎②If you are interested in the Chinese folk art，please email me．(名词短语作宾语，代词作宾语)‎ 如果你对中国民间艺术感兴趣，请给我发邮件。‎ ‎③I plan to go for an outing，and I would like to invite you to participate.(不定式作宾语)‎ 我计划去郊游，我想邀请你参加。‎ ‎④I think all our classmates have learned a lot from our communication and the various activities．(从句作宾语)‎ 我认为我们所有的同学从交流和各种各样的活动中学到了很多东西。‎ 　用“　　”标出下列句子的宾语。‎ ‎1．I've already written the application letter and personal resumé .‎ 我已经写了申请书和个人简历。‎ ‎2．Suddenly he thought of seeing the beautiful views of the city again before setting out.‎ 他突然想在启程之前再看看这座城市的美景。‎ ‎3．Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another.‎ 我们的成功取决于我们彼此合作的良好程度。‎ 答案：‎ ‎1．I've already written the application letter and personal resumé．(名词短语作宾语)‎ ‎2．Suddenly he thought of seeing the beautiful views of the city again before setting out.(动名词短语作宾语)‎ ‎3．Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another．(从句作宾语)‎ 表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构)，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。可以用作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等，一般用“　　”标出。‎ ‎①My favourite sport is running．(v.ing 作表语)‎ 我最喜欢的体育运动是跑步。‎ ‎②That's why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice．(从句作表语)‎ 那就是我认为沿“长江之行”将是一个较好选择的原因。‎ ‎③It is a Chinese folk art with a long history.(名词作表语)‎ 这是拥有悠久历史的民间艺术。‎ ‎④At eight on the morning of October 1，we are to gather at the school gate.(不定式作表语)‎ ‎10月1日上午8点，我们将在校门口集合。‎ 　用“　　”标出下列句子的表语。‎ ‎1．The theme of the show is environmental protection.‎ 这次展览的主题是环境保护。‎ ‎2．At that moment, I became the focus of the whole class and was full of great pride and confidence.‎ 那时，我成了全班的焦点，充满了自豪和自信。‎ ‎3．Several minutes passed but the whole class was in complete silence.‎ 几分钟过去了，但是整个班级一片寂静。‎ ‎4．The most important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything you'll regret.‎ 最重要的是学会控制你的脾气，这样你可能就不会做一些使你后悔的事或说出使你后悔的话。‎ 答案：‎ ‎1．The theme of the show is environmental protection．(名词作表语)‎ ‎2．At that moment, I became the focus of the whole class and was full of great pride and confidence．(名词短语和形容词短语作表语)‎ ‎3．Several minutes passed but the whole class was in complete silence．(介词短语作表语)‎ ‎4．The most important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything you'll regret.(不定式短语作表语)‎ 定语是用来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。单个词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前，而短语和从句作定语时往往放在被修饰词之后。可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词和从句等，一般用 ‎“(　)”标出。‎ ‎①The exhibition will be held in the City Museum (located in the north of our city)．(分词短语作定语)‎ 展览将在位于我市北方的城市博物馆举办。‎ ‎②Papercutting has a history of over 1，500 years，(which belongs to traditional art in China)．(从句作定语)‎ 剪纸有1 500多年的历史，在中国它属于传统艺术。‎ ‎③Our school has built a (new) stadium recently.(形容词作定语)‎ 近来我们学校建立了一个新体育场。‎ 　用“(　)”标出下列句子的定语。‎ ‎1．We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.‎ 我们可能有各种各样解决此类情况的方式。‎ ‎2．All the books offered by the students are reported to have been sent to the children in the countryside the other day.‎ 据报道，同学们提供的所有书籍都在几天前送给了乡下的孩子们。‎ ‎3．How Li Hua regretted the valuable time he had wasted on the computer games!‎ 李华多么后悔在玩电脑游戏上浪费宝贵的时间！‎ ‎4．Any student who is interested is welcome to participate.‎ 欢迎感兴趣的所有学生参加。‎ 答案：‎ ‎1．We may have various ways (to deal with such a situation)．(不定式短语作定语)‎ ‎2．All the books (offered by the students) are reported to have been sent to the children in the countryside the other day.(过去分词短语作定语)‎ ‎3．How Li Hua regretted the valuable time (he had wasted on the computer games)！(从句作定语)‎ ‎4．Any student (who is interested) is welcome to participate.(从句作定语)‎ 状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容词、介词、短语、不定式、分词、独立主格和从句等，一般用“[　]”标出。‎ ‎① [To get a good seat for seeing a film], you'd better arrive a bit earlier.(不定式短语作状语)‎ 为了得到看电影的好位置， 你最好早点到。‎ ‎② [After every game] we will select the best players.(介词短语作状语)‎ 每次比赛之后我们将挑选最好的选手。‎ ‎③[If you will join], you may send your information to intlpssppt@gmschool.com.(从句作状语)‎ 要是你参加，请把信息发送到intlpssppt@gmschool. com邮箱。‎ ‎④ [Visiting this exhibition]，we will not only enjoy the folk art works, but also learn a lot.(分词作状语)‎ 参观展览时，我们不仅能欣赏民间艺术作品，而且能学习很多知识。‎ 　用“[　]”标出下列句子的状语。‎ ‎1．After a week's trip, he returned home，tired but very happy.‎ 旅行一周后，他回到了家，感到很累但很高兴。‎ ‎2．To solve this problem，my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion and later reported to the headmaster.‎ 为了解决这个问题，我和同学们进行了讨论，想出了一个建议并汇报给了校长。‎ 答案：‎ ‎1．[After a week's trip]，he returned home，[tired but very happy]．(介词短语作状语/形容词作状语)‎ ‎2．[To solve this problem]，my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion and later reported to the headmaster.(不定式短语作状语)‎ 补足语是用来说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的句子成分，一般用“〈　〉”标出。‎ ‎(1)补充说明主语意义的句子成分叫作主语补足语；‎ ‎(2)补充说明宾语意义的句子成分叫作宾语补足语。‎ ‎(3)可以用作补足语的有：形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等。‎ ‎①The president appointed John 〈manager of marketing〉．(名词作宾补)‎ 总裁任命约翰为营销部经理。‎ ‎②We'll try our best to make our country 〈more and more beautiful〉．(形容词作宾补)‎ 我们将尽全力使我们的国家越来越美丽。‎ 　用“〈　〉”标出下列句子的补足语。‎ ‎1．Popular science books can help us students to become more interested in science and nature.‎ 科普书能帮助我们学生对科学和自然更感兴趣。‎ ‎2．To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear ‎ English spoken as much as possible.‎ 为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。‎ ‎3．She names her pet dog Jack.‎ 她给她的宠物狗起名杰克。‎ 答案：‎ ‎1．Popular science books can help us students 〈to become more interested in science and nature〉．(不定式短语作宾补)‎ ‎2．To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English 〈spoken〉 as much as possible.(过去分词作宾补)‎ ‎3．She name her pet dog〈Jack〉．(名词短语作宾补)‎ 对句子中的名词或代词做进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等，一般用“{　}”标出。‎ ‎①There is no doubt {that I will improve its reputation through my efforts}．(从句作同位语)‎ 毫无疑问，通过我的努力我会提高它的声誉。‎ ‎②Personally，I prefer the tour along the Yangtze, {the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization}．(名词短语作同位语)‎ 就我个人而言，我更喜欢“长江之行”，长江是中国最长的河流、中国文明的母亲河之一。‎ 　用“{　}”标出下列句子的同位语。‎ ‎1．They three want to travel around the world together on foot.‎ 他们三个想一起步行周游世界。‎ ‎2．We are going to the local nursing home for the coming Double Ninth Festival，a holiday for us to show our respect for the elderly.‎ 我们打算去当地一家敬老院过即将到来的重阳节，该节日显示了我们对老年人的尊重。‎ ‎3．I hold the opinion that we should go to help them (to) overcome the present difficulty.‎ 我认为，我们应该去帮助他们克服目前的困难。‎ 答案：‎ ‎1．They {three} want to travel around the world together on foot.(数词作同位语)‎ ‎2．We are going to the local nursing home for the coming Double Ninth Festival，{a holiday} for us to show our respect for the elderly.(名词作同位语)‎ ‎3．I hold the opinion {that we should go to help them (to) overcome the present difficulty}．(从句作同位语)‎