2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit5Canada-“课后达标检测 人教版必修3 8页

Unit 5 Canada—“The True North”‎ ‎ (建议用时：35分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·重庆调研)Ask 9－year－old Annie what the worst thing was that ever happened in her house last year, and she won’t tell you that it was her parents’ divorcing, although they did. No, what Annie remembers most are the horrible fights leading up to the announcement about the divorce which was, as it turned out, despite her parents’ anxiety about telling her, “not that big of a deal”. “I already knew they were not getting along well，” Annie says. “Every night after I went to bed, I would hear my parents fighting. It made me really unhappy. When they finally decided to get a divorce, all that stopped.”‎ Annie’s experience is more common than you might think, and there is a great deal of evidence to suggest that “staying together for the sake of the children” is not what should be encouraged, and may do more harm than good. According to psychologist Lynn Martingdale, hearing their parents arguing is often more stressful for children than separation and divorce, and if you think that your children don’t know that there’s trouble in family, then you’re kidding yourself. The home life of children whose parents have an unhappy marriage is often far from ideal, and what’s worse, parents will compound the problem by taking their unhappiness out on the children.‎ The Center for Moving Forward conducted a study in 2014 in which they followed 25 families whose parents had been in marriage counseling. After tracking these families for 5 years, they found that the children of the parents who eventually got divorced were not worse off than the children of those who remained together, and in some cases fared better. The study took the social and the children’s general sense of well－being into consideration.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。文章以9岁的孩子Annie的父母由于争吵导致最终离婚的叙述引入主题，接着通过论据论证了“在不幸的婚姻中，离婚并不是最糟糕的事”这一主题。‎ ‎1．Why was Annie really unhappy according to paragraph 1?‎ 8‎ A．Because her parents fought every night.‎ B．Because her parents finally got divorced.‎ C．Because her parents decided to abandon her.‎ D．Because her parents got along badly with her.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Every night after I went to bed, I would hear my parents fighting. It made me really unhappy.”可知，Annie的父母每天晚上都吵架，这让她感到很不幸福，故A项正确。‎ ‎2．Which statement may psychologist Lynn Martingdale agree with？　‎ A．Separation and divorce will hurt the children most.‎ B．Keeping an unhappy marriage hurts children more.‎ C．Children can’t understand their parents’ marriage well.‎ D．Children can’t feel the unhappiness from their parents.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“According to psychologist Lynn Martingdale, hearing their parents arguing is often more stressful for children than separation and divorce”可知，心理学家Lynn Martingdale认为，听父母吵架对孩子来说往往比分居和离婚更有压力，据此可以判断，Lynn Martingdale认为维持不幸福的婚姻会更加伤害孩子，故B项正确。‎ ‎3．What’s the function of the last paragraph in the passage?‎ A．To give an example of divorce.‎ B．To support Annie’s correct answer.‎ C．To further clear the author’s viewpoint.‎ D．To highlight the importance of the study.‎ C　解析：写作目的题。根据最后一段中的“After tracking these families for 5 years, they found that the children of the parents who eventually got divorced were not worse off than the children of those who remained together, and in some cases fared better.”可知，在对这些家庭进行了5年的跟踪调查后，他们发现，最终父母离婚的孩子并不比那些父母仍在一起的孩子生活得更差，在某些情况下，他们生活得更好。据此可知，最后一段旨在通过研究进一步说明本文的论点：在不幸的婚姻中，离婚不是最糟糕的选择。故C项正确。‎ ‎4．What is the best title for the passage?‎ A．Divorce Is Good for Children B．Divorce Is Not the Worst Thing C．Fighting Is Often Stressful D．Staying Together Is for Children Only 8‎ B　解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段第二句和Annie所说的话可知，对孩子们来说，父母的争吵比离婚更糟糕；结合第二段中的“there is a great deal of evidence to suggest that ‘staying together for the sake of the children’ is not what should be encouraged, and may do more harm than good”可以判断，本文的主旨是：在不幸的婚姻中，和离婚相比，父母为孩子而在一起给孩子的伤害更大。最后一段的研究也论证了这一点。故B项最适合作为本文标题。‎ ‎【难句分析1】　No, what Annie remembers most are the horrible fights leading up to the announcement about the divorce which was, as it turned out, despite her parents’ anxiety about telling her, “not that big of a deal”．‎ 分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“what Annie remembers most”为what引导的主语从句；“which was...”为which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the divorce。‎ 译文：不，Annie记得最清楚的是导致(她的父母)宣告离婚的可怕的争吵，尽管她的父母害怕告诉她，但是正如事实证明的那样，离婚“没什么大不了的”。‎ ‎【难句分析2】　The home life of children whose parents have an unhappy marriage is often far from ideal, and what’s worse, parents will compound the problem by taking their unhappiness out on the children.‎ 分析：该句为并列句。前一分句中“whose parents have an unhappy marriage”为whose引导的定语从句，修饰先行词children, whose在从句中作定语。‎ 译文：父母婚姻不幸福的孩子的家庭生活往往很不理想，更糟的是，父母把他们的不幸福发泄在孩子身上，会使问题更加严重。‎ B ‎(2020·桂林、崇左联合模拟)The world is a greener place than it was 20 years ago. A study published in the journal Nature Sustainability said that recent satellite data reveals a greening pattern that is prominent(显著的) in China and India. The study shows that human activity in China and India dominates this greening of the planet, thanks to tree planting and agriculture. The effect comes mostly from ambitious tree－planting programs in China and intensive agriculture in both countries.‎ ‎“China and India account for one－third of the greening，” said lead author Chi Chen of Boston University. “That is a surprising finding, considering the vague idea of land degradation(毁坏) in populous countries from overexploitation，” added Chen.‎ China alone accounts for 25 percent of the global net increase in leaf area with 8‎ ‎ only 6.6 percent of global vegetated area. The greening in China is from forests(42 percent) and croplands(32 percent), but in India, it is mostly from croplands(82 percent) with the minor contribution from forests(4.4 percent)．‎ China’s outsized contribution to the global greening trend comes in large part from its programs to conserve and expand forests with the goal of preventing land degradation, air pollution, and climate change.‎ ‎“Once people realize there is a problem, they tend to fix it，” said Rama Nemani, research scientist and co－author of the study. “In the 1970s and 1980s in India and China, the situation around vegetation loss was not good. In the 1900s, people realized it, and today things have improved. Now we see that humans are contributing.”‎ Land area used to grow crops is comparable in China and India—more than 770，000 square miles—and has not changed much since the early 2000s. Yet these regions have greatly increased both their annual total green leaf area and their food production.‎ This was achieved through multiple cropping practices, where a field is replanted to produce another harvest several times a year. Production of grains, vegetables, fruits and more has increased by about 35%－40% since 2000 to feed their large populations.‎ ‎【解题导语】　研究发现，由于中国的植树造林计划和中印两国的集约农业，地球与二十年前相比更加翠绿了。‎ ‎5．What did the study mainly find?‎ A．India and China are leading the global greening effort.‎ B．Intensive agriculture is the cause of global land degradation.‎ C．China and India have got the largest forest coverage in the world.‎ D．Agriculture is more helpful in expanding green areas than tree－planting.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“The study shows that human activity in China and India dominates this greening of the planet, thanks to tree planting and agriculture.”可知，由于植树造林和集约农业，中国和印度正主导着地球绿化的进程，故A项正确。‎ ‎6．How is China different from India in contributing to the global greening?‎ A．India reduced croplands to prevent the overexploitation.‎ B．India increased forests by planting around croplands.‎ C．China changed more lands into forests by planting trees.‎ D．China controlled the increase of its population.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段尾句“The effect comes mostly from ambitious 8‎ ‎ tree－planting programs in China and intensive agriculture in both countries.”并结合第三段中的数据可知，地球绿化主要来自中国的植树计划和中印两国的集约农业。据此可知，中国与印度在绿化地球方面的不同之处是中国的植树造林计划，故C项正确。‎ ‎7．What does Nemani think about humans in China and India in protecting the Earth?‎ A．Ambitious.　　　　　　　　 B．Responsible.‎ C．Passionate. D．Tolerant.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中Rama Nemani说的话可知，Rama Nemani认为，二十世纪七八十年代，印度和中国的植被流失情况严重；二十世纪九十年代，人们意识到了这一点并努力改善；现在他们正在做贡献。据此可推知，Rama Nemani认为在保护地球方面，中国和印度的人们是负责任的，故B项正确。该题容易错选A项，错选的原因是第一段尾句“The effect comes mostly from ambitious tree－planting programs in China and intensive agriculture in both countries.”的影响，忽略了题干关键词“Nemani think about”。A项意为“有雄心的”，C项意为“热爱的”，D项意为“宽容的”，都与文意不符。‎ ‎8．What does the passage finally suggest humans should make good use of?‎ A．Forest. B．Trees.‎ C．Croplands. D．Food.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“This was achieved through multiple cropping practices, where a field is replanted to produce another harvest several times a year.”可知，产量提高是通过复种来实现的，在复种过程中，一块土地每年会被重新种植几次，这样在增加绿化面积的情况下也提高了产量。据此可推知，文章建议充分利用农田，故C项正确。‎ ‎【难句分析】　A study published in the journal Nature Sustainability said that recent satellite data reveals a greening pattern that is prominent(显著的) in China and India.‎ 分析：该句为主从复合句。句中published in the journal Nature Sustainability为过去分词短语作名词A study的后置定语；that recent satellite data reveals a greening pattern that is prominent(显著的) in China and India为that引导的宾语从句，作及物动词said的宾语，其中“that is prominent in China and India”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a greening pattern，关系词在从句中作主语。‎ 译文：发表在《自然——可持续发展》杂志上的一项研究称，最近的卫星数据显示，中国和印度的绿化模式非常显著。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2020·辽宁五校联考)‎ How to Become an Activist 8‎ Activists are people who see the need of change and devote their time to doing something about it. 1.________ If you are interested in it, you can do so.‎ ‎2．________ This could be anything from a student club to a national organization. Most activist organizations offer different levels of involvement, so you can do whatever you feel most comfortable with, whether that means attending meetings and demonstrations or just donating a little money when you can.‎ Volunteer your time. One of the best ways to make a difference is to volunteer your time. Reach out to organizations in your community that do work for your cause, and ask how you can help.‎ Donate money or supplies. 3.________ If you can’t afford to donate money to an organization that supports your cause, you may be able to donate other things they need, like clothing or canned food.‎ Draw the family and friends in. Tell your family and friends about your cause, and invite them to get involved. If they are interested, share literature about your cause or just talk to them about what you have learned. 4.________‎ Promote your cause on social media. You can use social media to help keep your friends and followers informed about the cause you support. 5.________ Also, you can invite your friends to attend events or donate money to fundraisers(募集资金者) for your cause.‎ A．Take classes on issues related to your cause.‎ B．Join an organization that supports your cause.‎ C．They are driven by passion and a vision for a better future.‎ D．If you do volunteer work, invite them to volunteer with you.‎ E．Most activists or charitable organizations need resources to do their work.‎ F．Post useful articles and write about what you are doing to stay involved.‎ G．If you can’t get in touch with them in person, then try connecting people online.‎ ‎【解题导语】　积极分子是指那些看到变革的需要并投入时间去做些什么的人。本篇文章就如何成为积极分子而去从事公益事业提供了一些建议。‎ ‎1．C　解析：前一句提到“see the need of change and devote their time to doing something about it”(看到变革的需要并投入时间去做些什么)，由此可推知，空处应是进一步阐述积极分子这样做的原因，故C项“他们被激情和对更美好的未来的憧憬所驱使”与此处匹配。‎ ‎2．B　解析：根据文章结构和空处所处位置可知，‎ 8‎ 该空为本段的主题句。根据本段中的“from a student club to a national organization”和“Most activist organizations”可知，本段的主题是关于加入某个组织的。故选B。‎ ‎3．E　解析：前句提到“Donate money or supplies.”(捐赠金钱或物资)，由此可推知，空处应是说明这样做的原因，故E项“大多数积极分子或慈善组织需要资源来开展工作”符合语境。‎ ‎4．D　解析：本段的主题句为“Draw the family and friends in.”(让家人和朋友参与进来)，空前一句是说如果他们感兴趣，向他们分享有关你的事业的宣传资料或仅仅告诉他们你学到的东西，空处应是进一步说明你让朋友和家人参与的具体做法，故D项符合语境，且句式结构与前一句相同。‎ ‎5．F　解析：本段的主题句为“Promote your cause on social media.”，该段也提到了利用“social media”，这与F项“发布有用的文章，写下你正在做什么来保持参与”密切联系，故选F。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2020·潍坊统一考试)There is a saying that goes, “All roads lead to Rome.”Roads were essential for the 1.____________(grow) of the Roman Empire. These roads enabled the Romans to move armies 2.____________ (efficient). At its peak, the Roman road system 3.____________(cover) 53，000 miles and contained about 372 links. The Romans were good at constructing these roads, 4.____________ were called viae(路)．‎ Prepared viae began in history as the streets of Rome. The Law of the Twelve Tables(十二铜表法), 5.____________(date) back to approximately 450 B．C., explains that a road shall be 8 feet wide where straight and 16 feet where curved. According to the Tables, the Romans are commanded 6.____________(build) roads that would not need frequent repair.‎ The Romans had 7.____________ preference for standardization whenever they could. A golden milestone was set up. 8.____________ this milestone were listed all of the cities in the empire and the distances to them.‎ Roman roads 9.____________(consider) very important in maintaining both the stability and the expansion of the empire at that time. Even after over 1，000 years, these roads are still used. During the fall of the Roman Empire, the same roads offered 10.____________(avenue) of invasion to the foreigners. This contributed to the Roman military ruin.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了罗马帝国的陆路系统。‎ ‎1．growth　解析：考查名词。与该句中的定冠词“the”和“of”呼应可知，‎ 8‎ 此处应用其名词形式，即growth。‎ ‎2．efficiently　解析：考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故用副词efficiently修饰动词move。‎ ‎3．covered　解析：考查动词的时态。与语境中的“contained”呼应可知，此处指的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时，即covered。‎ ‎4．which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰表示物的先行词these roads，故用which。‎ ‎5．dating　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词短语date back to和句子主语The Law of the Twelve Tables是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用date的现在分词形式dating。‎ ‎6．to build　解析：考查非谓语动词。根据固定用法command sb.to do sth.“命令某人做某事”，此处应用不定式作宾语补足语。‎ ‎7．a　解析：考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处“preference”意为“偏爱”，可作可数名词，其前无限定词修饰，且其发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。‎ ‎8．On　解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“在里程碑上”，故用介词On。本句是一个倒装句，即介词短语置于句首时，句子全部倒装。‎ ‎9．were considered　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，consider和句子主语Roman roads构成被动关系，且与时间状语“at that time”呼应可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，即were considered。‎ ‎10．avenues　解析：考查名词的单复数。avenue是可数名词，且其前没有限定词修饰，故用其复数形式。‎ 8‎