【导学教程】2017高三英语二轮专题滚动检测（四） 7页

专题滚动检测(四)‎ ‎(限时：30分钟　阅读理解4篇)‎ A ‎(2016·济南模拟)People need to seek out new foods because the world has so many mouths to feed.As of 2015, there are more than seven billion people on Earth, according to the United Nations.And by 2100 that number may double.Feeding all of these people means not only improving the way food is grown, but also finding new sources of nutrition.‎ And that_quest is becoming ever more urgent.If nothing changes, within 35 years, the world’s appetite will be greater than the amount of food produced.That’s according to a report released last year.It was prepared by the Global Harvest Initiative, a private agriculture group based in Washington, D．C.‎ Global warming, too, is changing food production.Scientists predict that rising temperatures will reduce the growth of important crops like wheat, corn and soybeans.Lowincome developing countries will be hit the hardest.When harvests fall, crops become more expensive.And since those foods are also used to feed animals like cows and pigs, meat prices too, will rise.‎ All over the world, researchers are racing against the clock to figure out how best to feed more people in a fastchanging world.And some surprising ideas have begun to come up.Two years ago, scientists introduced the first burger made from meat grown in a lab.The project cost more than $300, 000, but it’s a start.Other researchers are developing seeds that can survive high temperatures and drought.Still others are finding ways to improve the genes of meat animals so they produce more meat and can stand the heat.‎ A gloomy(悲观的)forecast for the planet isn’t the only reason to study foods for the future.It’s a creative quest that will inspire people who can think in new ways about existing plants and animals even insects.These researchers have used their talents in ways that even they never would have predicted.‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文主要讲的是在全球变暖的环境下，人们应如何应对日益膨胀的人口的温饱问题。‎ ‎1．What do the underlined words “that quest” in paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．The research on food.‎ B．The increase of population.‎ C．The variety of nutrition.‎ D．The change of appetite.‎ 解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段的最后一句及下文的食物研究可知，画线词指对食物的研究。‎ 答案　A ‎2．How does global warming affect lowincome developing countries?‎ a．Increase meat prices.‎ b．Raise the temperature.‎ c．Reduce the growth of crops.‎ d．Lead to the high cost of life.‎ e．Cause a higher price for crops.‎ A．d→a→c→d→e　　　　　 B．c→a→b→d→e C．d→e→c→a→b D．b→c→e→a→d 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的整体内容可知，全球变暖首先是导致气温上升，然后是农作物减产，从而农作物价格上涨，进而肉类涨价，最终会导致人们生活成本增加。‎ 答案　D ‎3．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?‎ A．New ways of farming.‎ B．Some great researchers.‎ C．Progress in food research.‎ D．Achievements in lab experiments.‎ 解析　段落大意题。根据第四段的第二句“And some surprising ideas have begun to come up”并结合本段的整体内容可推知，本段主要讲述的是食物研究方面的进步。‎ 答案　C ‎4．What will be discussed in the following paragraph?‎ A．Examples of successful food researchers.‎ B．Different opinions about the future food.‎ C．Methods of dealing with global warming.‎ D．Possibilities of feeding the present population.‎ 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“These researchers have used their talents in ways that even they never would have predicted.”并结合本段的整体内容可推知，下文会举一些成功的食物研究者的例子。‎ 答案　A B ‎(2016·南昌一模)When people introduce themselves, I always hear them say “I’m just a housewife”．I don’t understand why their introduction is always filled with regret and selfpity.Is it really a crime to be a housewife？Is it really embarrassing when you choose not to work outside and instead choose to work in your home?‎ How could you be “just a housewife” when the basic social unit of society depends on you and your service？A housewife works for the longest hour, supporting your husband, child’s studies, caring for elders, managing finances, paying bills, grocery shopping, cooking according to individual taste, cleaning, etc.A housewife could be anyone：daughter, wife, mother, teacher, financial advisor, fashion designer and nurse, gardener, driver, cook, and so on.Don’t think you are not being paid for it.You get the reward that no money can offer－the love and affection of your family, their trust in you, a happy home and your own satisfaction.‎ It is you who choose to be in this occupation, willingly or for any other reason.After a busy day, all wait to return to the comfortable home set by you.They know you will be there to absorb all their stress and tiredness and relax them.Would the life have been the same had you been working outside to earn some money？Would you along with your family have been able to buy all the content in life that you are enjoying now with that money?‎ Respect yourself for what you are.Introduce yourself to the world with the same dignity.The world understands the importance of your job; it’s time to make them accept it.Introduce yourself with pride and with twinkle in your eyes “I am a housewife”．Kick that “just” out.‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文主要讨论了家庭主妇的伟大之处。‎ ‎5．How do people feel when they say “I’m just a housewife”？‎ A．Satisfied. B．Proud.‎ C．Regretful. D．Anxious.‎ 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“I don’t understand why their introduction is always filled with regret and selfpity.”可知，家庭主妇在自我介绍时会对自己的身份感到后悔或者遗憾。‎ 答案　C ‎6．Listing the housewife’s duties, the author implies a housewife________.‎ A．usually leads a terrible life B．plays a more important role C．does not always get her reward D．makes a great contribution to the family 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的整体内容可知，家庭主妇身兼多职，其在家庭中的作用和地位不可小觑，为整个家庭做出了巨大的贡献。‎ 答案　D ‎7．If a housewife worked outside, she would________.‎ A．have the same life like before B．set a comfortable home for her family C．absorb her family’s stress D．lose the content that she is enjoying 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的“Would you along with your family have been able to buy all the content in life that you are enjoying now with that money？”可推知，职业妇女是不可能享有家庭主妇所享有的那种满足感的，那是钱买不来的。‎ 答案　D ‎8．What is the authors’ attitude toward housewives?‎ A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.‎ C．Opposed. D．Tolerant.‎ 解析　观点态度题。根据文章最后一段的“Introduce yourself with pride and with twinkle in your eyes ‘ I am a housewife’．Kick that ‘just’ out.”可推知，作者是支持家庭主妇的。‎ 答案　A C ‎(2016·合肥市二模)Need for closure is a psychological term that describes a person’s desire for a firm answer to a question.Our need for closure is our natural preference for definite answers over confusion and uncertainty.Every person has their own baseline level of need for closure.It likely evolved via natural selection.‎ What I find really fascinating is how our need for closure is affected by the situation we’re in.Our need for closure rises when we have to act rather than just observe, and it matters much more when we’re rushed, or bored, or tired.Any stress can make our discomfort with uncertainty increase, and a high need for closure negatively influences some of our most important decisions: who we decide to trust, whether we admit we’re wrong and even how creative we are.‎ In hiring, for instance, a high need for closure leads people to put far too much weight on their first impression.It’s called the Urgency Effect.In one experiment, psychologists tried to lower people’s need for closure by telling them, right before participants are about to make various judgments of a job candidate, that they’ll be responsible in some way for them, or that their judgments have serious consequences.‎ In making any big decision, it’s not enough just to know that we should take our time.We all know that important decisions shouldn’t be rushed.The problem is that we don’t keep that advice in mind when it matters.So, one of the best solutions is to formalize the reminders.Before making important decisions, write down not just advantages and disadvantages but what the consequences could be.Also, think about how much pressure ‎ you’re under.If your need for closure is particularly high that day, it’s even more important to think twice.‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文讲述了人们在压力大的情况下会形成一种“了结需求(need for closure)”的心理，这会负面地影响人们做出正确的决断，所以要三思而后行。‎ ‎9．How does “need for closure” probably come into being?‎ A．By nature. B．By accident.‎ C．By acquiring. D．By imitating.‎ 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Our need for closure is our natural preference for definite answers over confusion and uncertainty.Every person has their own baseline level of need for closure.It likely evolved via natural selection.”可知，它是一种本能的选择。故选A。‎ 答案　A ‎10．It can be inferred that a high need for closure________.‎ A．brings about more stress B．causes discomfort and uncertainty C．leads to not so good decisions D．promotes one’s creativity 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“a high need for closure negatively influences some of our most important decisions”可推知，它会负面地影响我们做出好的决断。故选C。‎ 答案　C ‎11．In the experiment the psychologists reduced participants’ need for closure by telling them to________.‎ A．be cautious about their judgments B．value their first impression C．be responsible for their boss D．pay little attention to the consequences 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In one experiment，psychologists tried to lower people’s need for closure by telling them，right before participants are about to make various judgments of a job candidate, that they’ll be responsible in some way for them, or that their judgments have serious consequences.”可知，在实验中，为了减少这种心理对人们的影响，心理学家事先告知他们要谨慎，他们的判断会产生严重的后果。故选A。‎ 答案　A ‎12．What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?‎ A．Another strategy to escape the pressures of modern life.‎ B．Some serious consequences of making decisions.‎ C．Other approaches to making important decisions.‎ D．More helpful solutions to high need for closure.‎ 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“如果那天你的了结需求特别强烈，那三思而后行更重要”可推知，接下来会讲如果这种心理状况特别严重时该怎么办。故选D。‎ 答案　D D There are large numbers of giants under the sea－animals bigger than many of us can imagine.But what do we really know about these enormous creatures?‎ A team of scientists has studied the body sizes of 25 sea creatures including whales, squids(乌贼), and other ocean giants for a project.Craig McClain, the assistant director of the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center in North Carolina, US, said that many people have “quite unrealistic” ideas of the sizes of these creatures.“Several years ago I noticed that people kept saying that giant squids reached 60 feet(18 meters)in length, which is amazingly long.” In fact, they are about 12 meters long.‎ What is true, however, is that giant squids have the largest eyes among all animals.They see the world with eyes the size of soccer balls, measuring a huge 27 centimeters in diameter, according to the report “A unique advantage for giant eyes in giant squid” in the Current Biology journal.The largest fish eye is the 9centimeter eye of the swordfish－it would fit in the giant squid’s pupil(瞳孔)!‎ Large eyes are much better at seeing other large objects that give off their own light in water deeper than 500 meters.This is important for the giant squid, as it means that they can spot sperm whales(抹香鲸), who eat them, from a safe distance.‎ Another famous ocean giant is the blue whale, the largest mammal to have ever lived on Earth.According to National Geographic, their tongues alone can weigh as much as an elephant.Even a baby blue whale(calf)weighs up to 2,700 kg and is up to 8 meters long.However, blue whales are also very fast for their size.They can travel at over 8 km/h, and can reach speeds of over 30 km/h.‎ You might think that blue whales eat large animals like giant squids, but in fact they almost entirely eat a small creature called krill(磷虾)．Their larger size can also protect them against being starved, as they can move from an area with no food to another area rich in food without eating, according to the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center’s project.‎ So how much do you know about the giants that live under the water? Why not look a little further to find out more?‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文是一篇科普文章。介绍了海底世界让人惊叹的海底巨型动物。‎ ‎13．What can we learn about blue whales from this passage?‎ A．They are the natural enemy of giant squids.‎ B．Their choice of food is actually very limited.‎ C．They have to keep eating almost all the time due to their large size.‎ D．Their huge size means that they can only swim at slow speeds.‎ 解析　推理判断题。根据“You might think that blue whales eat large animals like giant squids, but in fact they almost entirely eat a small creature called krill”可知蓝鲸的食谱实际上很窄。‎ 答案　B ‎14．What does the author mainly talk about in this passage?‎ A．A comparison of two giant ocean creatures－giant squids and blue whales.‎ B．An introduction to the striking features of some giant ocean creatures.‎ C．A project launched by the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center to protect giant ocean creatures.‎ D．Explanations of some common misunderstandings of giant ocean creatures.‎ 解析　主旨大意题。纵观全文，作者介绍了和几种巨型海洋动物相关的知识，特别是它们的一些特色功能，如乌贼的大眼睛，蓝鲸的游泳速度和饮食习惯等。‎ 答案　B ‎15．Which is the structure of this passage?‎ 解析　文章结构题。第一段用问句引入话题；第二段介绍人们对于海底动物想象中的大小。然后说明真相。第三段和第四段介绍了大乌贼体积特征；第五段和第六段介绍蓝鲸的体积特征；第七段进行总结。‎ 答案　A