2019版高考英语一轮复习：第五周+星期四　阅读理解（时文报道类+说理议论类）+完形填空（记叙文） 10页

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018·广东佛山顺德区教学质量检测)‎ Growing up can sometimes seem like a roller coaster.There are ups and downs and unexpected turns.Abuse or neglect by an adult can make the ride even rougher.But being bullied(欺凌) by another child can leave especially lasting scars.That’s the finding of a new study.‎ Bullied kids face a high risk of mental health problems as teens and as young adults.Indeed bullied kids might be worse off than those who had suffered physical abuse or neglect，the study found.‎ Dieter Wolke works at the University of Warwick in England.Until recently，most studies of child victims focused not on bullying but on maltreatment，this psychologist says.Maltreatment includes physical or emotional abuse，neglect or other behaviors that can harm a child.‎ Wolke’s team wanted to better understand how bullying’s longterm effects compare to those due to maltreatment.They focused on 4,026 children in the United Kingdom and 1,420 more in the United States.Information about bullying and maltreatment was collected for American children to age 13.They collected the same information for British youth up to age 16.The researchers also gathered data on each individual’s mental health as a young adult.‎ Among the Americans,36 percent of bullied kids had mental problems later.Those problems included anxiety，which is a state of excessive worry.They also included depression.That is a feeling of hopelessness that can last a long time.Among kids who had been maltreated by adults,17 percent later suffered mental health problems.That was less than half the rate seen in people who had been bullied as school kids.‎ In the U．K.group，the difference was less spectacular.Roughly 25 percent of the bullied kids reported mental health problems later，compared with about 17 percent who had been maltreated.‎ But however you look at it，the finding are disturbing，Wolke says.They show that bullied children have similar or worse mental health problems later in life.And that’s why he says schools，health services and other agencies must work together to end bullying.‎ ‎1．According to the passage，which of the statements is TRUE?‎ A．Kids treated cruelly recover soon after they grow up.‎ B．All bullied kids have mental health problems.‎ C．Most kids with maltreatment experience tend to become violent adults.‎ D．Most studies didn’t pay much attention to bullying until recently.‎ ‎2．How does the author support the theme of the text?‎ A．By providing research results.‎ B．By stating arguments.‎ C．By explaining statistical data.‎ D．By giving examples.‎ ‎3．The underlined word “spectacular” in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by “ ”．‎ A．slight B．dramatic C．specific D．similar ‎4．According to the text，what does Wolke suggest doing?‎ A．Taking good care of children.‎ B．Joining hands to stop bullying.‎ C．Keeping psychologically healthy.‎ D．Comparing different types of abuse.‎ B ‎(2018·甘肃兰州一中期中)‎ Have you ever imagined traveling to a foreign country without having to worry about the headache of communicating in a different language?‎ In a recent Wall Street Journal article，technology policy expert Alec Ross argued that，within a decade or so，we’ll be able to communicate with one another via small earpieces with builtin ‎ microphones.That’s because technological progress is extremely rapid.It’s only a matter of time.Indeed，some parents firmly hold the idea that this technology is approaching and they’re wondering if their kids should even learn a second language.‎ It’s true that an increase in the quantity and accuracy of the data loaded into computers will make them cleverer at translating “No es bueno dormir mucho” as “It’s not good to sleep too much.” Replacing a word with its equivalent(同义词) in the target language is actually the “easy part” of a translator’s job.But even this seems to be a discouraging task for computers.‎ It’s so difficult for computers because translation doesn’t—or shouldn’t—involve simply translating words，sentences or paragraphs.Rather，it’s about translating meaning.And in order to infer meaning from a specific expression，humans have to interpret a mass of information at the same time.‎ Think about all the related clues that go into understanding an expression：volume，gesture，situation，and even your culture.All are likely to convey as much meaning as the words you use.‎ Therefore，we should be very skeptical of a machine that is unable to interpret the world around us.If people from different cultures can offend each other without realizing it，how can we expect a machine to do better？Unless engineers actually find a way to breathe a soul into a computer，undoubtedly when it comes to conveying and interpreting meaning using a natural language，a machine will never fully take our place.‎ ‎5．What view does the author hold about translation?‎ A．Proper translation can be tough for humans.‎ B．Slight differences matter little in translation.‎ C．Some machines will interpret our world properly.‎ D．Cultures deserve more attention than words used.‎ ‎6．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．An Expert’s Precise Prediction B．The Complexity of Translation C．Who Will Be a Better Translator D．Will Language Barrier Actually Disappear?‎ ‎7．What is the author’s attitude to the modern technology?‎ A．Unclear. B．Objective.‎ C．Optimistic. D．Negative.‎ ‎8．In which column can you read the article in a newspaper?‎ A．Language Learning.‎ B．Comments on hot issues.‎ C．Science Development.‎ D．Translation tips.‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2018·江西南昌二中联考)‎ Be a Traveler，not a Tourist Last summer，I had just enough money saved to buy a golden ticket—a 3month train pass that would take me to the furthest reaches of Europe.Excited for my journey，I packed all the necessities—except the 9 .‎ While the convenience of the Internet was definitely a contributing factor to my 10 not to take with me the few expensive kilograms of outofdate information，this was not the only reason why I decided to fly alone.‎ To be honest，my main 11 with the guidebook is that I find it 12 the pleasure of a journey—like bossy aunt who is always telling you what to do， 13 she doesn’t always know what is the best.‎ Experience has taught me that there is an obvious 14 between a tourist and traveler.‎ While waiting in a queue，I met a man who had a checklist.He showed me his list of “Top 20 Things to Do in Italy” and 15 off in a loud American accent that he’d seen everything Italy has to offer in just four days.‎ The problem I had with this man’s 16 to travelling was that he was too 17 ‎ ‎ information provided by his guidebook.He was lost in the 18 attractiveness of the “mustsees” and 19 to all the wonders and adventures that might happen during the 20 trip.‎ So， 21 any guidebook，I traveled to Estonia，the tiny Baltic country bordering Russia.In the 22 of advance plans as guidebooks would suggest，I had no choice but to turn to some friendly faces for advice.I 23 myself first and then asked them what was happening around the town.When this 24 an invitation to a beautiful Estonian home by a river where I 25 a 110degree woodstove sauna(桑拿浴)， 26 picked forestmushrooms and the good 27 of our five newfound Estonian friends，I was most glad that I had left my “bossy 28 ” at home.‎ ‎9．A.guidebook B．magazine C．cash D．map ‎10．A.goal B．excuse C．decision D．mistake ‎11．A.suggestion B．problem C．dislike D．connection ‎12．A.increases B．annoys C．removes D．limits ‎13．A.even though B．as if C．as though D．as long as ‎14．A.similarity B．distinction C．competition D．misunderstanding ‎15．A.cut B．showed C．gave D．put ‎16．A.way B．determination C．confidence D．approach ‎17．A.cautious about B．amused by C．focused on D．surprised at ‎18．A.likely B．seemingly C．orderly D．lovely ‎19．A.blind B．dumb C．deaf D．eager ‎20．A.guided B．imagined C．real D．paid ‎21．A.without B．beyond C．except D．unlike ‎22．A.loss B．control C．face D．absence ‎23．A.introduced B．warned C．calmed D．enjoyed ‎24．A.resulted in B．cut in C．broke in D．put in ‎25．A.found B．enjoyed C．ordered D．bathed ‎26．A.locally B．secretly C．rarely D．nervously ‎27．A.experience B．company C．opinion D．time ‎28．A.mom B．book ‎ C．aunt D．master 答案精析 Ⅰ.‎ 语篇解读　短文主要通过研究人员对英国和美国大量儿童做调查研究，关注儿童受欺凌问题，呼吁各个相关部门携手制止欺凌。‎ ‎1．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，之前，大多数调查研究针对虐待而不是欺凌。故选D。]‎ ‎2．A　[推理判断题。根据第四、五、六段内容可知，研究人员对一些儿童进行研究得出结果，可知作者是通过研究结果支持本文的主题。故选A。]‎ ‎3．B　[词义猜测题。根据上一段美国孩子的调查结果：遭受欺凌的孩子有36%之后有精神问题，而遭受成人虐待的孩子有精神问题的为17%；本段中英国孩子相对应的比率为25%和17%。所以推知此处表示差距不算太明显。spectacular意为“壮观的，惊人的”。故选B。]‎ ‎4．B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，Wolke建议携手制止欺凌。故选B。]‎ 语篇解读　随着科技发展，有人预测将来不同语言的人交流可以通过专门的翻译耳机进行。作者对此表示怀疑，认为翻译是复杂的事，涉及到多方面的影响，机器永远不能取代人。‎ ‎5．A　[推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句“Rather，it’s about translating meaning.And in order to infer meaning from a．..same time.”和第五段可知翻译不是简单的词语罗列，它涉及到意义、声音、姿势、状况、文化背景等许多方面。所以恰当翻译很难，故选A。]‎ ‎6．D　[标题归纳题。随着科技发展，有人预测将来不同语言的人交流可以通过专门的翻译耳机进行。作者对此表示怀疑，认为翻译是复杂的事，涉及到多方面的影响。D项：语言障碍真的会消失吗？概括全文，表达了作者的疑问，适合作为文章标题。故选D。]‎ ‎7．D　[观点态度题。作者认为翻译不是简单的词语罗列，它涉及到意义、声音、姿势、状况、文化背景等许多方面。现代科技翻译耳机做不到准确翻译句子的含义，所以作者对此持否定态度。故选D。]‎ ‎8．B　[文章出处题。作者提出了对新科技翻译耳机的怀疑态度。本文应出自热点问题评论栏目。故选B。]‎ Ⅱ.‎ ‎9．A　[句意为：除了旅游指南外，我把所有的必需品都打包了。guidebook旅行指南；magazine杂志；cash现金；map地图。由下文可知作者没有带旅游指南。故选A。]‎ ‎10．C　[句意为：互联网的便利无疑对我的决定是一个促成因素。goal目标；excuse借口；decision决定；mistake错误。故选C。]‎ ‎11．B　[句意为：说实话，我发现旅游指南的主要问题是它限制了旅游的乐趣。suggestion建议；problem问题；dislike不喜欢；connection关系。故答案为B。]‎ ‎12．D　[句意见上题解析。increase增长；annoy打扰；remove除掉；limit限制。故答案为D。]‎ ‎13．A　[句意为：像专横的阿姨总是告诉你该怎么做，即使她并不总是知道什么是最好的。even though即使；as if好像；as though好像；as long as只要。故答案为A。]‎ ‎14．B　[句意为：经验告诉我旅行者和观光客之间是有差别的。similarity相似；distinction差别；competition竞赛； misunderstanding误解。答案为B。]‎ ‎15．B　[句意为：他给我看了他“在意大利要做的20件事”的清单，大声地用美国口音炫耀他看到了清单上的一切。cut off切除；show off炫耀；give off发出；put off推迟。故选B。]‎ ‎16．D　[句意为：我不认同这个人的旅行方法的地方是他太专注于旅行指南上提供的信息。way道路；determination决心；confidence自信；approach方法。故选D。]‎ ‎17．C　[句意见上题解析。be focused on专注于，符合语境。故答案为C。]‎ ‎18．B　[句意为：他迷失在“必看”的看似有吸引力的地方。likely可能的；seemingly看上去，看来似乎；orderly有秩序的；lovely可爱的。故选B。]‎ ‎19．A　[句意为：他对所有可能发生在真正的旅行中的奇迹和冒险视而不见。be blind to对……视而不见，故选A。]‎ ‎20．C　[句意见上题解析。guided有向导的；imagined想象的；real真正的；paid已付的。故答案为C。]‎ ‎21．A　[句意为：所以我去爱沙尼亚旅游没带任何旅行指南。without没有；beyond超出……的范围；except除……之外；unlike不像。故选A。]‎ ‎22．D　[loss损失；control控制；face脸；absence缺席，缺乏。作者没带旅行指南，所以缺少提前计划。in the absence of缺少……，故选D。]‎ ‎23．A　[句意为：我首先自我介绍，然后询问城镇周围所发生的事情。introduce介绍；warn警告；calm冷静；enjoy喜爱。故答案为A。]‎ ‎24．A　[result in导致；cut in插嘴；break in破门而入；put in提出，提交。这里是作者的询问产生的结果。故选A。]‎ ‎25．B　[句意为：我在那里享受了一次110℃的木制火炉桑拿浴。find发现；enjoy喜爱；order命令；bath沐浴。故答案为B。]‎ ‎26．A　[locally在本地；secretly秘密地；rarely罕见地；nervously紧张不安地。此处指“在本地采摘森林蘑菇”。故答案为A。]‎ ‎27．B　[experience经验；company陪伴；opinion建议；time时间。此处指“有几个新交的爱沙尼亚朋友陪伴着我”。故答案为B。]‎ ‎28．C　[mom妈妈；book书；aunt阿姨；master主人。由第三段的“bossy aunt”可知答案为C。]‎