2019届高三英语二轮复习课件：第一部分语法专题第十节主谓一致和特殊句式(共63张PPT) 63页

第十节　主谓一致和特殊句式 主谓一致 考点一　语法一致 1 ．不定式、动名词和名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。 what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数。 ◆ ( 湖南卷 )All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health. 所有的科学证据都表明，在农业中使用的越来越多的化学品正在危害着我们的健康。 ◆ What he has said leaves much for us to think about. 他说的话发人深省。 2 ．表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 ◆ Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy. 对一个男孩来说， 3000 美元是一笔大数目。 3 ．如果主语后面带有 as well as ， with ， along with ， together with ， rather than ， but ， except ， besides ， including ， in addition to ， in common with 等加其他名词时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 ◆ ( 福建卷 )The famous musician ， as well as his students ， was invited to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. 那个著名的音乐家和他的学生应邀在 2012 年台北花卉博览会开幕式上表演。 [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 / 单句改错 1 ． ( 2018· 湖南浏阳一中月考 )A survey of the opinions of experts ________ (show) that three hours of outdoor exercise a week __ (be) good for one's health. shows is 2.What they need most ___ (be) money while what we need most ____(be) textbooks. 3 ． ( 2018· 河南郑州一中质检 )John as well as the other children who have no parents are being taken good care of in the village now. ________ 考点二　意义一致 1. “ 分数 / 百分数 /a lot of/plenty of/ the rest of/the majority of/half of/most of/some of... ＋名词 ” 构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词由短语中的名词来确定。 is are → is are ◆ The factory used three fifths of the raw materials, the rest of which were saved for other purposes. 工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三，剩余部分节省出来作为他用。 ◆ Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water. 总共有超过 70% 的地球表面被水覆盖。 2 ． “ the ＋形容词 ” 表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。 ◆ The young, on the one hand, often think of the old conservative. On the other hand, the old always consider the young inexperienced. 一方面，年轻人常认为老年人保守；另一方面，老年人总是认为年轻人缺乏经验。 3. people ， police 等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式； family ， team ， class ， audience 等作主语时，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若指组成集体的成员，则用复数形式。 ◆ The class is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls. 这个班由 20 个男生和 15 个女生组成。 ◆ The whole class were told to stay behind after school to have an important meeting. 全班学生被告知放学后留下开一个重要的会。 4. “ a number of ＋复数名词 ” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为 “ 许多 ” ； “ the number of ＋复数名词 ” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，意为 “ …… 的数量 ” 。 ◆ The number of people invited was one hundred, but a number of them were absent for different reasons. 收到邀请的总共有 100 人，但很多人因为各种原因缺席了。 [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 / 单句改错 1 ． The majority of visitors ______ (be) in favor of his conclusion that the number of books published on the subject _____ (be) simply surprising. 2 ． ( 2018· 福建清流一中段考 )As a result of people's destroying the forest, a larger quantity of desert ___________(cover) the earth in recent years. were was has covered 3 ． ( 2018· 陕西西安二模 )The earth looks like a big blue ball, which is because two thirds of the earth's surface are made up of vast oceans. ________ 考点三　就近一致 1 ．由 or ， nor ， either...or... ， neither...nor... ， not only...but also... ， not...but... 等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数常和它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 ◆ ( 2018· 贵州遵义二模 )Not only John and Tom but also their sister ， Mary ， takes great interest in the piano lessons. 不仅是约翰和汤姆，就连他们的妹妹玛丽，也对钢琴课有极大的兴趣。 are → is 2. 在倒装句中谓语常与后面最接近的主语一致。 ◆ In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people. 远处传来拍手声和人们的喊叫声。 3. There be 句式中，主语是两个或多个并列名词时， be 的形式与最邻近的主语保持一致。 ◆ There are three chairs, a desk and a computer in my new office. 在我的新办公室里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。 [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 / 单句改错 1 ． There ___ (be) a dog and three ducks in the yard, in the middle of which ____ (be) two tall trees with great shade. 2 ． ( 2018· 江西南昌一模 )Either you or one of your students __ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 3 ． ( 2018· 聊城二模 )Between the two rows of trees stand the teaching building. _____________ is are is stand → stands 特殊句式 　 考点一　倒装句 完 全 倒 装 表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语 here, there, now, then, up, down, away, off, in, out, in the room, on the wall 等置于句首，且主语为名词时 部 分 倒 装 否定副词 (never, neither, nor, hardly, little, seldom, rarely 等 ) 或表示否定意义的介词短语 (at no time, by no means, on no condition, in no case 等 ) 置于句首时 only 修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且置于句首时 “ so/neither ＋助动词 /be 动词 / 情态动词＋主语 ” 意为 “ …… 也是如此 / 也不 ……” 在 not only... but (also) ． .. 句型中，若 not only 置于句首时，需将 not only 所在的句子部分倒装 not until... 置于句首时， 主句需部分倒装 so...that... 和 such...that... 句式中， so 或 such 及其所修饰的成分置于句首时，主句需部分倒装 ◆ ( 2016· 江苏卷 )Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist  related activities in the rural areas. 直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。 ◆ ( 湖南卷 )Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision. 他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才作出决定。 ◆ ( 四川卷 )We laugh at jokes, but seldom do we think about how they work. 我们听到笑话时会笑，却很少去考虑它们是如何让我们发笑的。 ◆ ( 陕西卷 )John opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before. 约翰打开门，一个他以前从未见过的女孩站在那里。 [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 / 单句改错 1 ． ( 重庆卷 )At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _____ (lie) Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China. 2 ． ( 2018· 广东执信中学期中 )So difficult ____ I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. 3 ． ( 福建卷 )Not until he went through real hardship he realize the love we have for our families is important. _________________ lies did 在 hardship 后加 did 考点二　强调句 1. 陈述句式： It is/was... that/who...( 强调人时可用 that 或 who ，强调物时只用 that) 一般疑问句： Is/Was ＋ it ＋ ... that/who...? 特殊疑问句：疑问词＋ is/was ＋ it ＋ that...? ◆ ( 2017· 天津卷 )It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors. 正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。 ◆ ( 四川卷 )Was it on a longly island that he was saved one month after the boat went down? 他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？ 2 ．“ not... until... ” 的强调句： It is/was not until... that...( 注意时态 ) ◆ ( 湖南卷 )It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. 直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。 [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 / 单句改错 1 ． ( 重庆卷 )It was with the help of the local guide _____ the mountain climber was rescued. 2 ． ( 2018· 北京海淀一模 )Could it be in the restaurant where you had dinner with me yesterday _____ you lost your handbag? that that 3 ． ( 2018· 江苏泰州中学月考 )It is the talent and hard work of the musical group which allow them to win over many fans. ___________ 考点三　其他特殊句式 一、省略 1 ． 状语从句的省略 当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是 it 且从句中含 be 动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和 be 动词，构成下列结构：连词＋形容词 / 介词短语 / 现在分词 / 过去分词 / 不定式。 which → that ◆ ( 湖南卷 )Children ， when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. 当孩子有父母陪伴的时候，他们是被允许进入体育馆的。 2 ． 不定式的省略 (1) 在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词 ( 短语 ), 只保留不定式符号 to 。常用在 expect, hope, intend, mean, try, want, wish 等词后。 ◆ ( 2016· 江苏卷 )Firstly, people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don't want to. 首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时，他们会感到是被迫的。 (2) but 用作介词，意为 “ 除 …… 之外 ” 时，前面有实义动词 do, 后接不定式时，要省略 to ；但前面没有实义动词 do 时，后接的不定式不省略 to 。 ◆ ( 陕西卷 )If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge. 如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。 二、感叹句 1 ． what 引导的感叹句 (1)What ＋ a/an ＋ ( adj .) ＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ (2)What ＋ ( adj .) ＋不可数名词 / 复数名词＋主语＋谓语！ 2. how 引导的感叹句 (1)How ＋ adj ./ ad v . ＋主语＋谓语！ (2) How ＋ adj . ＋ a/an ＋单词名词＋主语＋谓语！ (3) How ＋主语＋谓语！ ◆ ( 辽宁卷 )What a strange plant( ＝ How strange a plant)! I've never seen it before. 这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。 ◆ The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. 这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。 三、祈使句 祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称 you( 常省略 ) 。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加 don't, 也可用副词 never 构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加 do 。与祈使句有关的常考句型： (1) 祈使句＋ and/or ＋简单句 (2) 名词词组 ( 多含有 more, another) ＋ and ＋简单句 ◆ ( 2018· 北京卷 ) In any unsafe situation, simply press the button and a highly  trained agent will get you the help you need. 在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。 ◆ Start out right away ， or we'll miss the first train. 立刻出发，否则的话，我们将要错过首班车。 四、 there be 句型 1 ． there be 句型中的 be 可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且 be 有时可用 live, remain, stand, lie, exist, seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be 等替换。 ◆ There have been many great changes in our country since then. 自从那时起我国发生了很多大的变化。 ◆ Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。 2 ． there be 句型的常考句型： There is no point/sense (in) doing sth. 做某事没有意义 There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问 …… There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.( 某人 ) 没有必要做某事 There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/ with sth. 做某事 ( 没 ) 有困难 There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that...( 做 ) 某事 ( 没 ) 有可能性 [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 / 单句改错 1 ． ( 北京卷 )If __________ (accept) for the job, you'll be informed soon. 2 ． ( 2018· 山西太原调研 )______ seems to be much more support for the new policy among college students than among officials. 3 ． ( 2018· 福建质检 )Failing for the first time has made him come to know what important a second chance is.___________ 4 ． Standing on the top of the tower and you'll enjoy the scenery of the whole city. _______________ accepted There what → how Standing → Stand Ⅰ . 单句语法填空 1 ． ( 2018· 湖北八校第一次联考 )The publication of Great Expectations ， which________(be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist. 【 解析 】 句意：受到广泛好评和高度称赞的 《 远大前程 》 的出版巩固了狄更斯作为一名杰出小说家的地位。分析句子结构可知， which 引导定语从句，其先行词是 Great Expectations ，这是一本书，所以定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式，另根据 strengthened 可知，此处应用一般过去时，故用 was 。 【 答案 】 was 2 ． ( 2018· 广西梧州高三一模 )Freddy gave him a job and housing and lent him pocket money while________(train) him. 【 解析 】 考查状语从句的省略。根据宾语 him 判断， train 在此是动词，其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致，且二者为主动关系，故填现在分词。 【 答案 】 training 3 ． ( 2018· 江苏四市调研 )One has reason to believe that China's anti  corruption over the past few years ， tough________it is ， has achieved inspiring progress. 【 解析 】 句意：有理由相信在过去的几年里中国的反腐活动取得了令人鼓舞的成就，虽然该活动很艰难。 as/though 引导让步状语从句时采用了形式倒装。 【 答案 】 as/though 4 ． ( 2018· 甘肃兰州一中高三月考 )Each student________(learn) a foreign language, mostly English, from Day One of their compulsory education. 【 解析 】 主语是 each student ，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 【 答案 】 learns 5 ． ( 2018· 湖南怀化一模 )More than one doctor________(be) involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake. 【 解析 】 句意：许多医生都加入到了震后的营救工作中。 “ more than one ＋可数名词单数 ” 作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。根据从句用一般过去时可知，主句也应用一般过去时。故填 was 。 【 答案 】 was 6 ． ( 2018· 浙江金、温、台三市部分学校联考 )A pair of glasses________(be)on the table, but the glasses________(be) yours. 【 解析 】 glasses 前有 A pair of 修饰，表单数概念， a pair of glasses 作主语时谓语动词用单数形式； glasses 单独作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。又因句中有 but ，表示转折，故用否定形式。 【 答案 】 is; aren't 7 ． ( 2018· 湖南益阳箴言中学模拟 )He has donated some money to those who live in poverty, which________(be) of great help. 【 解析 】 句意：他给那些生活贫困的人捐了一些钱，这帮了大忙。 which 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代前面主句的内容，故从句谓语动词应用单数；根据空前的 has donated 可知此处应用一般现在时。故填 is 。 【 答案 】 is 8 ． ( 2018· 湖南师大附中月考 )Professor James will give us a lecture on Western culture, and he as well as his assistants________(be) to arrive by air. 【 解析 】 句意：詹姆斯教授将给我们做一次关于西方文化的演讲，他和他的助理将乘飞机到达。 as well as 连接并列成分时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与前面主语保持一致。 【 答案 】 is 9 ． There is a house near the river. There lives a man in the house and there________(be) a lot of fish in the river. 【 解析 】 此处表示河里有很多鱼。此处 fish 指的是鱼不是鱼肉， fish 单复数同形，故谓语动词用复数 are 。 【 答案 】 are 10 ． ( 2018· 四川部分名校联测 )At the top of the hill________(lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city. 【 解析 】 当介词短语置于句首时，句子应用完全倒装，去除修饰部分 which has a wonderful view of the whole city 后，还原成正常语序为： An old cottage________(lie) at the top of the hill. 句意：山顶上坐落着一间能一览全城美景的古老小屋。结合定语从句的时态可以判断，此处应用一般现在时，故填 lies 。 【 答案 】 lies 11 ． ( 2018· 湖北荆州中学质检 )Only then________we realize there was an earthquake. I was too frightened to move. 【 解析 】 句意：只有在那时我们才意识到地震发生了。我太害怕了以至于一动不动。 “ only ＋状语 ” 位于句首，后面的句子需要部分倒装。本句介绍的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时，故填 did 。 【 答案 】 did 12 ． ( 2018· 山东部分重点中学联考 )Yes, of course they celebrate Christmas here, and there are obviously displays in shops and Christmas markets, but________seem to be no signs of Christmas adverts. 【 解析 】 句意：当然他们在这里庆祝圣诞节，而且很明显商店和圣诞节市场里有很多展览品，但是似乎没有圣诞广告的迹象。考查 there be 句型， be 动词可用 lie ， exist ， seem ， remain 等替代。 【 答案 】 there 13 ． ( 2018· 贵州黔东南州第一次联考 )However, don't feel disappointed or even doubt yourself as you are not the only one who________(find) it difficult to write well. 【 解析 】 句意：然而，不要失望或者甚至怀疑自己，因为你不是唯一觉得 “ 写好很难 ” 的人。 the only one 为 who 引导的定语从句的先行词， who 在从句中作主语，其谓语动词的数要和先行词保持一致。故填 finds 。 【 答案 】 finds 14 ． ( 2018· 温州十校联考 )Not a single word________he say when he was asked, which made his parents angry. 【 解析 】 否定副词 not 位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，由 when he was asked 可知应用助动词 did 倒装。 【 答案 】 did 15 ． ( 2018· 聊城市模拟 )Not only________it lay stress on the natural beauty of a female figure, but it makes women's legs appear slimmer. 【 解析 】 考查助动词。 not only 位于句首，后面的句子应用部分倒装，根据后面的动词 makes 可判定时态为一般现在时，故填 does 。 【 答案 】 does 16 ． ( 2018· 衡水中学模拟 )In my life, it is music which is extremely important__________brings me closer to my friends and family. 【 解析 】 考查强调句型。根据强调句型的构成可知此处填 that 。 【 答案 】 that 17 ． ( 2018· 陕西西安八校联考 )As far as I can see ， ________is no possibility that he will win the tennis match this time. 【 解析 】 句意：依我看，他没有赢得这次网球比赛的可能性。 There is no possibility that... 意为 “ 没有 …… 的可能性 ” ，为 there be 句型。故填 there 。 【 答案 】 there 18 ． ( 2018· 湖北四地七校联考 )Not until the motorbike looked almost new________he stop repairing and cleaning it. 【 解析 】 句意：直到摩托车看起来几乎是新的时，他才停止修理和清洗它。 not until... 位于句首时，主句要部分倒装，再结合 “ looked ” 可知时态为一般过去时，故此处填助动词 did 。 【 答案 】 did 19 ． ( 2018· 湖北襄阳四校联考 )The little boy came riding at full speed down the motorway on his bicycle.________a dangerous scene it was! 【 解析 】 分析句子结构可知该句为感叹句，题干属于 what ＋ a/an ＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语结构，故用 What 。 【 答案 】 What 20 ． ( 2018· 江西九江高三一模 )I was in trouble in overcoming my addiction to cowputer games, and________was my brother Bob. 【 解析 】 根据句意判断，所填的词要能表达出后一种情况与前面情况相同这一意义，故用 so ，构成 “ so ＋谓语动词＋主语 ” 这种倒装结构，表示 “ …… 也 ……” 。 【 答案 】 so Ⅱ . 单句改错 1 ． ( 2018· 湖北省八校联考 )Not until then I know my senior high school life had really begun. __________ 【 解析 】 Not until 置于句首，其后的主句应用部分倒装。 【 答案 】 I 前加 did 2 ． ( 2018· 福州八中质检 )As the saying go ，“ United we stand; divided we fall. ” __________ 【 解析 】 句子的主语 the saying 是单数，谓语应用第三人称单数，故 go 改为 goes 。 【 答案 】 go → goes 3 ． ( 2018· 西安市模拟 )Then a foreigner and the boss was having a conversation, but the boss didn't know what the foreigner said. __________ 【 解析 】 句子的主语 a foreigner and the boss 是两个人，故 was 改为 were 。 【 答案 】 was → were 4 ． ( 2018· 甘肃张掖中学月考 )None of the farmers in the small village can read or write, or can they speak the official language. __________ 【 解析 】 语境表示 “ 不 …… 也不 ” ，应该用 “ nor ＋倒装句 ” 结构。 【 答案 】 第二个 or → nor 5 ． ( 2018· 河南百校联盟教学质量检测 )There was many tasks I had to finish. Besides ， I attended English and Math training classes because of my weaknesses in the two subjects. __________ 【 解析 】 考查 there be... 句型的主谓一致。 be 动词的单复数取决于后面紧邻的主语的单复数，此处主语为复数， be 动词应用复数，故将 was 改为 were 。 【 答案 】 was → were 6 ． ( 2018· 河北承德第一中学第三次月考 )It was a year ago when Joshua got a bike at Christmas, and he rode it every day. __________ 【 解析 】 句意：正是在一年前乔舒亚在圣诞节获得了一辆自行车，并且他每天都骑着这辆自行车。这是一个强调句，句中强调了时间状语 “ a year ago ” 。 【 答案 】 when → that 7 ． ( 2018· 广东湛江调研 )I'd like to invite you to the coming Christmas party, which will take place on the second floor of the dining hall as expect. __________ 【 解析 】 句意：我想邀请你参加即将举行的圣诞晚会，晚会将在餐厅的二楼如期举行。根据句意以及句子结构可知，句中的 as expect 是 as it is expected 的省略形式。状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或其主语是 it 并且从句谓语是 be 动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和 be 动词。 【 答案 】 expect → expected 8 ． ( 2018· 湖南长沙一模 )Doing as well as you can today, and perhaps you may be able to do better tomorrow. __________ 【 解析 】 该句为 “ 祈使句＋ and ＋陈述句 ” 结构，祈使句首应用动词原形，故将 Doing 改为 Do 。 【 答案 】 Doing → Do 9 ． ( 2018· 江西省重点中学协作体联考 )Not only our parents give us life, but they also give us endless love and support, always sharing our happiness and sorrow. __________ 【 解析 】 not only 位于句首时其后的句子用部分倒装，此处缺少助动词，故在 not only 后加助动词 do 。 【 答案 】 Not only 后加 do 10 ． ( 2018· 江西省名校联盟质检 )It seems to be much more support for the new policy among college students than among officials. __________ 【 解析 】 句意：大学生对这项新政策的支持似乎比官员的支持要多一些。这里用了 There be 句式的变形 ——There seems to be 。 【 答案 】 It → There