高中英语必修2教案：The Olympic Games-词汇讲解学案 9页

The Olympic Games-词汇讲解学案 ‎ ‎1.ancient adj.‎ ‎(1)古代的 in ancient times ‎(2)古老的；年代久远的 e.g. We were deeply attracted by the ancient building.‎ 辨析：‎ 易混词 辨析 例句 ancient 指“历史上久远的，古代的”‎ He believes in ancient myths.‎ old 指“古老的，年老的，年代久的”‎ One is never too old to learn.‎ ancient—modern—contemporary ‎2.take part in 易混短语（词）‎ 辨析 例句 take part in 指参加有组织的、严肃的、重大的活动。‎ Every four years, many athletes from different countries take part in/join in the Olympic Games.‎ join in 指参加正在进行着的活动或游戏等，有时可与take part in换用。‎ join 指参加团体和组织，成为其中的一个成员，也可用于join sb. in (doing) sth.（与某人一起做某事）‎ Would you join us in the football game?‎ attend 相当于be present at，意为“出席，参加”。后常跟meeting, wedding, lecture, class, funeral等。‎ He was invited to attend the Boao Forum for Asia.‎ ‎3.event 易混词 辨析 例句 accident 事件，大事；比赛项目 His became disable in a bad car accident.‎ event 意外之事（尤指灾难）‎ It’s an event for the whole family.‎ incident 事情，小事件；事变，突发事件 It’s an incident for the country.‎ affair 事务，事件，私事 The new minister was in charge of foreign affairs.‎ ‎4.stand for代表；主张，支持；容忍，接受 stand by袖手旁观，站在……一边 stand up起立，站得住脚 stand out显眼，引人注目 stand down退出（比赛等）‎ stand up for为……而站起来，支持 stand up to勇敢地面对，经得起 ‎5.interview ‎(1)vt. （记者等）采访，访问 ‎(2)vt. 与……进行面谈，面试 ‎(3)n. （记者等的）采访；访谈；面试，面谈；（两人之间的）会谈；面谈 view看----interview互相之间看（会见；采访）‎ ‎ preview先看（预习；预演）‎ ‎ review再看（复习；复审）‎ ‎6.journey on a journey意为“进行旅行”，常与go, start, come, be等搭配使用 辨析：‎ 易混词 辨析 例句 voyage 指“海上旅行”或“航行”‎ Columbus‎ voyaged across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492. ‎ travel ‎“旅行”的总称，是不可数名词，其前不加冠词。‎ Travel in the mountains can be slow and dangerous.‎ journey 指长途陆路旅行，特指“旅途”本身。‎ It’s a long long journey Till I know where I’m supposed to be trip 指短途短期旅行，一般为往返旅行。‎ They made a trip to the lakeside last weekend.‎ tour 指“团队”观光旅游。也可表示“巡视”“巡回比赛”或“演出”。‎ The band is on tour in China.‎ ‎7.find out about弄清有关……的情况 辨析：‎ 易混短语（词）‎ 辨析 例句 find out 通常指经过努力有意去“找，打听，弄清楚”‎ Please find out what time they are coming.‎ find 通常意为“找到，发现”，有时指无意间“找到，发现”，有时表示经过努力或研究而“找到，发现”，强调结果。‎ I’ve found the money I was looking for.‎ discover 通常表示发现本来就存在，但尚未被人所知的事物或地方。‎ Columbus‎ discovered the New World in 1492.‎ ‎8.time时代，时期 against time争分夺秒地，尽快地 ‎ ahead of time超前的 ‎(at) any time在任何时候 at no time在任何时候都不 at that time在那时 at the time of在……的时候 before the times在时代前沿 behind time在原定时间以后，迟到 by this time到此刻，到现在 for a time暂时，一度 all the time一直，始终 at all times无论任何，一直 at a time,一次；一度 at one time同时；曾经 at the same time同时；但，然而 at times有时，不时 behind the times落后于时代 every time每次，每当 for the time being暂时，眼下 ‎9.regular adj.规则的；有规律的；间隙均匀的；定时的；通常的；平常的；惯常的 n.常客，老主顾；主力（或正式）队员 ‎10.basis ‎(1)原因，缘由 on the basis of…/that…‎ ‎(2)基准；准则；方式 on a regular basis例行的，有规律的 ‎(3)基础；要素；基点 e.g. The basis of a good marriage is trust.‎ 辨析：‎ basis抽象 base具体 ‎11.admit ‎(1)允许（人或物）进入；让……进入 admit sb. to/into…允许某人进入；吸收某人为……的成员 be admitted as…作为……被接受（后接表示成员的名词）‎ ‎(2)容纳 e.g. This classroom admits only 20 students.‎ ‎(3)承认，供认 admit (+to) + sth./doing sth.承认某事；做过某事 admit + that-clause承认……‎ admit sb./sth. to be + adj./n.承认……为……‎ e.g. I admit my mistake(that I was wrong).‎ He admitted to stealing my pen.‎ ‎12.nowadays现今；现在；目前 辨析：‎ 易混词 辨析 例句 nowadays 不指此刻，它常用于现今与旧时习俗、习惯等的对比中，带有感情色彩。‎ Nowadays, scientific develops very quickly. ‎ now 含义较广，既可指说话的此刻，也可指目前。‎ He is sleeping now.‎ ‎13.allow允许，准许；承认 allow + n./pron.允许……‎ allow + n./pron. + to do允许……做……‎ allow doing允许做……‎ allow + n. + prep./adv.允许……‎ allow + that-clause承认……‎ He believes that children should/ought to/must be allowed to learn/study（应允许……学习）at their own pace.(allow)‎ ‎14.play a role in（在……中）扮演角色；（在……中）起作用 e.g. Tom Hanks played a leading role（扮演主角） in the film “Forest Gump”.(play)‎ play a role/part of…表示“扮演……角色”‎ ‎15.as well 辨析：‎ 易混短语（词）‎ 辨析 例句 as well 用于肯定句，只用于句末。‎ He plays basketball as well.‎ also 用于肯定句，用在句中。‎ He also plays basketball.‎ too 用于肯定句，用在句中或句末。‎ He plays basketball, too.‎ either 用于否定句。‎ He doesn’t play basketball, either.‎ 辨析：‎ 易混短语 辨析 例句 as well 副词短语，一般放在肯定句句末，as well如用作连词必须和and, but连用，其侧重点在 后。‎ He plays basketball as well.‎ as well as 连词词组，可连接两个并列成分。‎ He plays basketball as well as football.‎ a. as well as连接两个主语时，其谓语动词的形式应根据前一个主语确定，其侧重点在前边部分。此外，还有together with, along with, besides(but, except), including, rather than等也属此种情况。‎ e.g. He as well as I likes money.‎ b. not only…but also…连接两个主语时，根据后一个主语确定动词的形式，其侧重点在后一部分。‎ c. as well as后接动词时，该动词常用-ing形式。‎ d. as well as位于句首时，后面的动词须用-ing形式。‎ ‎3.不能用“A, B as well C”结构，但可用“A as well as B and C”或“A and B as well as C”结构。‎ ‎16.host vt. 做东，主办 London will host the 30th Olympic Games in 2012.（将主办第三十届奥运会）‎ n.主人，东道主 e.g. London will be the host country of the 30th Olympic Games.‎ 辨析：‎ 易混词 辨析 例句 host 与guest（客人）相对应 master 与servant（仆人）相对应 ‎17. responsibility responsibility for sth./for doing sth./to do sth. 对……负责 take o the responsibility承担责任 on one’s own responsibility由某人自己负责 a sense of responsibility责任感 ‎18. honour ‎(1)[C]光荣的人或事（通常 用an honour）‎ e.g. He is an honour to our school.‎ ‎(2)[U]荣誉；信誉；名誉 e.g. win honour for one’s motherland ‎ May I have the honour of this dance?‎ ‎(3)[U]尊敬；敬意 show honour to…对……表示敬意 ‎(4)vt. 尊敬，给某人以荣誉 honour sb. with sth.用某事来向某人表达敬意 be/feel honoured to do sth.（做某事）感到荣幸 e.g. Will you honour me with a visit?‎ 其他可具体化的抽象名词，表示“一个……的人、一件……的事”，surprise, pleasure, delight, success, failure.‎ ‎19.must ‎(1)（表示必要或很重要）必须 ‎(2)（表示很有可能或符合逻辑）一定 e.g. You must think math is difficult.‎ ‎(3)（提出建议）应该，得 e.g. You must study hard.‎ may/must/can + v.表示对现在事实的推测。对过去事实的推测用情态动词+ have + done这种结构。‎ ‎--Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?‎ ‎--She ____ in the classroom. I saw her there just now.‎ A. shall be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been ‎20. replace ‎(1)代替，取代 replace sth./sb. ‎ replace sth./sb. with/by ‎(2)替换 ‎(3)把……放回原处 take the place of sb./sth. = replace sb./sth.‎ take one’s place = take one’s seat in place of instead of ‎21. compete compete with/against sb. for sth.因……而与某人竞争 compete in sth.参加比萨（或竞争）‎ in competition with 与……竞争 ‎22.high 辨析：‎ 易混词 辨析 例句 high 用作形容词或副词，指具体高矮程度的“高”。‎ The player can jump really high, so we all speak highly of him.‎ highly 只用作副词，相当于“very much”，指很高程度，表抽象意义。‎ 用法类似的副词还有：‎ wide, widely; deep, deeply; close, closely ‎23.swift ‎(1)迅速发生；马上做出的，迅速的 ‎(2)速度快的；敏捷的；矫健的 辨析：‎ 易混词 辨析 例句 fast ‎“快的，迅速的，敏捷的”，尤用于指告诉运动的人或事物。‎ He is the fastest runner in 2008.‎ rapid ‎“短时间发生的；快速的，快捷的”，常用于描述事物变化的速度，而非运动或完成的速度。‎ The disease is spreading at a rapid rate.‎ quick 常用以描述迅速或立刻完成的事 Be quick!‎ swift 通常用以描述事物发生或完成的速度“快而迅疾”。‎ The government took swift action.‎ ‎24. similarity similarity between A and B similarity to sb./sth.‎ similarity in sth.‎ be similar to sb. be similar in sth.‎ ‎25. put forward ‎(1)推荐，举荐 e.g. He put me forward for monitor.‎ ‎(2)提出，提议；建议 ‎(3)将……提前 ‎(4)向前拨快（时钟指针）‎ put away put down put in put off put on put up put up with ‎26.bargain into the bargain=as well另外，而且，也 bargain with sb. over/about/for sth.就某物与某人讨价还价 bargain sth. away做亏本交易，贱卖 bargain for/on sth.（常用于否定句中）预想到，预料到 make a bargain with sb. about sth.与某人就……达成协议 strike a bargain with sb.与……成交 ‎27.run against ‎(1)和……赛跑 ‎(2)竞选 ‎(3)撞到，碰着 e.g. Lost in thought, he ran against a lamp-post.‎ run across无意间碰到 run at攻击，向……冲去 run for竞选 run out (of)（某物）用完 run over溢出，轧过 run short (of)缺（某物），快用完（某物）了 run after追赶；追求 run away走掉，跑掉 run into无意间碰上；撞上 ‎28.hear of 辨析：‎ 易混短语（词）‎ 辨析 例句 hear ‎“听见，听到”，指声音入耳；“听说”，后接从句 I heard that he had a fever.‎ hear about ‎“听到，听说”，听到关于是某人或某事物的详情。（后跟事物。）‎ Did you hear about the party?‎ hear of ‎“听到，听说”，只表示听说从而知道某人或某物的客观存在。（后可跟事物或人）‎ I have heard of him, but I don’t know about him.‎ hear from ‎“收到某人的来信”，from后接人而非信件。‎ I heard from him since he was sperated.‎ ‎29.amazed be amazed at sth./to do sth./that…‎ ‎30.pick up ‎(1)捡起；拾起；抬起 ‎(2)（用车）去接某人 ‎(3)收拾，收取 ‎(4)获得，（偶然）学会 e.g. You can pick up Chinese easily if you live in China.‎ ‎(5)（车辆）中途搭人或接货 ‎(6)收听到；接收 e.g. We picked up signals for the exam.‎ ‎(7)买到某物（尤指廉价地或幸运地）‎ e.g. She picked up some fine dresses on sale.‎ ‎(8)使增加；加快 e.g. The car is picking up speed.‎ ‎(9)恢复（健康、体力）等 pick and choose挑拣，精挑细选 pick one’s brains讨价，请教 pick holes in sth.挑毛病 pick up pieces（使）恢复，补救，收拾残局 pick sth. off去除，剪除 pick on sb.（跟某人）找别扭，故意刁难别人；选中 pick sth. out精挑细选；辨别出 ‎31.pain on/under pain of sth.违犯规则受到某种惩罚 a pain in the neck及其讨厌的人（或物）‎ at (the) pains尽力，用心，下苦力 bear/endure/under pain忍受痛苦 spare no pains不遗余力，全力以赴 take pains尽力，费苦心，耐心 单复数不同，意义不同的词：‎ 单词 单数意义 复数意义 condition 状况，状态 环境，形势 custom 习惯，风俗 海关；关税 arm 手臂 武器 force 力量，势力 军队，兵力 horizon 地平线 眼界，见识 sand 沙子 沙滩，沙地 pain 疼痛 辛苦 ‎32. one after another one after another一个接一个地（强调连续性）‎ ‎ one by one一个一个地（强调一次一个）‎