高中英语Working the land-Learning about Language同步学案 7页

Period Two　Learning about Language v．ing形式作主语和宾语 动词的ing形式既是现在分词形式，也是动名词形式。作为动名词，它具有动词的基本性质，因而可以有状语修饰它，及物动词的动名词还应有宾语，从而构成动名词短语；它也具有名词的基本性质，因而在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。‎ 一、动名词形式作主语 ‎1．v.ing形式直接作主语，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，在口语中也可以表示具体的动作，通常直接置于句首。‎ Reading‎ aloud is a good way in learning languages.‎ 大声朗读是学习语言的一个好办法。‎ Wasting a person’s time is the same as killing him for his property.‎ 浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。‎ ‎2．it作形式主语，v.ing形式放在其后。‎ It is no use crying over spilt milk.‎ 覆水难收。‎ It is no good learning without practice.‎ 只学习而不实践是不好的。‎ It is a waste of time arguing about it.‎ 争辩此事是浪费时间。‎ It is worthwhile making the experiment.‎ 做这个实验是值得的。‎ ‎3．在“There be＋v.ing形式”结构中作主语。‎ There is no joking about such matters.‎ 这种事开不得玩笑。‎ There is no point doing such a silly thing.‎ 做这件傻事毫无意义。‎ 二、动名词形式作宾语 ‎1．v.ing形式作动词的宾语。可接动名词作宾语的动词有enjoy，include，excuse，practise，advise，suggest，mind，delay，forbid，keep，consider，miss，finish，appreciate，can’t help(禁不住)，risk，admit，imagine等。‎ Mary is considering changing her job.‎ 玛丽正在考虑换工作。‎ Xiao Wu suggests spending the evening with the workers.‎ 小吴提议今晚和工人们一起过。‎ He admitted making a serious mistake.‎ 他承认犯了一个严重错误。‎ Can you imagine living alone on a wild island?‎ 你能想像单独生活在一个荒凉野岛上是什么样子吗？‎ ‎2．在下面的短语中，动名词常用作介词的宾语：be good at，dream of，care about，devote...to，be concerned about，look forward to，be interested in，be used to，feel like，insist on，object to，think of，give up，aim at，put off，set about，stick to，apply to，succeed in...，owing to，pay attention to等。‎ I have never dreamed of visiting that place.‎ 我从未幻想过要参观那个地方。‎ I feel like going to the movie this evening.‎ 今晚我想去看电影。‎ I’ve been looking forward to hearing from you.‎ 我一直盼望着能收到你的来信。‎ ‎3．既可接v.ing，又可接动词不定式作宾语，意义差别不大的有：hate，like，prefer，attempt，begin，start，continue，intend等。‎ Price will continue to rise/rising.‎ 物价将持续上涨。‎ What do you intend to do/doing next?‎ 你下一步打算做什么？‎ ‎4．接v.ing形式和动词不定式作宾语，但意义差别较大的词或词组有：‎ I remember to mail the letter but forget buying the stamp.‎ 我记得去寄信可忘了已买邮票了。‎ Please stop working and have a rest.‎ 请停下工作，休息一下。‎ ‎5．下列动词可接v.ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。‎ need/want/require/deserve doing(＝need/want/require/deserve to be done)‎ This small room needs painting.(＝This small room needs to be painted)．‎ 这个小房间需要粉刷了。‎ The sick woman required examining.(＝The sick woman required to be examined.)‎ 这位生病的妇女需要接受检查。‎ 三、动名词的复合结构 ‎1．带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词前加物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词的复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。‎ Her coming to help encouraged all of us.‎ 她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。‎ Mary’s coming late made her teacher angry.‎ 玛丽迟到使她的老师很生气。‎ Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble.‎ 简这么粗心惹来了不少麻烦。‎ What’s troubling them is their not having enough food.‎ 困扰他们的问题是食物不足。‎ ‎2．在口语中，如果动名词的复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。‎ Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?‎ 你能想像他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗？‎ The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college.‎ 爸爸坚持要求儿子上大学。‎ Mary’s(不可用Mary)being ill made her mother upset.‎ 玛丽病了，这使她妈妈很着急。‎ His(不可用Him)smoking made his family angry.‎ 他抽烟，这使他家人非常生气。‎ ‎3．如果动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的事物或是有生命名词但表示泛指意义时，则要用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格。‎ The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.‎ 这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒了。‎ The sound of desks being opened and closed could be heard out in the street.‎ 书桌的开关声在街上都能听到。‎ Have you ever heard of women practising boxing?‎ 你听说过妇女练拳击吗？‎ ‎4．there be的动名词的复合结构为there being。‎ What’s the chance of there being a storm tomorrow?‎ 明天有暴风雨的可能性有多大？‎ 四、动名词的时态和语态 动名词的时态和语态如下表所示：‎ ‎ 语态 时态　　　‎ 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 其否定形式是在doing前加not ‎1.动名词的一般式表示的动作通常是一般性的，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。‎ I hate talking with such people.‎ 我讨厌与这样的人说话。‎ She dreams of becoming a teacher.‎ 她梦想成为一名教师。‎ She enjoys playing the piano.‎ 她喜欢弹钢琴。‎ ‎2．动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。‎ I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal.‎ 我很高兴你能获得一枚奖牌。‎ He was praised for having done a good deed.‎ 他因做了好事而受到表扬。‎ 注意　有些动词如admit，forget，remember，deny，apologize，regret，thank等以及介词after等后面的动名词可用一般式表达完成式的意义。‎ I forgot meeting her(＝having met her) in the park.‎ 我忘记了曾在公园里见过她。‎ After reading your letter，I realized I had misunderstood you.在读了你的信之后，我才意识 到我误解了你。‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．This story is not suitable (合适的)for young children.‎ ‎2．In an invoice the amount (数量)of money should be written both in words and in figures.‎ ‎3．Most people prefer organic (有机的)vegetables.‎ ‎4．He tried to rid (摆脱)himself of debts.‎ ‎5．He is developing (发展)into a good soldier.‎ ‎6．The human being struggles (斗争)with his environment.‎ ‎7．Rumours began to circulate (传播)about his financial problems.‎ ‎8．He equipped (装备)himself for a long journey.‎ ‎9．The blood exports waste products from the tissues.‎ ‎10．Grain is used for making flour.‎ Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 ‎1．All the boys are looking forward to going (go) forward to_feed (feed) the animals.‎ ‎2．The bird was lucky and it just missed being_caught (catch)．‎ ‎3．I always prefer to_start (start) early rather than leave (leave) everything to the last minute.‎ ‎4．Walking (walk) is a good form of exercise for both men and women.‎ ‎5．While shopping women sometimes can’t help being_persuaded (persuade) into buying more clothes than necessary.‎ ‎6．—What made Jane so upset?‎ ‎—Losing (lose) the ring her husband bought her for her birthday.‎ ‎7．Once your business becomes international，flying (fly) constantly will be part of your life.‎ ‎8．Do you think it of any use arguing (argue) with him any more？We are wasting our time trying (try) to persuade him to give up the idea.‎ ‎9．Finding (find) a job in such a big company has always been beyond his wildest dream.‎ ‎10．—Maybe you’ve forgotten to_post (post) my letter.‎ ‎—How could I？I remember putting (put) it into the letter box.‎ Ⅲ.短文填空 I used to like to go to our local cinema.It was old and rather uncomfortable，but it was special.Now they’ve stopped 1.showing (show) films there.The owner would like to go on 2.running (run) the cinema，but he couldn’t afford 3.to_make (make) a lot of improvements，which would mean 4.spending (spend) tens of thousands of pounds.I remember 5.watching (watch) the last film at the cinema.It was a murder mystery.It was five minutes before the end，and we were trying 6.to_work (work) out who was the murderer when suddenly all the lights went out and the film stopped.We sat in the dark for a few minutes，and then the owner appeared with a torch.“I regret 7.to_tell (tell) you”，he said.“that our electricity has failed.I don’t mean 8.to_disappoint (disappoint) you，but I’m afraid we can’t show you the end of the film.We’ve tried 9.phoning (phone) the electricity company，but they say they can’t help.”He went on 10.to_explain (explain) to the audience how the film ended.I didn’t understand the story.But I don’t regret 11.going (go) to the cinema on that last evening.‎ Ⅳ.句型转换 ‎1．Would you mind if I stay away from the conference?‎ Would you mind my/me staying away from the conference?‎ ‎2．Alice was ill，which made her mother worried a lot.‎ Alice‎’s being ill made her mother worried a lot.‎ ‎3．It was very slow to drive to the office this morning because of the traffic.‎ Driving to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic.‎ ‎4．I prefer him to paint the door blue.‎ I prefer that he paint the door blue.‎ ‎5．You must do it well whatever you do.‎ You must do it well no matter what you do.‎ ‎6．Dr. Yuan would work the land than do research in a big city.‎ Dr. Yuan would work the land rather than do research in a big city.‎ ‎7．Jane Goodall decided to live in Gombe‎ ‎National Park so as to make a deep study of the chimp.‎ Jane Goodall decided to live in Gombe‎ ‎National Park so that she could make a deep study of the chimp.‎ ‎8．That Sunday the student came to the professor，hoping to get some advice from him.‎ That Sunday the student came to the professor with the hope of getting some advice from him.‎ Ⅴ.完成句子 ‎1．Dr. Yuan Longping is_still_working_his_land (仍然在耕着田地) and doing his research into hybrid rice.‎ ‎2．She struggled_along_the_road (在公路上挣扎) to her home.‎ ‎3．As time goes，Dr. Yuan is_getting/becoming_more_and_more_famous (变得越来越著名)．‎ ‎4．China can produce much more rice than before thanks_to/because_of_Yuan_Longping’s_‎ contributions (由于袁隆平的贡献)．‎ ‎5．Now many people are_living_a_happy_and_comfortable_life (过着幸福而舒适的生活)．‎ ‎6．If you don’t work hard，you won’t get what_you_wish_for/hope_for (你希望得到的)．‎ ‎7．Wuxi is_rich_in_fish_and_rice (鱼米之乡)．‎ ‎8．He kept_the_table_free_from_dirt (使餐桌不蒙上灰尘) by putting a cover over it.‎ Ⅵ.单项填空　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎1．I know he didn’t listen to me，but I went on ________ to get him ________ in the project.‎ A．to hope；interesting B．to hope；interested C．hoping；interested D．hoping；interesting 答案　C 解析　go on doing sth.继续做某事；get sb. interested in...使得某人对……感兴趣，interested用以修饰人。‎ ‎2．Seeing the funny scene，I can’t help ________.‎ A．laugh B．to laugh C．laughing D．laughed 答案　C 解析　can’t help doing禁不住干某事。can’t help (to) do不能帮助干某事，由题意可知应选C。‎ ‎3．We look forward every spring to ________ the flowerlined garden.‎ A．walking in B．walk in C．visit D．paying a visit 答案　A 解析　look forward to盼望……，期盼……，其中的to为介词，后跟动名词(短语)作宾语。D项虽为doing形式，但是visit后应加介词to。‎ ‎4．The girl said that she had never dreamt of ________ a volunteer.‎ A．be B．to be C．being D．is 答案　C 解析　dream of梦想；向往，介词of后应跟v.ing形式作宾语。‎ ‎5．________，I failed in the driving test.‎ A．To my joy B．To my sad C．To my happy D．To my regret 答案　D 解析　to one’s＋n.结构表“令某人……的是”，B、C本身形式不对，另由题意可知D为正确选项。‎ ‎6．—I hear Johnson was badly injured in the earthquake.‎ ‎—________，let’s go and see him.‎ A．What’s more B．If so C．Where possible D．When necessary 答案　B 解析　what’s more而且，更有甚者；where possible有可能的地方；when necessary有必要的时候；if so如果那样的话，表示如果前面的情况是真的。由答语的后半句可知是要去看他，所以应选B，表示Johnson如果在地震中真的受了重伤的话。‎ ‎7．I have to go to work on foot，for my bike needs ________.‎ A．repair B．to repair C．repairing D．being repaired 答案　C 解析　need作“需要”讲时，后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。类似用法的词还有want，require等。‎ ‎8．________ with the pay，the young man decided to change his job.‎ A．Being not satisfied B．Not being satisfied C．Not satisfying D．Not satisfied 答案　D 解析　形容词化了的过去分词作原因状语。句意为：由于对报酬不满意，那位年轻人决定换工作。‎ ‎9．I wouldn’t advise ________ there by bus，because it is too crowded.‎ A．go B．to go C．to going D．going 答案　D 解析　advise后的动词用doing。‎ ‎10．In England as early as the ________ century young people enjoyed ________ soccer.‎ A．twelfth；playing B．twelveth；playing C．twelfth；to play D．twelveth；to play 答案　A 解析　twelve的序数词是twelfth。enjoy后的动词用动名词形式。‎ ‎11．—What makes him so happy?‎ ‎—________ a prize in the computer contest.‎ A．Because of winning B．For he won C．Winning D．He won 答案　C 解析　回答what用动名词，作省略句的主语。‎ ‎12．Do you remember ________ a ruler from Betty？Don’t forget ________ it to her tomorrow.‎ A．borrowing；to return B．borrowing；returning C．to borrow；to return D．to borrow；returning 答案　A 解析　第一空填borrowing，表示“你还记得从Betty那里借过一把尺子吗？”；第二空填to return，表示“别忘了明天还给她。”。‎ ‎13．—By the way，when did you get your room ________？‎ ‎—Last year.‎ A．painting B．painted C．to paint D．to be painted 答案　B 解析　get sth. done的搭配。‎ Ⅶ.阅读理解 The agriculture revolution in the nineteenth century involved two things：the invention of laboursaving machinery and the development of scientific agriculture.Laboursaving machinery naturally appeared first where labour was scarce：“In Europe，”said Thomas Jefferson，“the object is to take the most of their land，labour being more than enough；here it is to make the most of our labor，land being more than enough.”It was in the United States，therefore，that the great advance in the nineteenth century agriculture machinery first came.‎ At the opening of the century，with the exception of a crude plow，farmers could have carried practically all of the existing agricultural tools on their backs；by 1860，most of the machinery in use today had been designed in an early form.The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow.As early as 1790 Charles Newbold of New Jersey had been working on the idea of a castiron plow and spent his entire fortune in introducing his invention.The farmers，however，were not interested in it，claiming that the iron poisoned the soil and weeds grew.Nevertheless，many people developed their attention to the plow，until 1869 James Oliver of South Bend，India，turned out the first chilledsteel plow.‎ ‎1．What is the main topic of the passage?‎ A．The need for an agriculture advance to help to feed a growing population.‎ B．The development of a saver machinery demanded by the labor movement.‎ C．Machinery that contributed to the agriculture revolution.‎ D．New Jersey as a leader in the agriculture revolution.‎ 答案　C 解析　文章主要讲的是农业机械对农业的促进作用。‎ ‎2．Which of the following can be inferred from what Thomas Jefferson said in the first paragraph?‎ A．Europe was changing more quickly than the United States.‎ B．Europe had greater need of farm machinery than the United States did.‎ C．The United States was finally running out of good farmland.‎ D．There was a shortage of workers on the United States’ farms.‎ 答案　D 解析　在欧洲，人多地少；然而在美国，人少地多。‎ ‎3．Why did the farmers reject Newbold’s plow?‎ A．Their horses were frightened by it.‎ B．They preferred lighter tools.‎ C．It was too expensive.‎ D．They thought it would ruin the land.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。从最后一段倒数第二句可以找到相关依据。‎ ‎4．Which of the following inventions came first?‎ A．The chilledsteel plow. B．The castiron plow.‎ C．The iron plow. D．The crude plow.‎ 答案　D 解析　农业铁犁的诞生顺序应为：原始犁——铁犁——铸铁犁——淬钢犁。‎ Ⅷ.阅读填空 ‎__1__They decorate (装饰) the walls of homes and are used in stores for sales of different goods.The news is filled with pictures of fires, floods, and special events.Photos record the beauties of nature.They can also bring things close that are far away.Through photos, people can see wild animals, cities in foreign lands, and even the stars in outer space.‎ ‎__2__ Reporting the news through photos is called photojournalism.At times photojournalists tell their stories through a single picture.At other times, they use a group of pictures to tell a story.Each picture is like a chapter in a book, which can do more than record the facts.‎ ‎__3__ Jacob Riis was among the first photojournalists.He took pictures of parts of New York City where the poor lived.Riis believed that poverty (贫穷) caused crime, and he used photos to help him prove his point.A few years later, the photos of small children working in factories by Lewis Hine shocked the public.Hine’s pictures helped bring about laws to protect such children.‎ Hundreds of pictures may have to be taken in order to get one or two really good photos.It takes science to have the photo come out clearly and art to make a photo that has a good design and expresses feeling.Photojournalists make an actual record of what they see.__4__ It can record an important event as a beautiful or exciting picture.‎ ‎__5__Today photojournalists still have their pictures appear in newspapers and magazines.They also publish (发表) them in books and on the Internet.‎ A．It can also be a strong force for social change.‎ B．Photos help people improve.‎ C．A photo, however, can be both a work of art and an actual record.‎ D．Photos are also works of art.‎ E．Photos also tell stories.‎ F．Photographs are everywhere.‎ G．As historical and artistic documents (文献), photos can become more important over time.‎ 答案　1.F　2.E　3.A　4.C　5.G