高考英语一轮复习Module5ALessoninaLab课后达标检测外研版必修1 7页

Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab ‎ (建议用时：35分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·陕西摸底检测) In the story of The Crow and the Pitcher from Aesop’s Fables, a thirsty crow(乌鸦) drops stones into a narrow jar to raise the low level of water inside so he can take a drink.‎ Now scientists have evidence to back up that story. Crows actually do understand how to make water displacement(排水量) work to their advantage, experiments show. The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as firstgraders.‎ Researchers, led by Sarah Jelbert at the University of Cambridge, presented six crows with tubes containing water. Inside the tubes, a worm or a piece of meat on a piece of wood was floating, just out of reach of the crows. In front of the tubes, the researchers arranged several rubber erasers that would sink, and some plastic objects that would float. The crows found out that they could drop the erasers into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack.‎ However, the__birds__handled__awkwardly in experiments in which they could choose to drop objects in either a wide tube or a narrow one to get a snack, the researchers said. Dropping objects into a narrow tube would lift the water level by a greater amount and put the treat within reach after just two drops; while it took around seven drops to raise the snack to the same level in the wide tube. The crows obviously didn’t realize this, and most of them went for the wide tube first.‎ Previous studies showed that chimps and human children can solve similar tasks. In a 2011 study, chimps and kids found out that they could put water into a tube to reach a peanut that was floating in a small amount of water at the bottom.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了科学家通过实验对乌鸦智商进行的研究。‎ ‎1．How did the crows get the snack in Sarah’s experiment?‎ A．By breaking the tube.‎ B．By dropping in erasers.‎ 7‎ C．By standing on the wood.‎ D．By removing the wood.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The crows found out that they could drop the erasers into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack.”可知，乌鸦能够把橡皮擦扔到管里，使水位升高，然后吃到零食。所以选B项。‎ ‎2．What does the author mean by “the birds handled awkwardly” in Paragraph 4?‎ A．They were unable to tell different shapes.‎ B．They dropped objects only into narrow tubes.‎ C．They were not aware of the snack at first sight.‎ D．They mostly avoided the easier way to get the snack.‎ D　解析：推理判断题。从第四段可知，实验中的乌鸦在面对粗细不同的管子时，虽然只需往细管里投两次物体就可以够到零食，而需往粗管里投大约七次物体才能够到零食，但是乌鸦往往先去粗管那边，而没有选择更容易获得零食的细管。由此可推知，画线部分是说它们通常没有选择更容易的方式得到零食。‎ ‎3．What does the text mainly focus on?‎ A．Stories of Aesop’s Fables.‎ B．The development of crows.‎ C．Crows’ intelligence.‎ D．Humananimal communication.‎ C　解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句“The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as firstgraders.”以及下文中的实验可知，整篇文章都是围绕乌鸦的智商问题来展开的。‎ ‎4．What do we know about crows in the passage?‎ A．Crows are almost as clever as firstgraders in some respects.‎ B．Crows understand water displacement completely.‎ C．Chimps and children are much smarter than crows.‎ D．The story of The Crow and the Pitcher lacks evidence.‎ A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as firstgraders.”可知，乌鸦在一些方面几乎跟一年级学生一样聪明。‎ B ‎(2020·潍坊统一考试)Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten. Some curl up their leaves,‎ 7‎ ‎ others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack. New research now shows that some flora can feel a planteating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive(先发制人的) defense that even works against other pest species.‎ When ecologist John Orrock of the University of WisconsinMadison sprayed snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased their levels of an enzyme(酶), which is known to prevent planteating animals. “None of the plants were ever actually attacked，” Orrock says. “We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”‎ Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat. The investigators found that hungry caterpillars(毛虫), which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance. This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival, says Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia.‎ The finding that a snail’s approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study. “It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such farranging effects，” Karban says. “The research was comprehensive，” he adds, “but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.”‎ ‎“That’s the milliondollar question，” Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了一项新的科学研究。研究表明植物会对外在威胁相当警觉，会自动作出反应进行自我保护。‎ ‎5．John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to ________．‎ A．make them grow better B．give them a warning C．keep planteating animals away D．inform planteating animals of danger 7‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”可推知，John Orrock在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒液体的目的是给予植物一种警告，让它们能够产生自我保护性反应，且其与第三段第一句中的“his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat”呼应，故选B。‎ ‎6．Why is the example of caterpillars mentioned in Paragraph 3?‎ A．To introduce another animal.‎ B．To confirm the result of the study.‎ C．To appeal to people to protect animals.‎ D．To analyze different resistance chemicals.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails；in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat.”可推知，文章中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证研究的结果，故选B。‎ ‎7．What does Richard Karban really want to know?‎ A．How tomato plants become aware of danger.‎ B．What the chemicals in the snail slime are.‎ C．Whether the research is of practical value.‎ D．What the finding of the research is.‎ A　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“‘The research was comprehensive，’he adds，‘but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.’”，并结合对最后一段的整体理解可推知，Richard Karban实际上想了解的是西红柿植株是如何意识到危险的，故选A。‎ ‎8．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．Watchful Plants　　　　　 B．Greedy Animals C．A Snail’s Approach D．A Defense Attack A　解析：标题归纳题。根据文章中的关键词plant，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述的是有关植物的科学研究，研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保护性反应，故选A。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2020·昆明诊断测试)I received 3 missed calls from a number I didn’t recognize today. I __1__ it was something to do with an accident I had recently. I was ready to answer __2__ when the number called a 4th time. __3__， I was asked if I was Jessica and if I had __4__ anything. I said I didn’t think so and __5__ who it was.‎ 7‎ It was a man called Darren who __6__ he was behind me in the shop this morning. As I was leaving, my purse __7__. He picked it up and __8__ to see where I had gone but he couldn’t see me any more. So he opened my purse and called the __9__ inside it.‎ I have just been to __10__ him to get my purse back, only to find out Darren is __11__ and lives rough in the streets of Cardiff. He even apologized as he said he had taken out some __12__ to call me to return my purse. But __13__ a few pounds used to contact me, everything was all still __14__. I admit that I wouldn’t have blamed him if he’d spent more of the __15__．‎ I felt __16__ that someone returned it, and that the person who returned it was someone who had __17__. It made me __18__ not only was I lucky that my purse was found by someone __19__， but that I was going to a warm home.‎ The __20__ would be a much better place with more kind people like Darren in it.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文通过作者的钱包失而复得的故事告诉我们：只要人人都能够善良对待他人，我们的世界将会变成更加美好的地方。‎ ‎1．A.assumed　　　　　　　 B．promised C．declared D．agreed A　解析：根据语境可知，作者有三个来自同一号码的未接来电，作者认为(assumed)这和自己最近的一起事故有关。promise “许诺”；declare “宣布”；agree “同意”。‎ ‎2．A.gently B．gratefully C．humorously D．eagerly D　解析：根据上文“I ______ it was something to do with an accident I had recently.”可推知，作者渴望(eagerly)去接这通电话。gently“温和地”；gratefully “感激地”；humorously “幽默地”。‎ ‎3．A.Often B．Instead C．Still D．Besides B　解析：根据上文可知，作者认为那通电话和自己的一起事故有关，但是接通电话后才知道并非如此。此处前后表示转折，故Instead “相反”符合语境。‎ ‎4．A.explored B．bought C．lost D．checked C　解析：根据第二段和第三段的描述可推知，Darren捡到了作者的钱包，因此他打电话问作者是否丢了(lost)什么东西。‎ ‎5．A.forgot B．remembered 7‎ C．suspected D．asked D　解析：根据语境可知，作者接电话时并不知道打电话的人是谁，因此作者问(asked)对方是谁。forget “忘记”；remember “记得”；suspect “怀疑”。‎ ‎6．A.explained B．requested C．repeated D．believed A　解析：根据语境可推知，Darren向作者解释(explained)了事情的经过。‎ ‎7．A.broke B．failed C．dropped D．disappeared C　解析：根据语境可知，作者离开商店的时候钱包掉在(dropped)地上了。‎ ‎8．A.walked away B．looked around C．turned up D．got through B　解析：根据语境并结合常识可推知，Darren环顾(looked around)四周寻找作者。‎ ‎9．A.card B．address C．bill D．number D　解析：根据语境可知，Darren找不到作者，于是打开作者的钱包，拨打了里面的号码(number)。‎ ‎10．A.meet B．question C．beg D．remind A　解析：根据语境可知，通过电话后，作者去见(meet)Darren以拿回自己的钱包。‎ ‎11．A.hopeful B．helpful C．homeless D．speechless C　解析：根据本句中的“lives rough in the streets of Cardiff”可推知，Darren是一个无家可归的(homeless)人。‎ ‎12．A.pictures B．change C．tickets D．jewelry B　解析：根据上文可推知，Darren很穷，他不得不从作者的钱包里拿出一些零钱(change)给作者打电话。‎ ‎13．A.in spite of B．in terms of C．owing to D．apart from D　解析：根据语境及该句中的“But”可推知，Darren除了(apart from)从作者的钱包里拿出几英镑和作者联系外，其余的东西都没动(untouched)。‎ ‎14．A.untouched B．unlimited C．classified D．consumed A　解析：参见上题解析。untouched “原封未动的”符合语境。‎ 7‎ ‎15．A.time B．effort C．cash D．energy C　解析：作者承认，即使Darren从自己的钱包里多拿一些现金(cash)，作者也不会责怪他。‎ ‎16．A.embarrassed B．surprised C．worried D．relaxed B　解析：作者的钱包丢了，有人捡到并归还给作者，而且这个人一无所有(nothing)，这让作者感到惊讶(surprised)。‎ ‎17．A.everything B．something C．anything D．nothing D　解析：参见上题解析。nothing “没有什么”符合语境。‎ ‎18．A.realize B．consider C．recall D．imagine A　解析：根据语境可知，这件事让作者意识到(realize)自己是幸运的，因为自己丢失的钱包被一个诚实的(honest)人捡到，并且作者将回到一个温暖的家。‎ ‎19．A.familiar B．polite C．honest D．wise C　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎20．A.shop B．world C．environment D．street B　解析：根据语境可知，如果这个世界有更多像Darren这样善良的人存在的话，这个世界(world)将会是一个更加美好的地方。‎ 7‎