2017届高考英语（外研版）一轮教师文档讲义：专题一有提示词填空-第五讲-非谓语动词 16页

第五讲　非谓语动词 ‎1．[2015·福建高考]________ (learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.‎ 答案：To learn　根据句式分析，该题有一个谓语，且无连词，故应填非谓语，根据句意可知此处表目的，故填To learn。‎ ‎2．[2015·江苏高考]Much time ________ (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.‎ 答案：spent　根据句式分析，该题只有一个谓语，且无连词，尽管前半句很长，但也应填非谓语，“spend”与“much time”之间为被动关系，故填过去分词spent。‎ ‎3．[2015·天津高考]________ (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.‎ 答案：Having worked　根据句子结构，此处为非谓语动词作状语结构，句子主语“Steve”为“work”的逻辑主语，两者为主动关系，且“work”表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式，即Having worked。‎ ‎4．[2015·安徽高考]________ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.‎ 答案：Ignoring　该句中的谓语是“will be”，而其前的部分应为句子的主语，因此此题考查动名词作主语结构，“ignore”与谓语动词之间没有明显的前后顺序，故填Ignoring。‎ ‎5．[2015·陕西高考]Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa, Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother________ (take) good care of at home.‎ 答案：taken　考查“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构，其中“take”与“his mother”之间为被动关系，故应填taken。‎ ‎6．[2015·重庆高考]________(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.‎ 答案：Raised　分析句式可以看出，该题考查非谓语动词作状语结构，raise的逻辑主语是句子主语he，两者之间为被动关系，故填Raised。‎ ‎7．[2014·湖南高考]Children, when ________ (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.‎ 答案：accompanied'本题考查非谓语动词作状语。主语“children”与“accompany”之间为逻辑上的被动关系。“when accompanied by their parents”相当于when children are accompanied by their parents，故答案为accompanied。句意：当孩子被其父母陪伴时，他们才被允许进入这个运动场。‎ ‎8．[2014·天津高考]Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only ________ (find) it didn't fit.‎ 答案：to find　本题考查非谓语动词作状语。根据语境可知，此处考查“only＋动词不定式”表示出乎意料的结果。所以答案为to find。句意：她急切地从袋子里取出那条连衣裙试穿了一下，结果发现它不合身。‎ ‎9．[2014·北京高考]The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ________ (recognize)．‎ 答案：being recognized'本题考查非谓语动词。“without”为介词，后接动词的动名词形式，“recognize”与“he”为逻辑上的被动关系，故答案为being recognized。句意：那个电影明星戴着太阳镜，因此，他可以在不被认出的情况下去购物。‎ ‎10．[2014·北京高考]There are still many problems ________ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.‎ 答案：to be solved'本题考查非谓语动词作定语。根据句意可知“这些问题还未解决”，“to be solved”既表被动又表示将来，故答案为to be solved。句意：在我们准备好在月球上长久停留之前，仍然还有许多问题有待解决。　‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎[2014·课标全国卷Ⅱ]One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about ___41___ (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ___42___ some of them looked very anxious and ___43___ (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next ___44___ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike ___45___ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ___46___ (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept ___47___ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “___48___ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It's ___49___ (I)．” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers ___50___ (sudden) became friendly to one another.‎ Step 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。‎ 本文讲述的是一件小事改变了人们对彼此的态度。‎ Step 2：逐题解答，确定答案。‎ ‎41．being。“worried about”表示担忧，介词后面应该跟名词或动名词。‎ ‎42．and。空前为句子，空后亦是句子，由此判断中间需填连词。‎ ‎43．disappointed。and连接两个并列的成分，前面anxious为形容词可知答案。disappoint的形容词有两个，应填disappointed，修饰人。‎ ‎44．to。根据语义此处应为固定短语表示“紧挨着窗户”。‎ ‎45．caught。此处所在的句子中没出现谓语，故应填动词的时态，根据全篇时态，故可知答案。‎ ‎46．to_stop。refuse后面应跟动词的不定式。‎ ‎47．riding。keep后面应该跟动词的ing形式作宾语。‎ ‎48．Did。根据句式结构此处应填助动词，根据语境可知答案。‎ ‎49．me/mine。根据上文中的问题，此处填代词的宾格或名词性物主代词作表语。‎ ‎50．suddenly。根据结构可知，此处修饰动词became，应用副词。‎ Step 3：代入验证。‎ 需考虑语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，语法结合语义才能确保万无一失。‎ 知识 清单 ‎(1)非谓语动词的基本形式及含义；(2)非谓语动词作定语的结构及用法；(3)非谓语动词作宾补的结构及用法；(4)非谓语动词作状语的结构及用法；(5)非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语的用法；(6)非谓语动词使用中存在的问题分析。‎ 学情 分析 考生对非谓语动词的学习存在以下问题：(1)句子结构不清，造成谓语与非谓语分辨不清；(2)受汉语影响，某些汉语理解与英语动词形式不一致时，出现很多错误，如satisfied，理解为主动意义，但其形式表示被动含义；(3)解题时，思路混乱，不按解题思路去做，导致错误频出。‎ 非谓语动词不同形式的构成及含义如图表：‎ 注意：(1)having been done与done作状语时没有明显区别，可以互换，但having been done不能作定语和宾补，强调时间先后。 (2)不及物动词的过去分词，只表示完成，不表示被动，如，fallen leaves落叶。 (3)有时过去分词只表示被动而不强调时间性。‎ ‎①The boy was running along the street, followed by a dog.‎ 这个男孩正在街道上跑，后面跟着一只狗。‎ ‎②Having eaten at the Cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat there again.‎ Tina以前在这个自助餐厅吃过以后，再也不想去那儿吃了。‎ 考点一　非谓语动词作定语 ‎1不定式作定语 不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。‎ ‎(1)常被不定式修饰的名词有：chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity等，常表同位关系。‎ ‎①He had no chance to go to school before liberation.(同位关系)‎ 解放前他没有上学的机会。‎ ‎②Do you have the ability to read and write in English.(同位关系)‎ 你有英语读写的能力吗？‎ ‎(2)由序数词修饰，再被非谓语修饰时，一般用不定式作定语，表逻辑上的主谓关系。‎ She likes to listen to Mr Li's lessons, so she is always the first student to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)‎ 她喜欢听李先生的课，所以她总是第一个来最后一个走的学生。‎ ‎(3)在表示有要做的事情时，通常用不定式作定语，不定式与被修饰词之间为被动关系。‎ ‎①—Do you have anything to be typed, sir?‎ ‎—No, thanks.‎ ‎——先生，你有东西要打印吗？‎ ‎——没有，谢谢。‎ ‎②There is a lot of work to do.‎ 有许多活要干。‎ 注意：(1)在该用法中，使用不定式的主动形式强调动作由句子主语发出；使用被动形式则强调动作由别人来做：(3)①中打印的动作不是句子主语you发出，故用被动形式。‎ ‎　　(2)若不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则要在该动词后加适当的介词。如：‎ I have no pen to write with.‎ 我没有写字用的笔。‎ ‎2动词ing形式作定语 ‎(1)动词ing形式的主动式(doing)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。‎ Recently a survey comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused a heated debate among citizens.‎ 近来一个把两个不同商场同类商品价格做一比较的调查引发了市民的激烈讨论。‎ ‎(2)动词ing形式的一般被动式(being done)作定语与所修饰名词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，表示该动作的被动和进行。‎ The houses being built are for the teachers.‎ 正在建的那些房子是给老师们的。‎ ‎(3)动词ing形式作定语相当于一个定语从句，强调经常性状态或动作的进行。单个词要前置，短语要后置。‎ John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter offering him it.(＝定语从句John...the official letter which/that offers him it.)‎ 约翰的确得到了这份工作，因为他给我看了提供他工作的正式信函。‎ ‎3动词ed形式作定语 动词ed形式(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在被动关系，并表示该动作的被动或完成。‎ ‎①Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.‎ 建于1911年的清华大学是无数杰出人物的摇篮。‎ ‎②The question discussed(＝which was discussed) yesterday is important.‎ 昨天讨论的问题是重要的。‎ 注意：作定语的不及物动词的分词形式：doing和done。doing表示正在进行；done表示已经完成。‎ boiling water 　　正在沸腾的水 boiled water 开水 developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家 ‎[典例1]　[2015·江苏扬州质检]The deal，________(complete) next week, will allow Charney to make a great fortune in the stock market.‎ ‎[解析]　to be completed　根据next week可知，“complete”将要发生，修饰“the deal”，两者构成被动关系，故填to be completed。‎ ‎[典例2]　[2015·浙江重点中学适应测试二]People tend to love agricultural products ________ (grow)without the use of fertilizers, pesticides or chemical additives.‎ ‎[解析]　grown　根据句式结构可以看出，空格作定语修饰products，“grow”与“products”之间为被动关系且已经发生，故填过去分词。‎ ‎[典例3]　[2015·安徽合肥质检一]My thanks should go to those ________ (inspire) me to go ahead and giving me support as well.‎ ‎[解析]　inspiring　考查非谓语作定语，此处inspire与those之间构成主动关系，并且与giving并列，故填inspiring。注意inspiring也可理解为形容词。‎ 考点二　非谓语动词作宾补 ‎1常见的非谓语动词作宾补的结构：“动词＋宾语＋宾补”，而在考查过程中，经常见到的一种结构是其被动结构。‎ ‎“be done to do”‎ My mother allowed me to watch TV after finishing my homework in the evening.(主动语态)‎ ‎⇒I was allowed to watch TV after finishing my homework in the evening. (被动语态)‎ 因此，在熟练掌握主动情况下，更要注意被动语态中补语的结构。‎ 常见的动词有：ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。‎ ‎2感官动词＋宾语＋宾补 感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以see为例)：‎ ‎①I heard her sing an English song just now.‎ 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动，完成)‎ ‎②I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.‎ 昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。(主动，正在进行)‎ ‎③To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.‎ 为了学好英语，我们应该找机会尽可能多地听英语。(被动，无时间性)‎ ‎3使让动词＋宾语＋宾补 ‎①He got me to post the letter for him.‎ 他让我替他寄信。‎ ‎②Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.‎ 亚历山大试图使他的工作被医学界认可。‎ ‎③The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.‎ 休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。‎ I'm sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.‎ 对不起让你久等了。‎ ‎4表示“知道”或“认为”的动词believe, consider, feel, know, think, suppose, understand, imagine等的常用结构：动词＋宾语＋to do/to have done/to be doing。‎ 以及其被动结构：主语＋be＋以上动词的过去分词＋to do/to have done/to be doing和主语＋be＋said/reported等＋to do/to have done/to be doing。其中，to do表动作发生在谓语之后；to have done表动作发生在谓语之前；to be doing表动作与谓语同时发生。‎ Leonardo da Vinci was said to have bought birds kept in the cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.‎ 据说莱昂纳多·达·芬奇为了体验/享受放飞鸟的快乐，买了被困在笼子里的鸟。‎ ‎5with复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)作状语，是用现在分词、过去分词还是动词不定式作宾语补足语，关键是看宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系。‎ ‎①With time passing by(time和pass之间为主动关系), he almost forgot everything in the past.‎ 随着时间的流逝，他几乎忘记了过去所有的事情。‎ ‎②He sat on the chair, with his hands tied(hands和tie之间为被动关系)behind his back.‎ 他坐在椅子上，双手在背后捆着。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[典例4]　[2015·陕西西工大附中二模]Do you know who our teacher will have written an article for the wall newspaper？(改错)‎ ‎[解析]　written→write　分析句子结构可以看出，该句“have”的宾语是“who”但提到前面，而宾补“write”剩在原位置，即“have who write an article”，意为“让谁写文章”。‎ ‎[典例5]　[2015·重庆一中一诊]—Jeremy Lin works extremely hard.‎ ‎—So he does. He is often seen ________ (sweat) heavily before his teammates have even arrived at practice.‎ ‎[解析]　sweating　分析句子结构可以看出该题考查的是“see＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构变为被动语态的形式，看到Jeremy Lin“正在流汗”，故用sweating作宾补，在该句中转化为主补。‎ ‎[典例6]　[2015·北京海淀区期末]The spread of the Ebola Virus in Nigeria is believed ________ (control) by August, 2014.‎ ‎[解析]　to have been controlled　根据句子结构可以看出，该题考查“主＋be＋过去分词＋to do”结构，因control已经发生且与Ebola Virus之间为被动关系，故用“不定式的完成式的被动式”。‎ ‎[典例7]　[2015·湖南郴州质检二]With a lot of homework ________ (do), I decided not to play with you.‎ ‎[解析]　to do　根据句型结构可知，该题考查with复合结构，且with含有“有”的意思，根据下文可知“do”这一动作由“I”发出，故用to do作宾补。‎ 考点三　非谓语动词作状语 ‎1不定式作状语 不定式作状语通常表示：(1)原因(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后)；(2)目的(可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首)；(3)结果(常表意想不到的结果，常为only to do)。‎ ‎①We were very excited to hear the news.(原因)‎ ‎②To get there on time I got up very early.(目的)‎ ‎③He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.(结果)‎ 注意：不定式作目的状语在句子后面时，不用逗号隔开，位于句子前时可以隔开。英语中只用不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎2现在分词作状语 现在分词的一般式即doing表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。现在分词的完成式即having done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。‎ ‎①Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.‎ 看到没人在家，她决定给他们留个条。(主动意义，非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生)‎ ‎②Having waited for an hour, he realized he had left his wallet at home.‎ 等了一个小时后，他意识到他把钱包落在了家中。(主动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前)‎ ‎③Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.‎ 我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。(被动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前)‎ ‎3过去分词作状语 ‎(1)过去分词短语作状语时可表示时间、原因、条件、伴随和结果等，也可以改为相应的从句或并列句。‎ Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.‎ ‎→If I am given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.‎ 如果身体健康，我希望今年完成这项工作。‎ 注意：在when， while， if， as if， though， as， until， once， whether， unless， where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词，形成分词短语。 When treated with kindness， he was very lovely. 当友好地对待他时，他很可爱。‎ ‎(2)部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：seated(坐着的), hidden(躲着), stationed(驻扎), lost/absorbed in(沉溺于), born in(出身于), dressed in(穿着), tired of(厌烦了), faced with(面对)以及表示使某人处于某状态的动词。如：interested, surprised, satisfied, moved等。‎ ‎①Absorbed in his book，he didn't notice me enter the room.‎ 专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。‎ ‎②Faced with a gradual rise of seawater，some nations in the Pacific are considering moving ‎ in the near future.‎ 面对海水不断上涨(的情况)，有些位于太平洋的国家正考虑未来迁移。‎ ‎4独立主格结构作状语 如果分词作状语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，须在分词前面加上它自己的主语，这种结构叫独立主格结构，其作用相当于状语从句；有时也用with复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)作状语。‎ ‎(1)名词/主格代词＋现在分词。‎ 名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。‎ The girl staring at him(＝As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say.‎ 女孩两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。‎ ‎(2)名词/主格代词＋过去分词。‎ 名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。‎ The problems solved(＝As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.‎ 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。‎ ‎(3)名词/主格代词＋不定式。‎ 名词/主格代词与不定式之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。‎ He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help.‎ 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。‎ ‎[典例8]　[2015·湖南郴州质检]________(compare) with conducting an interview by QQ online, a facetoface interview in person can provide people with more reliable details.‎ ‎[解析]　Compared　根据句子结构可知，考查非谓语作状语，逻辑主语，“a facetoface interview”与“compare”之间为被动关系，故填过去分词。该题用汉语理解会给考生错觉：“与……相比”翻译出来为主动，但英语要用过去分词。窍门：空格后有介词，可在不懂语法的情况下，填写过去分词。‎ ‎[典例9]　[2015·四川南充二诊]We all believe that the project, if ________ (carry)out according to plan，will definitely work out well.‎ ‎[解析]　carried　考查“连词＋非谓语”作状语结构，其中“carry”与“the project”为被动关系，故填carried。‎ ‎[典例10]　[2015·北京西城区一模]A new learning center has been built in the school, ________ (allow) students to get to know the world more easily.‎ ‎[解析]　allowing　根据句子结构，可知考查非谓语作状语。“allow”与句子主语之间为主动关系，故填现在分词。‎ ‎[典例11]　[2015·重庆巴蜀中学模拟一]James Smith and his girlfriend went to Chenyi Square to celebrate the New Year, never ________ (return)．‎ ‎[解析]　to return　考查不定式作结果状语。从句意中可以发现，此处表示意想不到的结果。‎ 考点四　非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语 ‎1动词不定式和动词ing形式作主语 不定式表示某一具体的，尤其是未发生的动作；动词ing形式表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首，也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式或动词ing形式置于后面，动名词用it作形式主语代替时，常用于“it is no use/good doing sth.”结构中。‎ ‎①It's not easy to learn English well.Reading as much as possible is necessary.‎ 学好英语不容易，广泛阅读是有必要的。‎ ‎②It is no good learning without practice.‎ 只学习不实践没有好处。‎ ‎③It's important for the figures to be updated regularly.‎ 对数字进行定期更新很重要。‎ ‎2动词不定式和动词ing形式可用作宾语 ‎(1)afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope, manage, promise, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish等动词后要接不定式作宾语。‎ The Smiths decided to devote all they had to setting up some hospitals for poor people.‎ 史密斯夫妇决定倾其所有为穷人建一些医院。‎ ‎(2)come, get, grow后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地……”。‎ She has a hot temper, but you will grow to like her.‎ 她脾气很急，但你会渐渐喜欢她的。‎ ‎(3)admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, risk, resist, suggest等动词后要接动词ing形式作宾语。‎ Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation.‎ 比尔建议开一个关于假期期间为世博会做些什么的会议。‎ ‎(4)can't stand, give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, look forward to, put off, devote...to, object to, be busy (in), get down to, have difficulty/trouble(in), have a good/wonderful/hard time(in), have fun等短语后要接动词ing形式作宾语。‎ I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.‎ 在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。‎ ‎(5)动词like, love, prefer, hate, continue等后接不定式或动词ing形式作宾语均可。但表示经常性的动作要用动词ing形式，表示具体的行为要用不定式。‎ I like swimming, but I don't like to swim this afternoon.‎ 我喜欢游泳，但今天下午不想去。‎ ‎(6)动词need, require, want作“需要”讲时，其后要用动词ing形式的主动语态或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此相同用法的动词还有deserve“值得”。‎ The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.‎ 窗户需要擦了。‎ ‎(7)形容词worth后要接动词ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，它不同于worthy的用法。‎ The Summer Palace is 颐和园值得一去。‎ ‎(8)介词后一般要接动词ing形式作宾语。但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，如前面有实义动词do，不定式就要省略to。‎ ‎①Upon arriving at the airport, he delivered an important speech.‎ 刚到机场，他就发表了重要演讲。‎ ‎②He has nothing to do but lie down and sleep.‎ 无事可做，他只能躺下睡觉。‎ ‎(9)动词如：find, feel, think, expect, consider, make等后可接不定式作宾语，但宾语后要接形容词或名词作宾语补足语，而且要用it作形式宾语。‎ He found it difficult to work out the problem.‎ 他发现解决这一问题很难。‎ ‎(10)可用动词ing，也可用不定式作宾语，但意义区别明显的动词：‎ 例词 后接动名词 后接不定式 remember/‎ forget/‎ regret remember/forget/regret doing动作已发生 I remember meeting him.‎ 我记得见过他。‎ I forget writing to her.‎ 我忘了给她写过信。‎ I regret telling you the bad news.我后悔告诉你这一坏消息。‎ remember/forget/regret to do动作未发生 Remember to lock the door.记住锁上门。‎ I forgot to write to her.我忘了给她写信。‎ I regret to tell you that he won't come.＝I'm sorry to tell you that he won't ‎ come.我很遗憾地告诉你他不来了。‎ try try doing 试着做 I'll try doing the work some other way.‎ 我会用另种方式做这份工作。‎ try to do 努力做 I must try to finish the work in an hour.我必须在一小时内尽力完成这份工作。‎ stop stop doing停止所干的事 After dark they stopped working.天黑后，他们停止了工作。‎ stop to do停下来做别的事 They stopped to have a rest.他们停下来休息片刻。‎ ‎①I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.‎ 我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的一切。‎ ‎②—I regret to inform you that your application has not been successful.‎ ‎—Not successful? I performed pretty well in my interview!‎ ‎——我很遗憾地通知你，你的申请没有成功。‎ ‎——没成功？在面试中我表现得很出色呀！‎ ‎3动词不定式、动词ing形式和过去分词可用作表语 ‎(1)当动词ing形式或过去分词作表语时，它们大多数是已经形容词化的动词ing形式或过去分词，而且大多数是与心理状态有联系的词。‎ ‎①The story sounds interesting.‎ 这个故事听起来有趣。‎ ‎②She is interested in the story.‎ 她对那个故事感兴趣。‎ ‎(2)表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词ing形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。‎ ‎①What she likes is watching(to watch)children play.‎ 她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。‎ ‎②My wish is to become a good teacher.‎ 我的愿望就是要当个好老师。‎ ‎[典例12]　[2015·江苏苏锡常镇四市联考]________ (have) a good command of the language of the country where you are going to study is necessary.‎ ‎[解析]　Having　根据句式结构分析可知，该题是动名词短语作主语，谓语是is，因此填having。‎ ‎[典例13]　[2016·辽宁调研]His task is ________ (accomplish) the budget in a month.‎ ‎[解析]　to accomplish　考查非谓语动词作表语。此处表将来，因此用动词不定式。句意：他的任务是在一个月内完成预算。‎ ‎[典例14]　[2015·安徽黄山质检二]—Fancy meeting you here, Lucy！I never thought you visit us today.‎ ‎—Sorry, I forgot to tell you I was coming. I hope you don't mind me ________ (drop) in.‎ ‎[解析]　dropping　根据句式结构可知，该题考查动名词作宾语，“mind＋doing”其中 ‎“me”为“drop”的逻辑主语，“mind me dropping in”。‎ ‎[典例15]　[2015·北京朝阳区一模]In order to keep fit, the old man makes it a rule ________ (go) for a walk after supper every day.‎ ‎[解析]　to go　根据结构可以看出，该句型中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式，故填to go。‎ NO.1解题步骤 ‎1.分析句子结构，明确空格处应是谓语还是非谓语。‎ ‎2．按照非谓语动词在句子中所充当的成分的特点，并结合语境来确定正确形式。‎ NO.2解题技巧 ‎1.提示词为动词，句子中已经有谓语并且没有连词时应填非谓语。‎ ‎2．根据非谓语动词在句中所作的成分，判断非谓语动词的逻辑主语与考查动词的主、被动关系。‎ ‎3．判断非谓语动词与谓语动词之间的先后关系，来确定正确形式。‎ ‎4．注意现在分词与过去分词的拼写要正确。‎ ‎[典例16]　[2015·西安八校联考]—Any danger for the patient ________ (operate) on by Dr Smith?‎ ‎—Hard to say. Doctors are trying their best.‎ ‎[解析]　being operated　根据句式结构可知此空填非谓语动词，在名词之后且修饰名词，则判断是非谓语动词作定语，故其逻辑主语为被修饰的成分，即：“the patient”与operate之间为被动关系；根据语境可知当前手术正在进行中，故填being operated。‎ ‎[典例17]　[2015·北京丰台区一模]Whenever I'm in trouble, I hear a voice ________ (ring) in my head “you can do it”．‎ ‎[解析]　ringing　根据句子结构可知空格处填非谓语，且由“hear＋a voice＋________”可知此处作宾补，其逻辑主语为宾语a voice，两者为主动关系，根据语境可知“ring”这一动作正在进行，故填现在分词作宾补，填ringing。‎ ‎[典例18]　[2015·天津河东区一模]A plane of Air Asia crashed into the sea, ________(kill) all the passengers on board.‎ ‎[解析]　killing　根据句式结构可知填非谓语作状语，其逻辑主语为主句讲述的事，两者构成主动关系，且kill与crashed同时发生，故填killing作结果状语。‎ 非谓语动词的解题一般通过以下几步就可以减少或避免错误：‎ ‎1．利用“有无连词”判断是谓语还是非谓语，即要找出句子的主干——主语和谓语，再判断有没有连词的存在来连接两个句子。‎ ‎2．根据句意和非谓语在句子中的作用来确定逻辑主语。‎ ‎(1)非谓语作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；‎ ‎(2)非谓语作定语时，其逻辑主语是修饰的名词或代词；‎ ‎(3)非谓语作宾补时，其逻辑主语是作宾语的名词或代词；‎ ‎(4)非谓语作主语或宾语时，其逻辑主语通过句意来判断。‎ ‎3．根据与逻辑主语之间的关系确定语态(主被动)。‎ ‎4．根据非谓语与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态(一般或完成式等)。‎ 注意：(1)在本专题的考点剖析中讲过的特殊情况要特殊去积累运用，否则也会出现错误。‎ 如：①汉语理解与英语结构不一致的情况。‎ ‎②主动形式表被动的情况。‎ ‎③固定结构作状语：to be honest, to tell the truth, to make things/matters worse, judging from, compared to/with, provided/providing和suppose/supposing＋从句等均属特定用法。‎ ‎(2)另外，有些考题用非谓语动词形式使句式结构复杂化，而使考生弄不清考查的内容，对此类题目一定要分清句子结构。‎ The professor referred_to at the meeting will_give us a lecture next week.‎ 该句中的referred to为过去分词作定语，如考生定势思维认为to为介词，后面加宾语可能会填写giving。‎ 因此，考生对这种逆向考查方式要高度提防，最好的方法是夯实基础，提高分辨能力，便可迎刃而解。‎