2021届湖北省六校高三年级10月联考英语试题（教师版含解析） 23页

2021 届六校 10 月联考 高三英语试题 第 I 卷 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分) 第一节 (共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分) 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选 项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读 一遍。 1. What does the woman want the man to do? A. Go shopping. B. Have some milk. C. Take out the garbage. 2. What will the man do tonight? A. Go bowling. B. Visit the woman. C. Prepare for an exam. 3. What will the man most probably do? A. Pay for the tickets. B. Go to the ticket office. C. Ask the woman for a discount. 4. Where does the conversation take place? A. At home. B. At the doctor’s. C. At the man’s office. 5. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A man. B. A course. C. A language. 第二节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分) 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中 选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后， 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6. What does the man want the woman to do? A. Buy him a boat. B. Lend him some money. C. Spend the summer on a boat. 7. What is the woman’s attitude towards the man’s idea? A. Supportive. B. Opposed. C. Confused. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 10 题。 8. Where does the woman work? A. In a radio station. B. In a hotel. C. In a building company. 9. Why is the woman looking for Mr. Nash? A. To book a hotel. B. To talk about his concern. C. To invite him for an interview. 10. How will the woman get in touch with Mr. Nash? A. By writing an e-mail. B. By sending a text message. C. By making a phone call. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。 11. What does the woman ask the man about first? A. The packing. B. The receipt. C. The price. 12. What does the man decide to do with the camera? A. Change it. B. Have it fixed. C. Get his money back. 13. Who is the woman most likely to be? A. A technician. B. A photographer. C. A saleswoman. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 14 至 17 题。 14. What is the relationship between Tom and the man? A. Colleagues. B. Neighbors. C. Classmates. 15. What problem does the man have? A. He dislikes his job. B. He knows few people here. C. He is unfamiliar with the city. 16. What will the man do next Saturday? A. Go to the woman’s house. B. Treat the woman to dinner. C. Introduce someone to the woman. 17. What can we learn about the woman? A. She feels lonely. B. She tries to help the man. C. She likes challenging jobs. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 18 至 20 题。 18. What working environment does Euro Cafe provide? A. Fast-paced. B. Pleasant. C. Competitive. 19. What should applicants do to sign up for the fair? A. Send a fax. B. Visit the website. C. Go to the office. 20. What do we know about Euro Cafe? A. It opens from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. B. It will hold the Job Fair on June 1st. C. It is famous in some parts of Europe. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分 50 分) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将 该项涂黑。 A Ireland:Beauty and a Long History of Separation Ireland is home to ancient kings and chiefs, giants and fairies. For years it has existed as two Irelands, and Brexit could worsen that division. Discover the lively cities of Dublin and Belfast, and taste pints, drink a whiskey or eat fresh oysters. Journey Highlights Meet storytellers and experts for insight into the true story of Ireland’s history. Get the full taste of Ireland, experiencing seaweed, oysters and whiskey. Swiss Family Adventure: An Active Journey Through the Alps. The Swiss Alps are the perfect family playground, providing a fun and relaxing summer retreat for all ages. Towering peaks, rushing waterfalls and peaceful meadows bursting with wildflowers provide the calm backdrop for an array of active programs. This eight-day program is suited to anyone with a sense of adventure, and especially for families with children ages 7 to 14. Journey Highlights Explore the heart-beating First Cliff Walk in Grindelwald. Cruise Lake Thun to the town of Spiez. Explore the castle here, where children can become “Knights in Training”. Climate Change in New Orleans: A meeting and observation The impact of climate change and extreme weather is all too noticeable in the disastrous changes that are happening along the Louisiana Gulf Coast. Spend four days in New Orleans immersed in the issues around global climate change and its impact on human health, and natural ecosystems. Journey Highlights Take a special tour of the levee system on the Mississippi River surrounding New Orleans to see its importance in protecting the area. Learn how climate change affects New Orleans and the Gulf region from scientists. Active Argentina and Patagonia Argentina is the active adventures’ dream destination. From cathedral-like peaks to icy glaciers, this active, multisport route invites you to explore the Lake District, hike in view of the Fits Roy Massif, sail to glaciers and ride horses. Journey Highlights Go kayaking on Lago Gutierrez and hike to surprising lakes in Nahuel Huapi National Park. Cruise by boating to the face of the Perito Moreno Glacier. Visit a working ranch for a closer look at farmer life. 1. Which activity will make you feel thrilled? A. Visiting a working ranch in Argentina B. Walking on the bank of the Mississippi River C. Listening to the true story of Ireland’s history D. Exploring First Cliff Walk in Grindelwald. 2. Who is suitable for the journey to New Orleans? A. Historians. B. Adventurers. C. Sailors. D. Environmentalists. 3. Where has the mountain tops in the shape of churches? A. Swiss. B. Argentina. C. Ireland. D. New Orleans. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个不同国家的旅行活动极其亮点。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Swiss Family Adventure: An Active Journey Through the Alps.”部分“Explore the heart-beating First Cliff Walk in Grindelwald”的关键词“heart-beating”可知，在 Grindelwald 探索令人心跳的 First Cliff Walk 会让你感觉刺激。故选 D 项。 【2 题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Climate Change in New Orleans: A meeting and observation”部分第一句“Spend four days in New Orleans immersed in the issues around global climate change and its impact on human health, and natural ecosystems. (在新奥尔良待四天，深入研究全球气候变化及其对人类健康和自然生态系统的影响)”可知，新 奥尔良之旅适合环境学家。故选 D 项。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Active Argentina and Patagonia”部分第二句“From cathedral-like peaks to icy glaciers, this active, multisport route invites you to explore the Lake District, hike in view of the Fits Roy Massif, sail to glaciers and ride horses.(从像大教堂的山峰到冰冷的冰川，这个活跃的，多运动的路线邀请你探索湖区，在 Fits Roy 山丘上徒步，到冰川上航行和骑马)”可知，阿根廷有教堂形状的山顶。故选 B 项。 【点睛】 B The snow was falling and the roads had become dangerous. The schools were dismissed early, but much to my surprise, my appointment wasn’t canceled. So I went, feeling especially heroic. As far as I could see, I was risking my life to keep my word. Snow or no snow, I would be on time for my scheduled donation at the local blood center. When I got there, I discovered I wasn’t alone. Four more “hero-types” were already lying back in donor chairs with lines attached to their veins (静脉), and machines quietly pumping away to collect their life-saving gifts. Seeing my fellow donors honoring their own commitments, I realized why I was there. I lay back in my donor chair, ready to make a difference to the life of someone I would never meet. To be honest, I’d never really thought about why I donate. I just did it. But a few months ago, during one of my regular donations I learned that my blood was specifically for a cancer patient and for a newborn baby — both patients needed what I would give in order to live. I’ve viewed my visits to the blood center differently ever since. My wife Karen is a donor, too. And more importantly, she has been on the bone marrow list for fifteen years, ever since she signed up to provide bone marrow to a kindergartner with leukemia. That little girl died before Karen’s bone marrow could help her, but Karen was called again recently. Her test results were still on file, and it turned out she was a potential match for someone else. The caller asked Karen if she would still be willing to become a bone marrow donor. “Yes,” she said and then immediately began answering questions on the pages of paperwork for further testing. It was to race against time. I wish I could say that this race was won. Unluckily, it wasn’t. The caller later thanked Karen for her participation and asked a few more questions — including whether or not she’d remain on the donor list. “Of course,” Karen answered. We still keep making appointments. I don’t know whose life my donation may affect. Most likely it will be a stranger, but on some day the person needing blood could be you or me or maybe a loved one. It is worthwhile to take our time to donate. I like the sense of giving. 4. Why was the man going out on such a snowy day? A. He was going to risk his life for fun. B. He was going to do a heroic deed to show off to others. C. He was going to give a donation to help others in need. D. He was going to have an important appointment with his wife. 5. Who or what caused the man to view his visits to the blood center differently? A. A cancer patient and a newborn baby who needed what he gave to live. B. The fact that his wife would remain on the donor list after several failures. C. The fact that his wife signed up to provide bone marrow to a girl with leukemia. D. Four more “hero-types” lying back in donor chairs with lines attached to their veins. 6. What does the author think of his wife Karen’s action? A. He objects to what she does. B. He thinks highly of what she does. C. He is indifferent to what she does. D. He doesn’t show any apparent attitude. 7. Which of the following may the man agree with? A. One good turn deserves another. B. Where there is a will, there is a way. C. Constant dripping wears away a stone. D. The rose’s in her hand, the flavor in mine. 【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者不管天气如何，都会准时到当地的血液中心献血。几个月前，一个 癌症病人和一个需要他的帮助才能活下去的新生婴儿让作者对去血液中心有了不同的看法。作者的妻子也 是捐赠者，作者认为花时间去捐献是值得的。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Snow or no snow, I would be on time for my scheduled donation at the local blood center.(不管下不下雪，我都会准时到当地的血液中心献血)”以及第三段中“I lay back in my donor chair, ready to make a difference to the life of someone I would never meet.(我躺在我的捐赠椅上，准备改变一个我从 未见过的人的生活)”可知，作者在大雪天去血液中心献血给有需要的人。故选 C。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“But a few months ago, during one of my regular donations I learned that my blood was specifically for a cancer patient and for a newborn baby — both patients needed what I would give in order to live. I’ve viewed my visits to the blood center differently ever since.(但几个月前，在我的一次定期献血中，我得 知我的血液是专门为一个癌症病人和一个新生婴儿准备的——两个病人都需要我的血液才能活下去。从那 以后，我对自己去血液中心有了不同的看法)”可知，是一个癌症病人和一个需要在他的帮助下才能活下去 的新生婴儿让作者对去血液中心有了不同的看法。故选 A。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The caller later thanked Karen for her participation and asked a few more questions — including whether or not she’d remain on the donor list. ‘Of course,’ Karen answered.(后来打电话的 人感谢凯伦的参与，又问了几个问题——包括她是否还会在捐赠者名单上。凯伦回答：“当然”。)”可知 别人问作者的妻子是否继续捐献骨髓时，妻子毫不犹豫地回答“是的，当然”，可推知，作者对妻子的行 为很是赞赏。故选 B。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I don’t know whose life my donation may affect. Most likely it will be a stranger, but on some day the person needing blood could be you or me or maybe a loved one. It is worthwhile to take our time to donate. I like the sense of giving.(我不知道我的捐献会影响到谁的一生。很可能是一个陌生人，但总有 一天需要血液的人可能是你或我，也可能是你所爱的人。花时间去捐献是值得的。我喜欢给予的感觉)”可 推知，作者可能会同意 D 选项“赠人玫瑰，手留余香”的观点。故选 D。 C A team of scientists have studied thousands of species of birds to understand why there is so much diversity in the length of time they take to grow from a fertilized (受精的) egg into an independent adult. The study, published in Nature Communications, is the first one to consider the importance of lifestyle and environmental factors alongside evolutionary history and body size to explain the variation. All organisms face a trade-off (交换) between reproducing and surviving and they solve this problem in different ways. The team found that migratory birds develop much quicker, which may ensure they are ready to return to their winter habitats at the end of each summer. Findings showed that birds that breed and live in safer environments with fewer predators typically took longer to develop, possibly because they can afford to spend longer since there is no danger or need to leave. They also found that bird species with a “live fast die young” strategy develop quicker, allowing them to maximize the number of offspring (后代) they can produce in the short time available. As expected, the research showed that bigger birds took longer to develop — but even among birds of a similar size there was variation in development times. Dr. Chris Cooney, from the University of Sheffield’s Department of Animal and Plant Sciences and lead author of the research, said, “The amount of time it takes for a fertilized egg to develop into a fully grown adult varies hugely across the animal kingdom. For instance, it takes an elephant almost 10 years to reach independence, whereas a fruit fly is fully grown after only a matter of days. This extraordinary diversity is also prevalent within birds, where albatrosses (信天翁) can take almost a year to develop from an embryo (胚胎) to an independent adult, but a typical UK garden songbird (鸣禽) takes little more than a month. We found that certain aspects of a species’ lifestyle and environment are important in explaining how long they take to develop.” The study on birds gives scientists some clues about the type of factors that may be important in other species. However, it may be that different factors are important for determining development length in other animal groups. Therefore, the next step is to address these questions using data that covers the whole scale of the animal kingdom — from fish to mammals to insects — to gain an even broader insight into the factors shaping these fundamental differences across species. 8. What does the study mainly focus on? A. The number of bird species. B. The changes of bird habitats. C. The development length of birds. D. The life span of birds. 9. What does the underlined word “prevalent” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Rare. B. Common. C. Special. D. Strange. 10. What can we know from Dr. Chris Cooney’s words? A. The development times vary with the species. B. Size determines the speed of birds’ development. C. Animals living in the same place develop at the same rate. D. Bigger animals always grow more slowly than smaller ones. 11. Why will scientists use data covering the whole scale of the animal kingdom? A. To study the cause of the species diversity. B. To show the basic differences among species. C. To explore the evolutionary history of animals. D. To figure out other factors in development length. 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是生活方式、进化历史、环境因素和个头大小都对鸟类的生长发育成熟时间 有影响。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。文章第一段最后一句“The study, published in Nature Communications, is the first one to consider the importance of lifestyle and environmental factors alongside evolutionary history and body size to explain the variation.” 这项发表在《自然通讯》上的研究，是第一个将生活方式和环境因素的重要性，以及进化历史 和体型来解释这种差异的研究。讲述生活方式、进化历史、环境因素和个头大小对鸟类的生长发育成熟时 间的影响。最后一段第二句“However, it may be that different factors are important for determining development length in other animal groups. ”然而，在其他动物群体中，不同的因素可能是决定发育长度的重要因素。可 知研究主要关注的是鸟类的发育长度。故选 C。 【9 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“For instance, it takes an elephant almost 10 years to reach independence, whereas a fruit fly is fully grown after only a matter of days.” 例如，大象需要近 10 年才能独立，而果蝇只需要几天就能完全长大。 可知体型大的动物成熟时间长，体型小的动物成熟时间短。而“This extraordinary diversity is also prevalent within birds, where albatrosses can take almost a year to develop from an embryo(胚胎)to an independent adult, but a typical UK garden songbird takes little more than a month. ” 这个非凡的多样性也普遍在鸟类,信天翁可 以近一年开发从一个胚胎,一个独立的成年人,但典型的英国花园 songbird 需要小一个多月。说明 albatrosses 几乎需要一年来成熟，而 a typical UK garden songbird 只需要一个多月。所以这种非凡的多样性在鸟类中也 很普遍。所以划线单词的意思是“常见的”。故选 B。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The amount of time it takes for a fertilized egg to develop into a fully grown adult varies hugely across the animal kingdom.” 受精卵发育成一个完全成熟的物种所需要的时间在动物王国里差 别很大。由此判断出发展时间因物种而异。故选 A。 【11 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The study on birds gives scientists some clues about the type of factors that may be important in other species. However, it may be that different factors are important for determining development length in other animal groups. Therefore, the next step is to address these questions using data that covers the whole scale of the animal kingdom — from fish to mammals to insects — to gain an even broader insight into the factors shaping these fundamental differences across species.”我们得知，鸟儿的研究已经给科学家了一些线索，然而，决定发育时长的可能有其他因 素。所以，下一步就是使用全范围的动物王国的数据来洞见造成这些物种之间基本差异的因素。由此判断 出科学家使用全范围的动物王国的数据，目的就是找出影响发育长度的其它因素。故选 D。 D European researchers say they have created a process that can produce oxygen from moon dust. The process could provide a major source of oxygen for humans taking part in moon exploration activities in the future. Researchers from the European Space Agency (ESA), carried out the experiments at a laboratory in the Netherlands. They reported their results in a study published in Planetary and Space Science. The team says ESA’s experimental “plant” was able to successfully produce oxygen from simulated (仿造的) moon dust. The dust is part of a material known as regolith, a top layer of dirt and rock fragments that sit on the surface of the moon. Samples of regolith returned from the moon have confirmed that the material contains about 45 percent oxygen by weight. However, the oxygen is chemically locked in the form of minerals or glass, so it is not easily available for use. Having real samples of regolith from the moon made it possible for the researchers to create the simulated moon dust material used during testing. ESA’s long-term goal is to design an oxygen-producing “pilot plant” to operate full-time on the moon. The first technology demonstration (演示 ) of the system is expected to take place in the middle 2020s. Beth Lomax of the University of Glasgow was a lead researcher on the project. “Being able to acquire oxygen from resources found on the moon would obviously be hugely useful for future lunar settlers, both for breathing and in the local production of rocket fuel,” she said in a statement. The researchers reported that “as a bonus”, the process also results in the production of usable metallic materials. ESA researcher Alexandre Meurisse said the finding that a number of metals are left behind was an important discovery. ESA and the U.S. space agency NASA are both working on plans to return human beings to the moon. NASA has set a goal for 2024, with the aim to keep humans on the moon for long periods. ESA officials say the latest experiments were part of expanded engineering development aimed at finding new ways for lunar materials to be used to support future human activities. Last August, NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida announced its own plans to develop a device that would melt lunar regolith to extract oxygen. The NASA plan would involve heating the regolith to more than 1,600 degrees Celsius and then flowing electricity through the material, the agency explained. The process would attempt to cause a chemical reaction to split the regolith into oxygen and metals. Kevin Grossman is a materials science expert at Kennedy Space Center. He said researchers will be carrying out experiments to test the technology with the goal of getting NASA, in his words, “one step closer to an automated mass production of oxygen on the Moon.” 12. How will the process benefit humans according to the study? A. By creating warm air for researchers on the moon. B. By providing rocks for the production of minerals. C. By testing the weight of the oxygen contained in moon dust. D. By offering oxygen for people conducting studies on the moon. 13. What makes oxygen difficult to produce during the ESA’s experiment? A. Its poor quality. B. Its small quantity. C. Its form of existence. D. Its complex structure. 14. What is the “bonus” in the new process? A. Usable metals. B. Fresh oxygen. C. Rare minerals. D. Precious glass. 15. What is the best title of the passage? A. European Researchers Discovered Oxygen From Moon Dust B. Oxygen Found for Humans Taking Part in Moon Exploration C. Oxygen Successfully Produced From the Moon Dust D. Mass Production of Oxygen achieved on the Moon 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。研究人员报告称他们成功地从月球尘埃中产生氧气。 【12 题详解】 细节题解题。根据文章第一段“The process could provide a major source of oxygen for humans taking part in moon exploration activities in the future.(这一过程可能为未来参与月球探测活动的人类提供主要的氧气来 源。)”可知，这个制作方法能够为参与月球探索的人员提供氧气，这就是它带给人类的好处。故选 D。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“However, the oxygen is chemically locked in the form of minerals or glass, so it is not easily available for use. (然而，氧气以矿物或玻璃的形式被化学锁住，所以不容易获得。)”可知，氧气 的化学成分以矿物质和玻璃的形式锁在物质里面，它不能轻易拿来使用。故选 C。 【14 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段““as a bonus”, the process also results in the production of usable metallic materials. (“作为意外所得之物”，这一过程还可以生产出可用的金属材料。)”可知，这个氧气制作方法可以 生产出可使用的金属物质，这就是它带来的意外所得之物。故选 A。 【15 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第一句“European researchers say they have created a process that can produce oxygen from moon dust.(欧洲研究人员表示，他们已经创造了一种可以从月球尘埃中产生氧气的过程。)”及 全文内容可知，研究人员报告称他们成功地从月球尘埃中产生氧气。所以“月球尘埃成功地产生了氧气” 作为文章标题最为合适。故选 C。 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 One thing nearly all teens agree on is that most of what high school teaches them is irrelevant to their lives outside of school or their future careers.So how can we help students actively seek a sense of purpose? ___16___ Part of developing a sense of purpose is having a vision bigger than one’s self. If you are only worried about yourself, you’11 be trained to care only about yourself. By working in teams, our young people can start to develop the skills and attitudes that are essential both to thriving in today’s workforce and to leading a life that feels meaningful. Explore the world. A sense of purpose often starts to develop during “purpose-seeking” opportunities. _____17_____ They have at least one of three active ingredients: an important life event, serving others in a meaningful way, or changes in 1ife circumstances. Learn from failure. _____18_____ Paul Tough documents this well — how learning to fail builds critical life skills. It is hard to think of a political leader or anyone who ever accomplished anything important who did not fail along the way — in fact, failure was often a catalyst for their eventual success. _____19_____ But we do not give students the opportunity to fail without serious consequences. So when they get out into the real world, they cannot deal with failure. Start with the why. Many high school students work hard, but they have no idea why. Or they do not work hard at all because they see no real-world benefit from it. ____20____ If they do not understand why, schoolwork will either be boring or meaningless to them, causing tons of worry and stress. They will be doing it simply to advance through the next hoop — high school graduation or college admission — not for its own inherent value. A. Failing is usually a shame. B. Promote teamwork actively. C. Failing is how we learn in our life. D. Learning how to persevere is often most important. E. Students have to learn what is important in life. F. They push beyond comfort zones and to explore. G. Students need to be clear why they are learning. 【答案】16. B 17. F 18. C 19. D 20. G 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了帮助青少年们找到自己学习的目的的方法。 【详解】1. 根据本段中的“ By working in teams, our young people can start to develop the skills and attitudes that are essential both to thriving in today’s workforce and to leading a life that feels meaningful.”通过团队合作，我们 的年轻人可以开始培养技能和态度，这些技能和态度对于在当今的劳动大军中茁壮成长和过上有意义的生 活都是必不可少的。据此可知，团队合作的重要性，所以空白处应该论述的是要积极地促进团队工作。选 项 B.“要积极地促进团队工作”切题。working in teams 对应 Promote teamwork。故选 B。 2. 由空白处前一句“A sense of purpose often starts to develop during “purpose-seeking” opportunities.”在“追求 目标”的机会中，目标感往往开始形成。空白处后一句“They have at least one of three active ingredients: an important life event, serving others in a meaningful way, or changes in 1ife circumstances.”它们至少 包含三种积极成分中的一种:一件重要的生活事件，以有意义的方式服务他人，或生活环境的改变。讲述的 目标感的组成内容，此处用到了人称代词“they”呼应选项中的 They，选项 F.“他们超越舒适区去探索得更多.” 切题。故选 F。 3. 本段的主题句为 Learn from failure“从失败中学”，作为紧随主题句的内容，应该讲述这样做的原因。选 项 C.“Failing is how we learn in our life.”失败是我们学习生活的方式。正好与本段的主旨呼应。故选 C。 4. 由空白处前一句中提到“in fact, failure was often a catalyst for their eventual success”事实上，失败往往是他 们最终成功的催化剂，强调失败的重要意义，说明坚持的重要性，选项 D.“Learning how to persevere is often most important.”学会如何坚持往往是最重要的。与文意相符合，故选 D。 5.根据本段的标题“”Start with the why”从为什么开始。选项承接主题句，具体说明为什么开始的具体内容。 与下文的“If they do not understand why... ”为并列关系。故 G 选项“青少年们要明白他们为什么要学习”切题。 故选 G。 第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节, 满分 30 分) 第一节 完形填空(共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最 佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 It was a dark night. Thick, dark, gray clouds had made sure that there was no starlight or moonlight to ___21___ me as I walked out on my porch. Still, I kept the porch light off because I didn’t want to be ___22___ by bugs and moths on this ___23___ summer evening. I stood there for a while letting my eyes adjust to the lack of ___24___. It was then, though, that I saw them. First one blink of light at the far end of the meadow followed by another and then another. I ___25___. I recognized them at once as my firefly(萤火虫) ___26___, my lightning bug buddies who always ___27___ this time of the year. When I was little I used to sit in the grass and watch them ___28___ fly around blinking on and off. I never ___29___ and put one in a jar as some kids did because I never wanted to hurt these messengers of light. Their time on this earth was so ____30____ as it was. I tried to enjoy them each night they were here. It always ____31____ me when they disappeared in the fall and it always made my heart ____32____ when they reappeared the next summer. We are like them in a lot of ways. Our ____33____ here on earth is brief. Often our light and love are more like on and off blinks rather than a ____34____ shine. Still, we do our best to share it and take ____35____ in knowing that others will be shining their light long after we are gone. 21. A. shine B. greet C. please D. guide 22. A. frightened B. accompanied C. surrounded D. troubled 23. A. sticky B. dusk C. dark D. warm 24. A. heat B. water C. light D. air 25. A. frowned B. cried C. smiled D. sighed 26. A. lovers B. friends C. partners D. mates 27. A. went out B. gave out C. settled down D. showed up 28. A. fearfully B. cautiously C. nervously D. slowly 29. A. saw B. hit C. caught D. got 30. A. hard B. terrible C. useful D. brief 31. A. depressed B. surprised C. confused D. excited 32. A. beat B. sing C. move D. tremble 33. A. hope B. memory C. mind D. life 34. A. beautiful B. steady C. bright D. clear 35. A. pride B. comfort C. action D. interest 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. D 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. B 35. B 【解析】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者晚上到院子里，遇到喜爱的萤火虫，并且认为人类和萤火虫一样，在 这个星球上，生命短暂，但即便如此，我们也要努力地用微光照亮世界。 【21 题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：当我走出门廊时，厚厚的乌云证实没有星光或月光迎接我。A. shine 照射，发光；B. greet 问候，欢迎；C. please 使高兴，取悦；D. guide 引导，指导。根据前面的“there was no starlight or moonlight to”和后面的 me as I walked out on my porch”可知，作者走出来的时候，因为漆黑一片，因此没有月光和星 光来迎接他。故选 B。 【22 题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：不过，我还是关了门廊的灯，因为我不想在这个闷热的夏夜被虫子和飞蛾打扰。A. frightened 害怕；B. accompanied 伴随，陪伴；C. surrounded 包围；D. troubled 使烦恼，打扰。根据后面的“bugs and moths”可知，作者不喜欢被虫子和飞蛾等袭扰，而把灯关掉。故选 D。 【23 题详解】 考查形容词辨析。句意：不过，我还是关了门廊的灯，因为我不想在这个闷热的夏夜被虫子和飞蛾打扰。A. sticky 粘的；B. dusk 微暗的；C. dark 黑暗的；D. warm 温暖的。结合后面的“summer evening”和常识可知， 夏季的夜晚由于炎热，给人的感觉应该是黏糊糊的，故选 A。 【24 题详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：我在那里站了一会儿，让我的眼睛适应光线不足。A. heat 高温，热度；B. water 水； C. light 光，光线；D. air 空气。根据上文的“there was no starlight or moonlight”和“I kept the porch light off” 可知当时没有光，作者在那里站了一会儿，是为了让眼睛适应光线不足的情况。故选 C。 【25 题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：我微笑了。A. frowned 皱眉；B. cried 哭喊；C. smiled 微笑；D. sighed 叹气。据下文 的“I recognized them at once as my firefly…”可知，作者看到了自己的萤火虫朋友，应该是微笑了。故选 C。 【26 题详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：我立刻认出他们是我的萤火虫朋友，我的闪电虫伙伴，它们每年这个时候都会出现。 A. lovers 情人；B. friends 朋友；C. partners 伙伴；D. mates 伙伴。根据后面的“my lighting bug buddies”可知， 作者把萤火虫看作是自己的朋友。故选 B。 【27 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我立刻认出他们是我的萤火虫朋友，我的闪电虫伙伴，它们每年这个时候都会 出现。A. went out 出去，熄灭；B. gave out 分发，公布；C. settled down 定居，专心于；D. showed up 露面， 揭露。根据常识可知，萤火虫总是在每年的夏季晚上出现。故选 D。 【28 题详解】 考查副词辨析。句意：当我小的时候，我常常坐在草地上，看着它们忽明忽暗慢慢地飞来飞去。A. fearfully 可怕地；B. cautiously 谨慎地；C. nervously 紧张地，焦急地；D. slowly 缓慢地。根据常识和下文“put one in a jar as some kids did”可知，孩子们能逮住萤火虫说明它飞得慢。故选 D。 【29 题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：我从来没有像一些孩子那样抓住它们并放进罐子里，因为我从来不想伤害这些光的 使者。A. saw 看见；B. hit 打击，袭击；C. caught 捕捉；D. got 得到，明白。根据后面的“ put one in a jar as some kids did”可知，只有逮住萤火虫才能放进罐子里。故选 C。 【30 题详解】 考查形容词辨析。句意：它们在这个世界上的时间是如此的短暂。A. hard 努力的，困难的；B. terrible 可怕 的；C. useful 有用的；D. brief 短暂的，简短的。与最后一段的“Our…here on earth is brief”呼应，作者认 为萤火虫在地球上的时间很短暂，不想伤害这些光明的使者。故选 D。 【31 题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：每当秋天它们消失的时候，我总是感到沮丧；每当第二年夏天它们再次出现的时候， 我的心就在歌唱。A. depressed 压抑，使沮丧；B. surprised 使惊奇；C. confused 使混乱，使困惑；D. excited 激动，使兴奋。作者把萤火虫当作朋友，所以当它们在秋天消失时，总是让作者感到沮丧。故选 A。 【32 题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：每当秋天它们消失的时候，我总是感到沮丧；每当第二年夏天它们再次出现的时候， 我的心就在歌唱。A. beat 打，打败；B. sing 歌唱；C. move 移动，改变；D. tremble 发抖，战栗。根据后面 的“when they reappeared the next summer”可知，作者喜欢萤火虫，把它们当朋友，所以它们在第二年夏天 再次出现时，作者很开心。这里用心在唱歌形容作者高兴的心情。故选 B。 【33 题详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：我们和他们有很多相似之处。我们在地球上的生命是短暂的。A. hope 希望；B. memory 记忆，记忆力；C. mind 智力；D. life 生活，生命。此处指人的生命短暂，根据前面的“We are like them in a lot of ways.”和后面的“here on earth is brief”可知，作者感慨人类和这些萤火虫一样，人生短暂。故选 D。 【34 题详解】 考查形容词辨析。句意：通常，我们的光和爱更像是忽明忽暗的闪烁，而不是稳定的光芒。A. beautiful 美 丽的；B. steady 稳定的，稳固的；C. bright 明亮的；D. clear 清楚的。与前面“on and off blinks”对比，指 稳定的闪耀。故选 B。 【35 题详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：尽管如此，我们还是尽最大努力去分享它，因为我们知道在我们死后，其他人也会 继续释放他们的光芒而感到安慰。A. pride 自豪，骄傲；B. comfort 安慰，舒适；C. action 行动，活动；D. interest 兴趣，爱好。take comfort in“感到宽慰”，此处指虽然人生短暂，但我们仍要尽力发光，就算我们离去， 也会有别人闪耀着他们的光芒，我们也就能够释怀了。故选 B。 第Ⅱ卷 第三部分 英语知识运用 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。 China launched its first independent Mars mission on Thursday at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan Province, opening the nation’s planetary exploration program. The 57-meter rocket, the strongest and most technologically complicated in China’s launch vehicle family,____36____(fly) about 36 minutes and then placed the spacecraft into an Earth-Mars transfer trajectory (转移轨道). If everything goes as scheduled, the 5-ton Tianwen-1, ____37____ (consist) of two major parts — the orbiter and the landing capsule — will travel more than 400 million km over some seven months before entering the Martian gravitational field, according to the China National Space Administration. Several midcourse and deep-space correction maneuvers will be made during the spaceflight to make sure the probe will be ____38____ (precise) aimed at the Red Planet. After the probe (探测器) enters Mars orbit, it will revolve around the planet for two and ____39____ half months to explore the landing capsule’s preset landing site before falling to a certain altitude to release the landing capsule,____40____ will gradually fall through Mar’s atmosphere. The history of the Chinese people’s observation of Mars can be traced to more than 3,000 years ago, with ancient ____41____ (astronomer) calling the celestial body Yinghou, or Perplexing Fire, ___42___ in their eyes, the planet looked like a capricious, shimmering flame in the night sky. Tianwen, or Quest for Heavenly Truth, is a long poem by the ancient poet Qu Yuan of the Kingdom of Chu during the Warring States Period (475-221 BC). He is ____43____ (fame) for his patriotism and contributions to classical poetry and verses, especially through the poems of the Chu Ci anthology, also ____44____ (know) as Songs of Chu. “Naming the mission ____45____ the poem is intended to show China’s determination to explore deep space and to implant the love of science in young people”, said the space administration. 【答案】36. flew 37. consisting 38. precisely 39. a 40. which 41. astronomers 42. because 43. famous 44. known 45. after 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文，介绍了中国在海南省文昌航天发射中心发射了第一个独立的火星任务，开启了中国的行 星探索计划。 【详解】1.考查动词。句意：这颗 57 米长的火箭，是中国运载火箭系列中最强大、技术最复杂的，飞行大 约 36 分钟，然后将航天器送入火星地球转移轨道。通过句式分析我们可以得知：主语 The57-meter rocket 后 面缺谓语动词，而这又是 on Tuesday 发生的事情，侧重介绍过去事实，所以用的一般过去时。故填 flew。 2.考查非谓语动词。句意：据中国国家航天局表示，如果一切按计划进行，5 吨重的“天文一号”将由轨道器 和着陆舱两个主要部分组成，在进入火星引力场之前，将在 7 个月时间里飞行 4 亿多公里。通过句子成分 分析可以得知：这个长句中，主句的主谓是 the 5-ton Tianwen-1……will travel……，这个主语后面空出的部 分是非谓语(定语)，与所修饰的中心语之间是主谓关系，所以用-ing 形式。故填 consisting。 3.考查副词。句意：在航天飞行期间，将进行几次中段和深空修正动作，以确保探测器精确地瞄准这颗红色 行星。空白处后为动词，所以空白处用来修饰动词短语 be aimed at ，所以用副词形式，表示“精确地瞄准”。 故填 precisely。 4.考查冠词。句意：探测器进入火星轨道后，将围绕火星旋转两个半月，探索着陆舱预先设定的着陆点，然 后降落到一定高度释放着陆舱，着陆舱将逐渐落入火星的大气层。表示“两年半”用 two and a half years。其 中 half 这里的 h 发音，是辅音，用 a 修饰。故填 a。 5.考查定语从句。句意同上。通过句子成分分析和句意理解，可以确定 the landing capsule 是先行词，在后 面非限定性定语从句中做主语，用 which 引导。故填 which。 6.考查名词复数。句意：中国人观测火星的历史可以追溯到 3000 多年前，古代天文学家把火星称为“银后” ， 因为在他们眼中，这颗行星看起来就像是夜空中反复无常，闪烁的火焰。空白处前 ancient 为形容词，形容 词修饰名词；astronomer“天文学家”为可数名词，所以要用复数。故填.astronomers。 7.考查连词。句意同上。根据句意理解：古人把天体称为是因为在他们眼里，那个星球在夜空看起来就像一 团火。空白处之后的内容为对人们对天体称为 Perplexing Fire 的原因解释，所以用 bacause。故填 because。 8.考查形容词。句意：他以爱国主义精神和对古典诗词的贡献而闻名，尤其是《楚辞集》中的诗词，也被称 为《楚辞》。固定短语 be famous for“因为......而出名”，所以空白处填 famous,故填 fmaous。 9.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子可知，空白处做名词 the Chu Ci anthology 的定语，因本句中已有 谓语动词，名词 the Chu Ci anthology 与 know 为动宾关系，所以要用过去分词作后置定语。故填 known。 10.考查介词。句意：太空总署说：“以这首诗命名这次任务是为了展示中国探索外太空的决心，并向年轻人 灌输对科学的热爱。”固定短语 name…after“以......命名”，故填 after。 第四部分 写作(共两节；满分 40 分) 第一节 应用文写作(满分 15 分) 46. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的美国朋友 Peter 写写给你的邮件中提到他对北京正在实行的垃圾 分类(garbage classification)很感兴趣。他向你询问有关情况，请你给他回信，内容包括： 1. 垃圾分类的益处； 2. 你周边的实施情况； 3. 你的感受。 参考词汇：recyclables, kitchen waste, harmful waste, other waste 注意：词数 100 左右,可合理添加细节；开头已写好，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, I am glad to hear that you are interested in garbage classification in Beijing. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Yours, sincerely Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I am glad to hear that you are interested in garbage classification in Beijing. To satisfy your curiosity, I would like to give a brief account of it. As we know, garbage, unless handled in a proper way, will cause damage. Thrown here and there, garbage will have a bad influence on our city’s image and environment. To make matters worse, some waste may do harm to our health. Aimed at improving people’s living environment and economical use of resources, garbage classification is being carried out in Beijing. The instant Beijing has enforced the policy, garbage classification is greeted with a warm welcome. In every corner of the communities stand garbage cans, based on the four categories consisting of recyclables, kitchen waste, harmful waste, and other waste. Residents put different kinds of garbage into the right cans. By doing so, we will make our world a better place to live in. If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to contact me. 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇提纲类写作。 【详解】第一步：明确要求。假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的美国朋友 Peter 写写给你的邮件中提到 他对北京正在实行的垃圾分类(garbage classification)很感兴趣。他向你询问有关情况，请你给他回信，内容 包括：1. 垃圾分类的益处；2. 你周边的实施情况；3. 你的感受。 第二步：列关键词。如：be interested in，do harm to，carry out，base on， hesitate to do 等。 第三步：连词成句。根据列出的关键词造句，注意主谓一致，时态语态等语法。 第四步：连句成文。注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡。书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美 观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如 As we know, garbage, unless handled in a proper way, will cause damage. 运用了 as 引导的非限定性定语从句；Thrown here and there, garbage will have a bad influence on our city’s image and environment. 运用非谓语动词。全文中 没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然， 为文章增色添彩。 第二节 读后续写(满分 25 分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为 150 左右。 A monk used to live in a hut at a side of a village. He read books all day long, without worrying for food or money. He was a very kind and tender-hearted person. All the villagers greatly admired his noble character. That is why everyone offered him food and wanted to help him. Once, it was a cold winter. The monk had a fire burning in his hut for warmth. Suddenly, there was a knock at his door. The monk wondered who it could be out at such a cold night, He opened the door and found a fox out there shivering in cold. She spoke, “I live on the hills out there. Heavy snow is falling there, making my life difficult. Please kindly give me a little room in your hut for the night. I will go away in the morning.” The monk politely called her in and said, “Don’t worry, dear. You can live here as long as you wish.” In the warmth of the heated hut the fox felt very comfortable. The monk gave her some bread and milk. The fox quickly ate it and slept in a corner. In the morning, the fox asked for the permission to leave. The monk told her to come whenever she liked. The fox again came back at the night. The monk talked with her about the day's happenings and gave her some food. After eating, the fox went to sleep. A few months passed and the season changed. One day the fox said, “You took so great care of me all through the winter, I want to do something for you in return.” The monk remarked, “Dear fox, it was my duty to do something for you. Please don't embarrass me by talking in this way.” The fox pleaded, “I am not trying to pay back your kindness. I love you and respect you. By doing something for you I will feel a great pride in me. I wish to be of some use to you.” Paragraph 1 The monk thought for some time and hesitantly said, “I don’t need anything. But sometimes I wish I had a piece of gold. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Paragraph 2 It was now six months since the fox had gone. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 【答案】The monk thought for some time and hesitatingly said, “I don't need anything. But sometimes I wish I had a piece of gold. As you know, I have always been relying on the villagers, without whom I would be starving to death. Naturally, it has long been my desire to do something in return for their favor. All I can do is help educate their children. With no access to proper facilities and books, most of the kids in the village stay uneducated. A piece of gold is all I need to equip them with adequate knowledge so that they can have better chances of a bright future.” Hearing this, the fox nodded and promised she would see to it that the monk could have what he was longing for. With these words, the fox left in no time. It was now six months since the fox had gone. The more time went by, the more certain the monk felt that she wouldn't come back. One day, however, there was someone knocking at the door. The monk opened it and much to his astonishment, there stood the fox with a piece of gold in her mouth. She looked much skinnier than he last saw her. Deeply moved, the monk hugged the fox tightly with tears in his eyes. It turned out that the fox spent the last half of a year trying to fulfill her promise and she made it. 【解析】 【分析】本文属于读后续写。要求根据所给短文内容，结合给出的线索句完成文章续写。 【详解】本篇书面表达属于读后续写。通过阅读所给文章可知，本文讲述了一个和尚和一只狐狸的故事。 和尚温柔，善良，村民敬佩他的高尚，给他提供食物；狐狸因为寒冷敲开和尚住的小屋，连续几个月在和 尚的小屋里不仅享受了温暖，同时受到和尚的款待。在狐狸离开时，狐狸想做一些事给和尚作为回报。 续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：和尚想了一会儿，犹豫地说，我什么都不需要，但有时候我希望我有 一块金子。所以，接下来应该写和尚需要金子的理由和用处：可能会拿这些金子感谢帮助过他的村民；可 能会用这些金子买一些用于读书的设备，教村里孩子识字。第二段开头是：狐狸已经走了六个月了。本段 接下来应该描写和尚对之前狐狸所说的话开始怀疑，同时可以写狐狸返回后的情形。此处应详细描写狐狸 讲述这些时间自己干了什么事：通过自己的努力，为和尚换回金子，让自己的身体比之前瘦了好多，和尚 对此情景很感动。 续写内容应符合逻辑，本篇主要以一般过去时为主。 【点睛】文章续写内容，语义丰富；和原文在结构上保持了一致，句式简繁结合，充分表明了写作者的语 言驾驭能力。文章中的高分句型如下：运用了 with 的符合结构：With no access to proper facilities and books, most of the kids in the village stay uneducated. 使用了定语从句：A piece of gold is all I need to equip them with adequate knowledge so that they can have better chances of a bright future.”使用了现在分词做状 语： Hearing this, the fox nodded and promised she would see to it that the monk could have what he was longing for.