2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit5Nelson同步练习 人教版必修1 23页

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero 一、语基必备知识 ‎(一)重点词汇——分类记忆 Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意 ‎1．mean adj.　　　　　　　 　 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 ‎2．generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的 ‎3．easygoing adj. 随和的；温和宽容的 ‎4．invader n. 侵略者 ‎5．republic n. 共和国；共和政体 ‎6．principle n. 法则；原则；原理 ‎7．relative n. 亲戚；亲属 ‎8．mankind n. 人类 ‎9．lawyer n. 律师 ‎10．fee n. 费(会费、学费等)；酬金 ‎11．quote n. 引用语；语录 ‎12．release vt. 释放；发行 ‎13．blanket n. 毛毯；毯子 ‎14．terror n. 恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时 ‎ 期；恐怖活动 ‎15．principle n. 法则；原则；原理 ‎16．league n. 同盟；联盟；联合会 Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形 ‎1．quality n. 质量；品质；性质 ‎2．beg vi. 请求；乞求 ‎3．stage n. 舞台；阶段；时期 ‎4．opinion n. 意见；看法；主张 ‎5．reward n. 报酬；奖金 vt. 酬劳；奖赏 ‎6．found vt. 建立；建设 ‎7．attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击 ‎8．escape vi.& vt. 逃脱；逃走；避开 ‎9．vote vt.& vi. 投票；选举 23‎ n. 投票；选票；表决 ‎10．youth n. 青年；青年时期 ‎11．sentence vt. 判决；宣判 ‎12.__president n. 总统；会长；校长；行长 Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变 ‎1．guide vt.指导→guidance n．指导；领导 ‎2．violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的→violence n．暴力；暴行 ‎3．cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的→cruelty n．残忍；残酷 ‎4．equal adj.相等的；平等的→equally adv.平等地→equality n．平等 ‎5．active adj.积极的；活跃的→actively adv.积极地；活跃地→activity n．活动 ‎6．devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于→devotion n．奉献；献身；忠诚→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的 ‎7．educate vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育→educator n．教育者 ‎8．peace n．和平；平静；和睦→peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacefully adv.和平地；平静地 ‎9．self n．自我；自身→selfish adj.自私的→selfless adj.无私的；忘我的→selflessly adv.无私地；忘我地 ‎10．legal adj.法律的；依照法律的→illegal adj.(反义词)非法的，违法的 ‎11．fair adj.公正的；公平的→unfair adj.(反义词)不公正的；不公平的 ‎12．willing adj.乐意的；自愿的→unwilling adj.(反义词)不情愿的；不乐意的 ‎13．hope v．希望；期待 n．希望；期望→hopeless adj.绝望的→hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的→hopefully adv.有希望地；有前途地 ‎1.表示“人物特点”的形容词全扫描 ‎①generous　　　　　 慷慨的 ‎②mean 吝啬的 ‎③devoted 忠实的 ‎④easygoing 随和的 ‎⑤warmhearted 热心肠的 ‎⑥enthusiastic 充满热情的 ‎2.“n.＋ful→adj.”荟萃 ‎①peace→peaceful　　　　 和平的 23‎ ‎②pain→painful 痛苦的 ‎③harm→harmful 有害的 ‎④power→powerful 强大的 ‎⑤meaning→meaningful 有意义的 ‎⑥cheer→cheerful 欢乐的 ‎3.百年大计，“教育”为本 ‎①educate vt.　　　 教育；训练 ‎②education n. 教育 ‎③instruct vt. 指导；教授 ‎④drill v. 训练；练习 ‎⑤train vt. 训练；培养 ‎⑥bring up 养育；教育 ‎(二)重点短语——记牢用活 ‎1．out__of__work　　　　　　　　 失业 ‎2．as__a__matter__of__fact 事实上 ‎3．blow__up 使充气；爆炸 ‎4．in__trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、‎ ‎ 忧虑等的处境中 ‎5．turn__to 求助于；致力于 ‎6．lose__heart 丧失勇气或信心 ‎7．come__to__power 当权；上台 ‎8．set__up 设立；建立 ‎9．be__sentenced__to 被判处……(徒刑)‎ ‎10．be__willing__to__do__sth. 愿意做某事 ‎11． fight__for 为……而战 ‎12．in__one’s__opinion/view 在某人看来 ‎1.“out of ＋n.”短语集锦 ‎①out of work　　　　　　 失业 ‎②out of control 失控 ‎③out of mind 心不在焉 ‎④out of order 有毛病；出故障 ‎⑤out of sight 看不见 23‎ ‎2.“in＋n.”短语面面观 ‎①in trouble　　　　　　　　　 在危险、受罚等处境中 ‎②in danger 处于危险中 ‎③in return 作为回报 ‎④in vain 徒劳地 ‎ ‎⑤in order 井然有序 ‎ ‎⑥in place 在适当的位置 ‎(三)重点句式——背熟巧用 句型公式 教材原句 句型1：this is/was a time when...这是一个……的时期 However, this__was__a__time__when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.‎ 然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。‎ 句型2：拟人修辞法；where引导的定语从句修饰表示抽象概念的名词 The__last__thirty__years__have__seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a__stage__where we have almost no rights at all.　过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。‎ 句型3：only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装 ‎...only__then__did__we__decide to answer violence with violence.‎ ‎……只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。‎ 句型4：the first time 意为“第一次……”，引导时间状语从句 I felt bad the__first__time__I__talked__to__a__group.‎ 第一次给旅行团作讲解时， 我的心情很不好。‎ 二、语境强化训练 Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式 ‎1．Glad to learn that you are coming to China for a visit, I am willing(乐意的) to recommend some historic sites that may interest you.‎ ‎2．(2019·江苏卷)At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence(暴力) far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.‎ ‎3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality(质量)．‎ ‎4．Thanks to your generous(慷慨的) help, I do believe that I will have a better 23‎ ‎ understanding of your country and culture.‎ ‎5．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)We are confident that we can win this competition.But we sincerely hope you will give us your guidance(guide) and encouragement. ‎ ‎6．In terms of this matter，I’d like to listen to other different opinions(opinion)．‎ Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义 ‎1．(2019·北京卷七选五)Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.原则 ‎2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)I was the queen of the playground.Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids.刻薄的 ‎3．(2019·江苏卷任务型阅读)The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and had a relatively small head.相对地 ‎4．(安徽卷阅读D)Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs.无私的 Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The old teacher devoted all his life to educating his devoted students and he was admired for his devotion to the education cause.(devote)‎ ‎2．All men are born equal,__so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal)‎ ‎3．On the whole, people who are well educated can find jobs easier than those without a good education．(educate)‎ ‎4．As far as I’m concerned, it does serious harm to children’s character that too much violence is shown on television.What’s worse, violence on TV makes people behave violently．(violent)‎ ‎5．Everyone likes to live in peace,__but it seems that the world is always not peaceful．(peace)‎ Ⅳ.选词成篇 lose heart; set up; be sentenced to; come to power; devote one’s life to; fight for; blow up; in trouble Nelson Mandela 1.devoted__his__life__to realizing the dream that people with different colors should be equal. He worked as an educated lawyer to offer legal ‎ 23‎ guidance to the poor black people 2.in__trouble or out of work. He 3.set__up a law office to offer guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. He believed that all people are born equal and should be treated equally, so every one shouldn’t 4.lose__heart. One day, one of his supporters helped him 5.blow__up the government buildings to 6.fight__for their rights. In 1962, he 7.was__sentenced__to prison for life on Robben Island until 1990.With his continuous efforts he 8.came__to__power__as president in 1994. Also he was rewarded with the Nobel Peace Prize.‎ Ⅴ.完成句子 ‎1．我们到了这样一个阶段：为了挽救我们自己，我们必须采取有效措施来保护环境。‎ We have__reached__a__stage__where we must take effective measures to protect the environment so as to save ourselves.‎ ‎2．过去七十年我们国家已经在很多领域发生了巨大的变化。‎ The last seventy years have__seen__great__changes in many fields in our country.‎ ‎3．这是一个我们中国人既有许多挑战又有机遇的时期。‎ This__is__a__time__when we Chinese have both a great many challenges and opportunities.‎ ‎4．第一次比赛失败，我们都感到很沮丧，因为我们都全身心地为此做了充分准备。‎ The__first__time__we__lost__the__match,__we all felt very depressed, because we had all been devoted to making full preparations for it.‎ ‎5．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)只有你来中国的时候你才能体验中国的饮食文化。‎ Only when you come to China can__you__experience__Chinese__food__culture．‎ ‎ devote　vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2019·浙江卷6月应用文写作)I still remember what you have devoted to improving(improve) my oral English and writing skills.‎ ‎②We have learned a great deal from her devotion(devote) to her work and her willingness to help others.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 他致力于社区活动，被周围的人赞美。(devote) ‎ ‎③(普通表达)He devoted__himself__to community activities and was praised by the 23‎ ‎ people around.‎ ‎④(高级表达)Devoting__himself__to community activities, he was praised by the people around.(现在分词作状语)‎ ‎⑤(高级表达)Devoted__to community activities, he was praised by the people around.(过去分词作状语)‎ ‎ ‎(1)devote...to...　　 把……奉献给……；专注于……‎ devote oneself to 致力于；献身于 ‎(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的 be devoted to 专心于；致力于 ‎(3)devotion n. 奉献；献身；忠诚　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] With the college entrance examination approaching, you must devote your attention to your study.‎ 随着高考的临近，你必须将注意力投入到学习中。‎ ‎[名师点津] devote...to...中的to是介词，其后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。to为介词的短语还有：adapt...to...；addict...to...；adjust...to...；apply...to...；attach...to...‎ ‎ equal　v．等于；抵得上　adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的　n．同等的人；相等的物 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ‎①I don’t think he is equal to doing(do) this kind of work, so I can’t hire him.‎ ‎②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Your personal circumstances are equally(equal) important. ‎ ‎③In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have__no__equal(无人可比)．‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 ‎(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)尽管年轻，但我胜任这个志愿者工作。‎ ‎④Young as I am, I am__equal__to__the__volunteer__work．(equal)‎ ‎⑤Although I am young, I am__fit__for__the__volunteer__work．(fit)‎ ‎⑥Young as I am, I am__qualified__for__the__volunteer__work．(qualified)‎ ‎ ‎(1)be equal to (doing) sth. 等于/胜任(做)某事 A equal(s) B in... A在……方面比得 ‎ 上B/与B相匹敌 have no equal 无人可比，无可匹敌 23‎ ‎(2)equality n. 平等 equally adv. 相等地；同等地　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] You should be positive and cheerful, for your mental health is equal to your physical health.　你应该积极向上和开心，因为你的心理健康和身体健康同等重要。‎ ‎ escape　vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；避开　n．逃跑；逃走 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义 ‎①He narrowly escaped being__killed(kill) in the traffic accident the other day.‎ ‎②Compared with the escaped(escape) driver, I am proud of what I did.‎ ‎③It was owing to my ignorance that his name escaped me.被遗忘 ‎[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 ‎④(普通表达)The woman managed to escape__from__the__fire(逃离火灾) with her baby.She was extremely terrified and exhausted.‎ ‎⑤(高级表达)The woman managed to escape__from__the__fire__with__her__baby,__extremely__terrified__and__exhausted. (形容词作状语)‎ ‎(1)escape (doing) sth.　 　　 逃避(做)某事 escape from... 从……逃脱；逃避 escape one’s attention/notice 逃过某人的注意 ‎(2)a narrow escape 九死一生 ‎(3)escaped adj. 逃跑了的　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Last year I had a narrow escape，so I don’t want to risk my life a second time.‎ 去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。‎ ‎[名师点津] “不一样的”忘记，遗忘：‎ ‎(1)sth. escapes(s) sb.　　　　 某人遗忘某事 ‎(2)sb. forget(s) sth. 某人忘记某事 ‎ reward　n．报酬；奖金　vt.酬劳；奖赏 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai was__rewarded(reward) with a beautiful view.‎ ‎②(2018·北京卷)Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and ‎ 23‎ rewarding(reward) experience.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 我乐意带你游玩北京以报答你的慷慨相助。(reward)‎ ‎③I’m more than willing to show you around Beijing in__reward__for__your__generous__help．‎ ‎④I’m more than willing to show you around Beijing as__a__reward__for__your__generous__help．‎ ‎(1)as a reward for　 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏 in reward for 为酬谢……；作为……的奖励 ‎(2)reward sb.for sth. 因某事而奖赏某人 reward sb.with sth. 用某物回报某人 be rewarded with 得到……奖赏 ‎(3)rewarding adj. 值得的；有益的；有意义的　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.　这些学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的努力最终会得到回报。‎ ‎ in trouble　在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中；有麻烦 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.‎ ‎②(2018·天津卷)If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering(answer) these questions.‎ ‎③Thanks for the trouble you have taken to__help (help) us.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎④众所周知，如果我们陷入困境，是朋友而不是手机可以真正地帮助我们摆脱困境。‎ As is known to us all, if__we__are__in__trouble,__it is not our phones but our friends that can really help us out.‎ ask for trouble　 自找麻烦；自讨苦吃 get into trouble 陷入困境；惹麻烦 have trouble (in) doing sth./with sth.‎ ‎ 在(做)某事方面有困难/麻烦 take the trouble to do sth.‎ 23‎ ‎ 不辞辛苦做某事　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] He is a loving father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her not to lose heart when she was in trouble.‎ 他是一位慈爱的父亲，他严格要求女儿，鼓励她处境困难时不要灰心丧气。(2017·天津卷)‎ ‎ turn to　求助于；致力于；开始从事；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向 ‎[一词多义]——写出下列句中turn to的含义 ‎①(全国卷Ⅲ)At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help.求助于 ‎②After he left university he became a teacher, but later turned to journalism.开始从事 ‎③You shouldn’t always turn to the dictionary when you meet new words in reading.查阅 ‎④Follow the main road until it branches and then turn to the left.转向 ‎[能力提升]——词汇升级 ‎⑤(普通表达)When you are in trouble, you can ask me for help.‎ ‎(高级表达)When you are in trouble, you can turn__to me for help.‎ turn down　　　　 关小；拒绝 turn away 避开；解雇；不准……入内 turn up 出现；露面；调大 turn out 证明是；结果是；赶走；生产 turn over 打翻；翻身；移交　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] ①Much to our surprise, the video turned out to be well received.　使我们非常吃惊的是视频结果是受到好评。(2017·北京卷书面表达)‎ ‎②With no one to turn to in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.‎ 在这种可怕的情况下没有人可以求助，她感到很无助。‎ ‎ lose heart　丧失勇气或信心；灰心；泄气 ‎[基础练习]——用heart的相关短语填空 ‎①Our Party was founded in 1921, since when she has been serving the people heart__and__soul．‎ ‎②As little boys and girls have a very good memory，they can learn a lot of English words by__heart．‎ 23‎ ‎③As an old saying goes，“Nothing is too hard if you put__your__heart__into it.”‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎④无论我们在日常生活中遇到多大的挑战，我们都不应该失去信心。‎ Whatever great challenges we meet in our daily life，we__should__not__lose__heart．‎ ‎(1)put one’s heart into　　　　 一心扑在……上 learn sth.by heart 背诵；牢记……‎ strike...into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心 ‎(2)heart and soul 全心全意地 ‎[佳句背诵] John studies very hard and never loses heart in face of difficulties.‎ 约翰学习很努力，面对困难从来不灰心丧气。 ‎ ‎[名师点津] ‎ lose one’s heart to爱上 ‎ 拟人修辞法；where引导定语从句修饰表示抽象概念的名词 ‎(教材P34)The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.‎ 过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2018·北京卷书面表达)The tea house witnessed(witness) a really enjoyable time.‎ ‎②(2019·天津卷)Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.‎ ‎③It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.‎ ‎[能力提升]——句式升级 ‎④(普通表达)Today，we’ll discuss a number of cases.Beginners of English fail to use the language properly in the cases.‎ ‎(高级表达)Today，we’ll discuss a number of cases where/in__which__beginners__of__English__fail__to__use__the__language__properly. ‎ 23‎ ‎(定语从句)‎ ‎(1)see, witness常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。‎ ‎(2)当先行词是stage, point, case, situation, position, job, business, scene等表示抽象地点的名词，并且定语从句缺状语时，常用关系副词where来引导定语从句，相当于in which。　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] ①The last thirty years have witnessed a large number of laws guaranteeing our rights.‎ 过去的三十年目睹了许多法律保证我们的权利。‎ ‎②Now their peace talks have reached a key stage where one side must give in to the other.‎ 现在他们的和平会谈到了一个关键阶段，双方彼此必须相互妥协。‎ ‎ only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装 ‎(教材P34)．..only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.‎ ‎……只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。 ‎ ‎[基础练习]——完成句子 ‎①Only then did__I__realize(我才意识到) that it was foolish of me to break away from all of my friends and never contact them.‎ ‎[能力提升]——句式升级 ‎②(普通表达)I realized knowledge is valuable only when I had another failure in my jobseeking.‎ ‎(高级表达)Only when I had another failure in my jobseeking did__I__realize__knowledge__is__valuable．(倒装)‎ only置于句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装。　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Only when I won the first prize in the spoken English contest did I realize it was important to have a good command of spoken English.‎ 只有当我在英语口语比赛中获得一等奖时我才意识到精通英语口语的重要性。(2018·浙江卷6月应用文写作)‎ ‎[名师点津] only置于句首修饰主语时不用倒装。 ‎ ‎ the first time意为“第一次……”，引导时间状语从句 ‎(教材P38)I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.‎ 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。‎ 23‎ ‎[基础练习]——完成句子 ‎①(浙江卷)Every__time__he__arrived__home(每次他回到家) at the end of the day, we’d greet him at the door.‎ ‎②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The__first__time__I__went__there(我第一次去那里时), they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and other animals.‎ ‎③(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the__last__time__you__visited__our__school(你上次来我们学校的时候)．‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 我第一次在会议厅演讲时非常紧张。‎ ‎④I was very nervous the__first__time I gave a speech in the meeting hall.‎ ‎⑤I was very nervous when I gave a speech for__the__first__time in the meeting hall.‎ ‎(1)each/every time　　　 每次……的时候 next time 下次……时 the last time 上次……时 ‎(2) 　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] I still remember that the first time we met at school, you were reading in the classroom.‎ 我仍旧记得我们在学校第一次见面时，你正在教室里读书。‎ ‎[名师点津] ‎ ‎(1)the first time表示“第一次”，在句中可作宾语、表语，还可以用作连词，引导时间状语从句；‎ ‎(2)for the first time表示“第一次”，独立作状语，不引导从句。‎ Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)‎ ‎1．(2019·北京卷)For many students，Wilson’s help is not only appreciated，it’s also entirely necessary for them to be able to complete their college education(educate)．‎ ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Our school has__witnessed(witness) great changes in the last few years.‎ ‎3．(2020·青岛适应性测试)Maggie thought it was unfair(fair) that women were not 23‎ ‎ allowed to receive education.‎ ‎4．So far, a committee has__been__set(set) up to organize social events in the college.‎ ‎5．Under the guidance(guide) of the teacher, students can engage themselves in extensive reading and research.‎ ‎6．Tsinghua University, founded(found) in 1911, is one of the best universities in China.‎ Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)‎ ‎1．In my view, she is injured so that she is not equal to making(make) a long journey.‎ ‎2．Parents should pay attention to the cases where their children have difficulty adapting to new surroundings.‎ ‎3．He is a man who is active in social activities, and he is willing to__do(do) public service work now and then.‎ ‎4．My father is a tall, handsome, and successful man who devotes(devote) all his time to his work and our family.‎ ‎5．Mandela was sentenced to five years’ hard labour for encouraging violence against antiblack laws.‎ Ⅲ.易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)‎ ‎1．He often lent me a hand when I was in trouble，to which I was grateful.to→for ‎2．As far as I know，he has been out of the work for several months.删除the ‎3．I fell in love with the city for the first time I visited it.删除for ‎4．Hopeful, I’ll be able to stay at home for three weeks this time.Hopeful→Hopefully ‎5．This position is equal suitable for a schoolleaver or for somebody who has work experience.equal→equally Ⅳ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)‎ ‎1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized.n.休息；解脱 ‎2．Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment.vt.被遗忘 ‎3．Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.vt.等于；抵得上 23‎ 提能一　语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)‎ ‎(一)‎ The first time I heard of Stephen Hawking, I was moved by his 1.devotion(devote) to the research.As for his daily life, he was 2.in great trouble. For example, only when he turned 3.to the computer was it possible for him to speak, read and write.However, he devoted 4.himself(he) to the study of science and his contributions to the world had no equal.‎ ‎(二)‎ We have reached a stage 1.where we must take effective measures to protect the environment from going bad to worse.Now, anyone who does harm to our environment won’t escape 2.being__punished(punish)．And the past few months 3.have__witnessed(witness) changes in the environment.The air quality, 4.as is shown in the report, has improved gradually.‎ ‎(三)‎ Whenever I am in trouble, I turn to my English teacher 1.for help.He is very generous 2.with his time, for which I am very grateful.In his opinion, only when one doesn’t lose heart and be 3.hopeful(hope) about the future can he achieve great success.Thanks to his 4.selfless(self) help and encouragement, the last two years have seen my progress both academically and mentally.‎ 提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)‎ 假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：①该人物是谁；②该人物的主要贡献；③该人物对你的影响。‎ ‎1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)‎ ‎①我第一次读到关于张衡的文章，就被感动了，他是中国古代一个伟大的天文学家和发明家。(定语从句)‎ The first time I read about Zhang Heng, who__was__a__great__astronomer__and__inventor__in__ancient__China,__I was touched.‎ ‎②他一生致力于科学研究和发明，包括著名的地震仪。‎ During his life time, he__devoted__himself__to__scientific__research__and__inventions,__including the famous seismograph.‎ 23‎ ‎③事实上，他第一次介绍地震仪时被嘲笑了。‎ As__a__matter__of__fact,__he got laughed at when first introducing his seismograph.‎ ‎④他从未失去信心并继续研究。‎ He__never__lost__heart__but__went__on__with__his__research.‎ ‎⑤他深信只有他相信自己时，他才能胜任做任何事情。‎ He was convinced that he__was__equal__to__doing__anything only when he believed in himself.‎ ‎⑥他对科学的贡献是无法回报的。‎ Nothing could reward__his__contributions__to__science．‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎⑦用倒装句升级句⑤‎ He__was__convinced__that__only__when__he__believed__in__himself__was__he__equal__to__doing__anything.‎ ‎3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：however, above all, in my opinion)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Dear Jim，‎ The first time I read about Zhang Heng, who was a great astronomer and inventor in ancient China, I was touched.‎ During his life time, he devoted himself to scientific research and inventions, including the famous seismograph. As a matter of fact, he got laughed at when first introducing his seismograph. However, he never lost heart but went on with his research. Above all, he was convinced that only when he believed in himself was he equal to doing anything. In my opinion, nothing could reward his contributions to science.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 23‎ ‎(建议用时：35分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·湖北四地七校联考)British chemist David Evans has become an overnight celebrity on Chinese social media. His chemistry experiments have attracted over 2 million followers in just a few months. Evans is a chemistry professor at Beijing University of Chemical Technology. The 60yearold always wears a white lab coat, a pair of safety goggles(护目镜), and smiles often. Some web users say he looks just like “the Grandpa of KFC”．‎ Evans has posted videos of various experiments. His most popular experiments have attracted millions of hits on videosharing apps. Excited children’s cheers and shouts can be heard in his videos.“I hope my experiments can arouse people’s interest in science，” he says.‎ Evans has been interested in China since childhood. In the early 1970s, before the reform and openingup, he viewed China as “a country full of mysteries”. He first visited the Chinese mainland in 1987 to attend a chemistry conference in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. He quit his job in the United Kingdom and moved to Beijing in 1996. Many of his friends thought he was crazy. But Evans said they just saw China’s challenges but not its potential.‎ Since 2011, Evans has turned to the Internet to popularize science. He learned shortvideo apps are also popular in small cities and rural areas. And he realized this enables him to reach more students, who lack opportunities to perform fun experiments. But even a oneminute video requires a considerable amount of work. Still, he thinks it’s worth it to fulfill his responsibility to popularize science.‎ His experiments always fill schools’ lecture halls with laughter. Some viewers call him “a Harry Potterlike magician”， but he disagrees.“A magician never tells the secrets behind his tricks, but a scientist always gives an explanation.” He sees himself as a teacher. He performs experiments to spread knowledge, inspire thinking, remove misunderstandings and show that science can create change. Evans says he looks forward to more “chemical reactions” with China.‎ 23‎ ‎【解题导语】　文章介绍了一位移居中国的英国化学家戴维·埃文斯在中国通过短视频普及科学知识的事迹。‎ ‎1．Who is David Evans according to the passage?‎ A．A manager of KFC.　　　 B．A film celebrity.‎ C．A chemistry teacher. D．A British magician.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Evans is a chemistry professor at Beijing University of Chemical Technology.”可知，埃文斯是北京化工大学的一名化学教授，故选C项。‎ ‎2．What can we learn from paragraph 3?‎ A．Evans considered the U．K. to be a country full of mysteries.‎ B．Evans first visited the Chinese mainland in the 1970s.‎ C．Evans was in no mood to move to Beijing.‎ D．Evans attended a chemistry conference in China in 1987.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“He first visited the Chinese mainland in 1987 to attend a chemistry conference in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province.”可知，埃文斯第一次访问中国大陆是在1987年，当时他去江苏省南京市参加了一个化学会议，故选D项。‎ ‎3．Why did Evans begin to post videos of experiments on the Internet?‎ A．To popularize science. ‎ B．To rise to fame.‎ C．To apply shortvideo apps. ‎ D．To make a fortune.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Still, he thinks it’s worth it to fulfill his responsibility to popularize science.”可知，尽管制作一个一分钟的视频都需要相当大的工作量，埃文斯仍然认为履行推广科学的责任是值得的，故选A项。‎ ‎4．What can we infer from the passage?‎ A．Evans knows exactly how a magic works.‎ B．Evans will continue to post videos of experiments in China.‎ C．Evans’ students like to interrupt his experiments with laughter.‎ D．Evans’ friends admired his decision to move to China.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Evans says he looks forward to more ‘chemical reactions’ with China.”可知，埃文斯期待与中国进行更多的“化学反应”，故可推断出埃文斯将继续在中国发布实验视频，故选B项。‎ B ‎(2020·成都毕业班摸底)Please take a few seconds and think ‎ 23‎ of your personal biggest goal. Imagine telling someone you meet today what you’re going to do. Imagine their congratulations and their high image of you. Doesn’t it feel good to say it out loud? Don’t you feel one step closer already? Well, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut, because that good feeling will make you less likely to do it.‎ Any time you have a goal, there is some work that needs to be done to achieve it. Ideally, you would not be satisfied until you’d actually done the work. But when you tell someone your goal and he acknowledges(承认) it, psychologists have found it’s called a “social__reality”. The mind is kind of tricked into a feeling that it’s already done. And then, because you’ve felt that satisfaction, you’re less motivated to do the actual and necessary hard work. This goes against the traditional wisdom that we should tell our friends our goals, right?‎ In 1982, Peter Gollwitzer, a professor of psychology, wrote a whole book about this. And in 2009, he did some new tests that were published. It goes like this：163 people across four separate tests—everyone wrote down their personal goal. Then half of them announced their commitment(承诺) to this goal to the room, and half didn’t. Then everyone was given 45 minutes of work that would directly lead them towards their goal, but they were told that they could stop at any time. Finally those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal. But those who had announced it quit after only 33 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said that they felt much closer to achieving their goal.‎ ‎【解题导语】　实现一个目标需要做一些工作，试验表明，在实现目标之前就告诉别人你的目标并得到别人的认可，则有可能使你感到满意，陷入目标已完成的错觉，从而动力减少，不能很好地去工作。而在实现目标之前没有说出目标则会使你工作更努力。‎ ‎5．What do the words “social reality” in paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．Completion of the goal.‎ B．Necessary hard work.‎ C．People’s acknowledgement.‎ D．A sense of satisfaction.‎ A　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词组后一句“The mind is kind of tricked into a feeling that it’s already done.”并结合画线词组所在句可推知，social reality在此处意为“目标的完成”。‎ ‎6．What does Peter Gollwitzer try to tell us?‎ 23‎ A．Writing down the goal is very helpful.‎ B．Achieving personal goal needs more time.‎ C．Keeping the goal secret makes people work harder.‎ D．Making the goal public makes people less satisfied.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句“Finally those who kept their mouths shut...to achieving their goal.”可知，Peter Gollwitzer想告诉我们：没有说出目标的人工作时间更长，工作更努力。‎ ‎7．How did Peter Gollwitzer prove his idea about people’s goal?‎ A．By giving figures.‎ B．By giving examples.‎ C．By making a survey.‎ D．By making comparison tests.‎ D　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，Peter Gollwitzer把所测试的对象分成两部分，一半说出自己的目标，一半没有说出目标，每个人都给了45分钟，他们可以随时停止。试验表明，没有说出目标的人平均工作了45分钟，而说出目标的人平均工作了33分钟。由此可知，Peter Gollwitzer是通过进行比较测试来证明他的观点的，故选D。‎ ‎8．What will probably happen if you tell your friends your goal?‎ A．You will be more confident.‎ B．You will not gain satisfaction.‎ C．You are less likely to realize it.‎ D．You’ll be much more motivated.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是最后一句中的“because that good feeling will make you less likely to do it”可推知，如果你把目标告诉你的朋友，你就不太可能会实现目标，故选C。‎ ‎【难句分析】　Finally those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal.‎ 分析：本句主句主语是those，谓语是worked, said。who kept their mouths shut是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those; when asked afterwards是时间状语从句的省略形式；they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal是省略了that的宾语从句，作said的宾语。‎ 译文：最终，那些保持沉默的人平均工作了整整45分钟，当后来被问到时，他们说他们觉得要实现目标还有很长的路要走。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 23‎ ‎(2020·陕西部分学校摸底)As we all know, health is more important than wealth. Almost all the people value health most.1.________ There are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape: eat right food, get enough sleep, and exercise on a regular basis.‎ ‎2．________Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind of “fuel”. Don’t eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat. Instead, take in plenty of foods high in protein(蛋白质), like meat, fish, eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins and minerals.‎ Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don’t get enough sleep, you feel tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little amount of sleep may even result in a change of character. Be sure to allow yourself seven to nine hours of sleep each night.3.________‎ Finally, get plenty of exercise. 4.________ It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably live longer. 5.________ Basketball, swimming, bicycling, running are good examples. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting.‎ If you follow the tips above, you will probably live to be much older and wiser.‎ A．Proper nutrition is important for good health.‎ B．The body needs proper care in order to be healthy.‎ C．Eating a balanced diet helps to make your mind active.‎ D．It is beneficial to your health to take exercise every day.‎ E．Then your body will feel strong and your mind will be sharp.‎ F．Most sports are very good for keeping the body in good shape.‎ G．It makes the body strong and prevents you from putting on weight.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文开头指出“健康比财富更重要”，接着分别从饮食、睡眠、锻炼这三个方面给我们做出了保持健康的指导。‎ ‎1．B　解析：本空承上启下，引出文章的主题，故B项符合语境。‎ ‎2．A　解析：根据文章结构和空处所在位置可知，此空为段落主题句。根据本段内容，尤其是“foods high in protein(蛋白质)”和“vitamins and minerals”可知，本段主要讲适当的营养对保持健康的重要性。故答案选A。‎ ‎3．E　解析：空前一句是说确保七到九个小时的睡眠，故E项“然后你的身体将会强壮，你的思维将会敏锐”承接上文，符合语境。‎ ‎4．G　解析：根据空后的“It also improves your heart and lungs.”可知，空处应该也是叙述锻炼身体的具体好处，故G项符合语境。‎ 23‎ ‎5．F　解析：根据该段主题句中的“get plenty of exercise”和空后一句列举的多种运动方式，以及下文中的“Sports”可知，F项符合语境。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 I can well remember that I was once asked to deliver a speech titled “A Real Test in My Life” before the whole class at the age of 9! You can imagine how 1.____________(terrible) shy I was with so many eyes fixed on me. I had no choice but 2.____________(prepare) for it, though. First of all, I was to draft the speech, 3.____________ was just a piece of cake for me, a good writer. But the hardest part 4.____________(lie) in my oral presentation from my memory—for it 5.____________(forbid) to read from the paper. The real moment began when I stood on the platform with my legs 6.____________(tremble) and my mind blank. But my listeners were waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me. Gradually I found 7.__________ back, delivering my speech without difficulty. After 8.__________ seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding—I made it! From then on, my fear of talking before the audience disappeared. Actually with my 9.____________(confident) built up, I now turn out to be a great speaker. Looking back, I know the 10.____________(great) difficulty on my way to success is my fear. Overcome it and I will be able to achieve my goals.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了作者通过一次演讲克服了自己的恐惧心理，增强了自信。‎ ‎1．terribly　解析：考查副词。修饰形容词一般用副词，故用副词terribly修饰形容词shy，在句中作状语。‎ ‎2．to prepare　解析：考查非谓语动词。have no choice but to do sth.为固定用法，意为“除了做某事，别无选择”，符合语境，故此处用不定式形式。‎ ‎3．which　解析：考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，指代“to draft the speech”，故填which。‎ ‎4．lay　解析：考查动词的时态。根据上文中的“was”可知，文中描述的事情发生在过去，故此处用动词的过去式，故填lay。‎ ‎5．was forbidden　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。forbid和句子的形式主语it之间是被动关系，且事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎6．trembling　解析：考查with复合结构。“with＋宾语(名词或代词)＋宾补”为独立主格结构。此处my legs和tremble构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。‎ ‎7．myself　解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“我发现我自己恢复原状”，应为“found myself back”，故填反身代词myself。‎ ‎8．what　解析：考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句 23‎ ‎，在从句中作主语，表示“……的东西”，故用what引导该宾语从句。‎ ‎9．confidence　解析：考查词性转换。由空前的形容词性物主代词my可知，此处用名词形式，故填confidence。‎ ‎10．greatest　解析：考查形容词最高级。根据语境和空前的定冠词the以及空后的名词difficulty可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式，故填greatest。‎ 23‎