山东省烟台市2020届高三英语高考适应性练习（一）试题（Word版附答案） 12页

2020 年高考适应性练习（一） 英 语 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如 需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。 写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，只交答题卡。 第一部分 阅读 （共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Long Island’s hiking routes offer an escape for family time or your own mental or physical health. There’s lots to see, so open your senses because it’s a relaxing thing to do in a stressful time. Sagamore Hill, Oyster Bay Walk along the same path that President Theodore Roosevelt walked with his family and guests. Sagamore Hill, now a national park, was once the summer home of the 26th president. The expansive property has a nature path through thick woodlands where hikers can walk over a little bridge over a stream. It’s a short, three-quarter-mile path through oak and tulip trees. INFO: Open sunrise to sunset daily year-round; free; 516-922-4788. Blydenburgh County Park, Hauppauge The east side of the park is flat, making the walk very kid-friendly. The west side is a bit more hilly, but both have splendid water views of the pond. On the east side is also the rowboat area and benches, as well as picnic tables. When you’re at Blydenburgh County Park, go in the north entrance off Route 347, where the main office of the Greenbelt Trail Conference is situated. The office, also the start of the routes, provides information and maps. INFO: Dawn to dusk; 631-854-3712. No fee collected from the main gate in the fall and winter. Tackapausha Preserve, Seaford The preserve has self-guided routes for the public and is a fun walk for kids with a stop at the museum to complete the visit. Guided walks at the museum are available with advance reservations for organizations and school groups. The paths are flat, well-maintained and clearly marked, with a pond with bridges and a waterfall along the way. It’s a great place to bring your family to bird watch, enjoy animals and connect with nature. INFO: Free and open sunrise to sunset; 516-571-7443. 1. What is Sagamore Hill probably famous for? A. A nature path. B. A little bridge. C. The thick woodlands. D. A president’s summer home. 2. What do Blydenburgh County Park and Tackapausha Preserve have in common? A. They are free. B. They have water views. C. They have picnic service. D. They favor the elderly. 3. What should a group of students do for a better visit to the museum in Tackapausha Preserve? A. Book guided walks. B. Take a new route. C. Make additional payment. D. Consult museum guides. B A shark that walks in water instead of swimming might sound like a creature straight out of science fiction. However, that is precisely how the fish—found in the waters off Northern Australia—moves across the seafloor. The unique ocean animals were discovered by a team of scientists led by Dr. Christine Dudgeon from Australia’s University of Queensland during a 12-year global conservation study. The newly-found sharks have evolved (进化) to survive in low oxygen environments, enabling them to hunt during low tides. The researchers believe their ability to use their fins (鳍) to walk affords the sharks a remarkable edge over the smaller animals they try to hunt. “While they are super hunters in their shallow habitat, the tiny sharks present no threat to people,” says Dudgeon. “At less than a meter long on average, they’re incredibly cute little animals that do not look like sharks at all,” she adds. A DNA analysis of skin samples from the live fish suggests that walking sharks broke away from their original population and became a distinct species about nine million years ago. Though that may appear to be a long time ago, it is relatively recent given that sharks have been around for more than 400 million years. In fact, Dudgeon and her team believe walking sharks are the youngest kind of sharks on Earth! The researchers say that the sharks’ small numbers and shallow habitat make them extremely vulnerable (易受伤害 ) to natural disasters and overfishing. They are currently on the Nature Red List, which lists species at risk. Dudgeon and her team believe sensible conservation management plans are urgently needed to protect the walking sharks and other endangered animals from further threats. 4. What is the most noticeable feature of the newly-found sharks? A. They are cute and harmless to humans. B. They can survive in their shallow habitat. C. They walk on their fins across the seafloor. D. They are the youngest kind of sharks on Earth. 5. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The evolution of the sharks. B. The behavior of the sharks. C. The population of the sharks. D. The DNA samples of the sharks. 6. What should be done without delay according to Dudgeon and her team? A. Adjusting the methods of fishing. B. Putting the sharks on the Nature Red List. C. Changing the sharks’ living environments. D. Adopting necessary measures to protect the sharks. 7. In which column of a website can we read the text? A. Environment. B. Nature. C. Education. D. Geography. C The Tokyo Summer Olympics is going green. The 5,000 medals Japan has made are more special than most. One novel focus of the Tokyo Olympics is to be “sustainable”—to avoid using too many natural resources, so that the games are easy on the environment. As part of this goal, the organizers decided to make all of the Olympic medals out of metal recycled from old electronics. Almost all electronics are made with small amounts of “precious metals”, like gold and silver. But collecting enough of these metals to make 5,000 medals was a huge challenge. That’s because the amount of metal in each device is tiny. It would take about 20,000 cell phones to get just 1 kilogram of gold. Beginning in April 2017, the organizers placed collection boxes around the country, and asked people to turn in their old electronic devices. Soon people began to respond to the initiative, turning in smartphones, digital cameras, handheld games, and laptops. At first, collection went slowly, but soon more and more areas began to take part. By the end, 1,621 local governments had helped out with the collection process. Then came the job of breaking those devices down into smaller pieces. After being taken apart and sorted, the small electronics were smelted (熔炼) to get all the gold, silver, and bronze elements. This is a tricky job, which calls for careful attention and good skill. It’s also dangerous, because some of the metals and other things aren’t safe for people to touch or breathe. By the end of March, 2019, the organizers had hit their targets of getting enough metal for the medals. They had collected around 32 kilograms of gold, 4,100 kilograms of silver and 2,200 kilograms of bronze. And now all the 5,000 medals are available for the would-be winners. 8. What can we know about the Tokyo Olympics medals? A. They are hugely valuable. B. They are of high quality. C. They are designed uniquely. D. They are made from e-waste. 9. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A. The difficulty of making the medals. B. The process of collecting old electronics. C. The initiative to recycle used smartphones. D. The classification of the collected devices. 10. The underlined word “tricky” in Paragraph 5 means “ _______”. A. creative B. well-paid C. demanding D. time-consuming 11. What’s the purpose of Tokyo’s way of making the medals? A. To advocate sustainable use of resources. B. To promote the spirit of Olympic Games. C. To introduce a new technique to make medals. D. To call people’s attention to environmental damage. D Over the last 25 years, psychologists have found that personalities center on five basic traits (特 性 )—the Big Five: agreeableness, conscientiousness ( 责 任 心 ), neuroticism, extroversion and openness. Contrary to common belief, people just aren’t organized into certain personality types. Every trait is a continuous dimension and everyone can be described as having varying levels of each trait. A new research has also found animals from ants to apes all have the Big Five and that the universality of personality points to an evolutionary (进化) origin. Animals and humans have common problems of survival, which are spelled out beautifully in the Big Five, and that’s why there’s so much continuity in human personality and animal personality. For example, conscientiousness involves behaviors like planning and consideration, which are important among animals for taking care of their young, selecting mates and living in groups. Being neat and orderly—aspects of conscientiousness—also has evolutionary superiority. Bees that like to keep clean and remove more dead group members reduce risk of disease, gain more weight and reproduce more. Spiders that make tidy webs catch more insects. Birds that build neater and solider nests attract more mates. These behaviors may seem primitive, but they’re nevertheless indications of personality. Personality is the expression of all of the behaviors that humans and animals exhibit that allow them to function adaptively in the world. Evolution can also explain why personalities vary so much. Depending on the situation, each of the Big Five can be advantageous. For example, agreeableness is great for relationships. But if a lion were charging at you, you’d be better off with a less agreeable and more aggressive personality. Because the world is so unpredictable, every aspect of each personality trait could be useful at different times, so instead of evolving a single type of personality that’s best for every situation, we’re left with a wide variety. 12. What do people generally think about personality types? A. Different personality types have respective strengths. B. Everyone falls into a particular personality type. C. People with common personality types gather. D. Everyone has mixed personality types. 13. What’s the purpose of mentioning some animals in Paragraph 2? A. To illustrate the advantages of being conscientious. B. To analyze survival chances of cooperative animals. C. To explain why they are tidy and orderly. D. To throw new light on their behavior. 14. Why do we display a certain personality in a specific situation? A. To be free of trouble. B. To be adaptive to circumstances. C. To compete for equal rights.D. To gain advantages over others. 15. What does the text mainly focus on? A. Personality and behavior. B. Categories of the Big Five. C. Contradictory facts on personality. D. Diversity and variability of personality. 第二节 (共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 Ever since the University of Bologna in Italy was founded in 1088 as the first modern university, most people have associated great universities with major cities. 16 Colleges and universities in the U.S., though, have followed a different pattern. To be sure, leading universities such as the University of Chicago and Columbia University in New York City call major urban centers home. 17 In some cases, the university is, for all practical purposes, the whole town. 18 Many early colleges and universities were founded by religious (宗教的) groups that sought to educate students far from the distractions of city life. When Harvard University was founded in 1636 by Congregationalist Church ministers, Cambridge, where the university is now located, was quite separate from Boston. Moreover, when the U.S. began building a network of public universities in the 1860s to bring agricultural and technical research and know-how to the westward-spreading frontier, most were located in small towns. 19 Given the huge diversity of U.S. higher education, the message for international students shopping for a great university is doubled. 20 Don’t be put off if you have never heard of the city or town where a school is located. Top-rated colleges and universities located in lesser known places may amaze you in an unimaginable manner with their high quality and a significant number of their international students. A. Bloomington is also a great college town. B. Think the Sorbonne in Paris or Peking University. C. Set your sights beyond the most well-known schools. D. One reason: there were no major cities there at the time. E. There was no better recipe for popularity than small campuses. F. Part of the explanation for this lies in America’s distinctive history. G. But many are located in cities and towns most people have never heard of. 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分 30 分) 第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处 的最佳选项。 As a child, I lived on a college campus with my parents. Their students often visited and did jigsaw puzzles (拼图) with me, for which I quickly discovered my 21 . I would sit alone for hours 22 building a puzzle. My college “friends” would be 23 next time they came. Soon I 24 up from 500-piece puzzles to my highest 25 : a 3,000-piece one. I was so 26 at the thought of tearing it apart that I moved the finished puzzle 27 onto a large board and kept it as it was until we moved away and I 28 playing with puzzles. Recently I can’t help but 29 my old days, when I could spend hours looking at small, oddly shaped cardboard pieces and 30 them into appropriately-spaced positions, enjoying myself. I now live in a world of divided 31 , constantly jumping from one form of entertainment to another. 32 , I dislike it when I open my phone to send a quick text, but only to find myself, an hour later, clicking on countless YouTube videos that leave no impression on me. I miss being someone who didn’t 33 to be bombed with so many flashy external stimuli to be 34 . I think a puzzle or two would force me to be another version of myself, a less impatient one. When I get home this summer, I’ll 35 the box of old toys somewhere in our basement. Maybe I’ll find what I’m looking for. 21. A. concern B. destination C. balance D. love 22. A. dreaming of B. concentrating onC. complaining about D. hesitating about 23. A. embarrassed B. impressed C. confused D. relieved 24. A. leveled B. mixed C. showed D. sped 25. A. challenge B. design C. achievement D. champion 26. A. guilty B. light-hearted C. silly D. heartbroken 27. A. at random B. with care C. on occasion D. step by step 28. A. quit B. continued C. escaped D. forbade 29. A. analyse B. regret C. recall D. doubt 30. A. placing B. rolling C. pushing D. dragging 31. A. attention B. communication C. information D. opinions 32. A. Thankfully B. Honestly C. Additionally D. Interestingly 33. A. fail B. afford C. need D. offer 34. A. admired B. connected C. disturbed D. entertained 35. A. take over B. break up C. search through D. put away 第二节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 People of all ages are concerned about the spread of the coronavirus, and teenagers, as a group, tend to experience intense fearfulness. Accordingly, their growing anxiety should be taken into 36 (consider) seriously. Adults can help by making sure teens don’t overestimate the dangers 37 underestimate their ability to protect themselves. Anxiety can be 38 (health). But not all teens know that it typically acts 39 a useful and protective emotion. Adults can encourage teenagers to channel their discomfort into useful action, such as learning about and following the 40 (recommend) health guidelines. We can also remind teenagers that we wash our hands and follow other health recommendations not only 41 (protect) ourselves, but also to help to ease the stress. Adults can note that 42 (make) personal sacrifices(牺牲)—such as postponing a vacation or staying home if we’re not feeling well—helps to reduce the chance of carrying illness into our own communities. Teenagers who are feeling 43 (high) anxious about Covid-19 should 44 (encourage) to take a break from seeking, or even accidentally encountering, information about the virus. 45 we can do is to encourage finding distractions, such as doing their homework or watching a favorite show, to protect them from noticing the increasing virus figures. 第三部分 写作(共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节 (满分 15 分) 假定你是李华，计划寒假期间到学校实践基地参加为期一周的劳动实践活动。请给你的 留学生朋友 Frank 写封邮件，邀请他一起参加。内容包括： 1．活动安排和内容； 2．活动的意义。 注意: 1. 词数 80 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 信的开头已为你写好。 Dear Frank, ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 第二节 (满分 25 分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续 写的词数应为 150 左右。 On a Saturday afternoon in Wichita Falls, Texas, three kids talked and laughed happily as they took turns riding a scooter (滑板车) on their quiet street. 11-year-old TJ Smith had just jumped off the scooter as his neighbors Kim, age 7, claimed her turn, and Julie, 9, looked on. Ten minutes later, Kim sat down on the scooter to catch her breath. That was when a bearded man with a head of messy hair appeared. The kids didn’t see where he came from, but they saw exactly what happened next: Without saying a word, the man picked Kim up off the scooter and calmly stepped away. The guy held Kim gently like a baby and just walked down the street. In fact, the calm way the man behaved led TJ to believe that he must be a relative of Kim’s. But something wasn’t right. “I could see Kim’s face,” TJ said. “She was scared.” As the man walked on, Kim’s fear transformed into weeps, and then she cried for help. She began kicking and moving, trying to get free of the man’s control. “What are you doing?” Julie shouted. But the man, undisturbed, just walked the length of the block until he reached an alley (小 巷) and disappeared. TJ was frightened, yet he never thought about the danger to himself. The only thing he wanted to do was to get Kim back. But what was a 4-foot-tall kid going to do to stop a grown man? “I wanted to help, but I couldn’t do it myself,” he thought to himself. “Tell Kim’s parents, Julie!” He shouted as he started running towards the alley. Kim’s parents were relaxing on the sofa in their living room when their front door burst open. Paragraph 1: “A bad guy just picked Kim up and took her away!” yelled Julie. _____________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: At that very moment, Kim’s parents arrived.__________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 2020 年高考适应性练习(一) 英语参考答案 阅读理解（每小题 2.5 分） 1—3 DBA 4—7 CADB 8—11 DBCA 12—15 BABD 七选五（每小题 2.5 分）： 16—20 BGFDC 完形填空（每小题 1 分）： 21—25 DBBAC 26—30 DBACA 31—35 ABCDC 语法填空（每小题 1.5 分）： 36. consideration 37. or/nore 38. healthy 39. as 40. recommended 41. to protect 42. making 43. highly 44. be encouraged 45. What 应用文写作(One possible version)： Dear Frank, We plan to participate in the weeklong labor practice in the school field base scheduled from February 1 to 8. I’m writing to invite you to join us. The base offers free accommodations and various activities. Participants can learn to do outdoor work like farming or gardening. The art of making tea, which interests you very much, is also taught. What attracts me most is that we’ll learn to raise animals such as goats or rabbits. In the practice, we can experience the value of labor and expose ourselves to a wide range of practical skills, which will surely benefit us. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 读后续写(One possible version)： “A bad guy just picked Kim up and took her away!” yelled Julie. So shocked were Kim’s parents that they jumped up from the sofa and rushed over to Julie. Learning what had happened, they phoned the police without delay. The next moment, they jumped into their car and drove off directed by Julie. By then TJ had reached the alley, but the man was nowhere to be seen. “I must find Kim,” TJ said to himself. He ran along the alley to the end, where he spotted the man walking towards a white house. “Stop! Stop!” With these words, he charged at the guy fearlessly and held fast to Kim. However hard the guy tried to get rid of TJ, TJ wouldn’t give in. At that very moment, Kim’s parents arrived. “Help! Help!” TJ shouted. Immediately Kim’s father took off toward the guy. Seeing this, the guy hurriedly let go of Kim and broke into a run. Kim’s father dashed up, caught hold of him and pressed him to the ground. Kim ran crying into her mother’s arms. Minutes later, the police arrived and arrested the guy. TJ breathed a sigh of relief and smiled happily. TJ’s quick thinking and bravery saved a little girl in the neighborhood from unimaginable consequences.