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abandon vt 放弃，抛弃；丢弃；终止
(2018全国3卷阅读C)Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).
(2017全国3卷阅读B)Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.
absence [U] 缺乏
(2018全国2卷阅读D)32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?
A. Addiction to smartphones.
B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.
C. Absence of communication between strangers. √
D. Impatience with slow service.
In the absence of: 缺乏
(2017全国3卷C) The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources (来源) for the wolf – grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers.
absent : ~ (from sth) 缺席；不在
(2017全国1卷B)Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.
absent-mindedly adv. 心不在焉地；茫然地
(2016浙江语法填) I absent-mindedly turned the 56 pages (page) of the phone book and came across a city map. Drinking my iced coffee I ran my fingers along the streets 57 from the hotel to the opera hall. Not more than 58 a half-hour walk, I thought.
absorb ------be absorbed in: v. 专心于；全神贯注于
（2018全国3卷D ）We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.
(2017全国3语法填空) But at the moment, school comes 69 (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling.
（2017全国3语填）Sarah 63 was told/has been told (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter44,wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, who 64 has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her education 66 (educate).
I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is certainly 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model my more."
abundance n. 充裕，丰富 -------be in abundance大量；丰盛；充裕
(2018全国2卷B)Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance.
abundant:adj. 丰富的；充裕的；盛产
（2018全国3卷C ）The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.
accept : 接受；承认；承担
(2017全国D) “But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”
access vt. 使用；存取；接近n. 进入；使用权；通路
（2018江苏C）The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won't happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land.
accessible adj. 易接近的；可理解的
（2017全国1卷C）It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
accident----------by accident 意外地，无意中
(2016全国2卷七选五)Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too. 36 . But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.
accompany -------Be accompanied by sth. 随附有
（2017全国1卷B）I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.
（2018全国3卷完型） Teresa 56 a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website 57 by the touching words: ＂What a 58 this young man was to our family! He was so 59 and kind to do this.＂ The post has since gained the 60 of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days.
56. A. found B. selected C. developed D. posted
57. A. confirmed B. simplified C. clarified D. accompanied
58. A. pity B. blessing C. relief D. problem
59. A. smart B. calm C. sweet D. fair
60. A. sympathy B. attention C. control D. trust
accomplish vt.完成；实现；达到
(2017全国1卷C)“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells
National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”
accomplishment 成就
(2017全国1卷A) It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacific organizer.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
account for (数量、比例上) 占
(2018全国1卷C) Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.
(2018北京卷C Plastic-Eating Worms ) Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics.
(2018全国2语填)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global (67 ) (globe)fertilizer consumption.
acceptable adj.可接受的；可容许的
（2018浙江卷七选五）Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
accuracy [ U] 准确（性）；精确（程度）
53. The bird watchers’ behavior shows that they ______.
A. are very patient in their observation
B. are really fascinated by nature
C. care only about the names of birds
D. question the accuracy of the field guides
accumulate v. 积累；积聚; （数量）逐渐增加
(2018全国1卷D)As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones.
"The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher.
across:…宽
（2017全国1卷D）To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.
adaptation：n. 适应；改编
(2017全国3卷D) These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”
add:vi. 加；增加；加起来；做加法vt. 增加，添加；补充说；计算…总和
add to :增加，增添〔某种情绪或品质〕
（2018全国1卷七选五）They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .
address: 设法解决；处理；对付
(2017全国3卷D)Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.
adore：vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱；极喜欢vi. 崇拜；爱慕
(2018全国卷3七选五)“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine doing anything else with my life." Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. "Teaching dance is wonderful. D. My older students say it makes them feel young. 37 It's great
to watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life."
advance: n. 发展；前进；增长；预付款adj. 预先的；先行的
vt. 提出；预付；使……前进；将……提前vi. 前进；进展；上涨
(2017全国3卷A)Advance reservations required.
23. What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour?
A. Take some drinks.
B. Set off early in the morning.
C. Wear warm clothes.
D. Make reservations in advance.
in advance adv. 预先，提前
(2018全国1卷A) 21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A. Cherry Blossom like Tour in Washington, D.C.
B. Washington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
affection n. 喜爱
(2017全国2卷B )The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft（技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other - but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core（核心）of our relationship off the screen.
afford---affordable—affordably—affordability
affordable:负担得起的
(2018北京D Preparing Cities for Robot Cars) While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those
vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
(2018北京D Preparing Cities for Robot Cars) The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
48. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?
A. Safety B. Side effects C. Affordability D. Management.
afraid: adj. 害怕的；担心的
(2018全国卷3)I had done myself (改为my)homework but I was shy. I was afraid that（去掉that ） to speak in front of a larger(改为large) group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place for learning and that include（改为includes） leaning from textbooks, and mistake(mistakes ) as well." Immediate, （改为immediately）I raised my hand.
afterwards 以后；后来
soon afterwards不久之后
（2018全国1卷C）Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.
ahead adj. 向前；在前的；领先 adv. 向前的；领先的
be ahead of sb 超过某人
(2018全国2卷七选五)Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.
aid n. 援助；帮助；助手；帮助者
vt. 援助；帮助；有助于
come to the aid of:施以援手;帮助
(2018全国1卷B)In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.
alarm [C]警报
（2017全国2卷D）In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.
allow vt. 允许；给予；认可vi. 容许；考虑
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事;
（2018全国卷语法填空）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them 68 (they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69 meant (mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me to stay 70 (stay)and watch.
(2017全国卷2语填) In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds61(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from62 work.
aloud adv. 大声地
read aloud: 大声朗读
(2018全国卷3改错)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin（begun）. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.
amaze:vt. 使吃惊
（2018全国3卷C ）The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.
amount n. 数量；总额，总数
the amount of: ……的数量
(2017全国1完型)When fat and salt are removed 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As a 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even worse 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
amuse vt. 使人发笑，逗乐，娱乐，使消遣
(2018北京卷A篇阅读 My First Marathon)37.Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?
A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.
B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.
C. To show he was not talented in sports.
D. To share a precious memory.
appeal to：对…有吸引力
(2018全国1卷完型) And, even if I weren’t 43 enough about free credits, news about our 44 was appealing enough to me.
43. A. excited B. worried C. moved D. tired
44. A. title B. competitor C. textbook D. instructor
(2017江苏完型) He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good 47 and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there 48 him.
46. A. because B. but C. though D. so
47. A. ear B. taste C. heart D. voice
48. A. occurred to B. took to C. appealed to D. held to
appealing adj. 吸引人的
（2018北京D）Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).
apply:v. 申请；涂，敷；应用
(2018全国1卷完型) In order to 50 the class ,among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52 ,to our lives.
50. A. attend B. pass C. skip D. observe
51. A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare
52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally
analyze vt. 对…进行分析，
(2018全国1卷完型)Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I'm still putting to use what he 55 me:“ The absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57. On every single move you have to 58 a situation ,process what your opponent(对手）is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options.”
55. A. taught B. wrote C. questioned D. promised
56. A. fact B. step C. manner D. skill
57. A. grades B. decisions C. impressions D. comments
58. A. analyze B. describe C. rebuild D. control
59. A. announce B. signal C. Block D. evaluate
60. A. role B. desire C. concern D. behavior
anxiety n. 焦虑
(2016全国1卷D ) Nurses and other care-geivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be expericencing.
appear--- disappear
appear vi. 出现
(2018全国3卷语法填空)I'm not sure who 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at the 62 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears.
disappear：消失
(2018全国1卷A)Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms—disappear!
apply：应用
apply… to… 把…应用于
(2018全国1卷完型) In order to 50 the class ,among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52 ,to our lives.
50. A. attend B. pass C. skip D. observe
51. A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare
52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally
appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激；领会；鉴别 vi. 增值；涨价
（2018全国3卷完型） Much to the family’s surprise, Dennis stuck to his 52 ! He turned up at the hospital 53 gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindsey’s husband was totally 54 by the unexpected visit. ＂I don’t think we would have randomly invited him over but we 55 it and the gifts.＂
52. A. dream B. promise C. agenda D. principle
53. A. bearing B. collecting C. opening D. making
54. A. discouraged B. relaxed C. astonished D. defeated
55. A. admit B. need C. appreciate D. expect
approach v.接近，走近，靠近，着手处理
（2018全国1卷）Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.
(2018全国2卷 C)As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.
(2018北京阅读A My first marathon )
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign.
(2018—浙江阅读A )But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible—and important for our own culture—to undertstand how he made himself a lasting one.
(2018全国2卷)China's approach to protecting its environment while（70）feeding (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
（2018北京卷完形填空）People have been approaching him in the street; he’s had job offers and all sorts,’ Mr. Anderson commented.
(2018北京卷七选五) Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more.
(2016全国1卷cloze ) The man who had his bright lights on 48 and told Larry he had 49 an emergency call. They 50 heard a woman’s voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. 51 the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.
48. A. came down B. came through C. came in D. came over
49. A. returned B. received C. made D. confirmed
50. A. then B. again C. finally D. even
51. A. Starting B. Parking C. Passing D. Approaching
(2016全国2卷七选五)Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too36 . But it doesn’t happen by
accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.
appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激；领会；鉴别vi. 增值；涨价
(2017全国1卷cloze)The following term, I 56 an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was 57. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58, if there had been any talking, it would have 59 us to learn less. Now, I appreciate the silence and the 60 way of communication it opens.
56. A. missed B. passed C. gave up D. registered for
57. A. prohibited B. welcomed C. ignored D. repeated
58. A. Lastly B. Thus C. Instead D. However
59. A. required B. caused C. allowed D. expected
60. A. easy B. popular C. quick D. new
（2018全国3卷完型） Much to the family’s surprise, Dennis stuck to his 52 ! He turned up at the hospital 53 gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindsey’s husband was totally 54 by the unexpected visit. ＂I don’t think we would have randomly invited him over but we 55 it and the gifts.＂
52. A. dream B. promise C. agenda D. principle
53. A. bearing B. collecting C. opening D. making
54. A. discouraged B. Relaxed C. astonished D. defeated
55. A. admit B. need C. appreciate D. expect
appropriate :adj. 适当的；恰当的；合适的
(2017全国3卷B) The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-be to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.
arrival n. 到来；到达
（2018全国卷3完形填空） On March 19, Dennis got a group text 44 him that a couple he
didn’t know were at the hospital, waiting for the 45 of a baby.
44. A. convincing B. reminding C. informing D. warning
45. A. wake-up B. recovery C. growth D. arrival
arrange –re-arrange
arrange v. 安排；
（2016全国1卷C）So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:” In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me.re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.
（2016全国1卷C）She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me，re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.
re-arranging v. 重新安排
(2017全国3 七选五 )Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities.
assessment n. 评定；估价
(2018七选五why do we get angry?) Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. 51 F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.
assist in 帮助,协助,援助
(2018全国1卷B)
25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A. He buys cooking materials for her.
B. He prepares food for her kids.
C. He assists her in cooking matters.
D. He invites guest families for her.
(2016全国1卷D )Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of
silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
associate: adj. 非正式的；准的；副的
(2018全国2卷D)In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop.
assume v.假定，认为，承担，装出，呈现
（2018浙江B）Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
(2018全国卷3 D)Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
ssumption n.假定；设想
(2017天津C) An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human ‘be watchful and monitoring the road’ at every moment.
astonish vt. 使惊讶
be astonished by/at… 对…感到非常惊讶
（2018全国3卷完型） Much to the family’s surprise, Dennis stuck to his 52 ! He turned up at the hospital 53 gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindsey’s husband was totally 54 by the unexpected visit. ＂I don’t think we would have randomly invited him over but we 55 it and the gifts.＂
52. A. dream B. promise C. agenda D. principle
53. A. bearing B. collecting C. opening D. making
54. A. discouraged B. relaxed C. astonished D. defeated
55. A. admit B. need C. appreciate D. expect
(2016浙江10月cloze )I was just astonished at the question in my own 53. I was dumbfounded (惊呆）at the 54 of it. Yes. you can fool everyone else，but you cannot “fool the chickens," because 55, you will find out, as the saying goes, "What goes around comes around."
53. A. life B. job C. ease D. mind
54. A. explanation B. significance C. trick D. example
55. A. in this respect B. in the end C. in contrast D. in addition
attach 1.[ VN] ~ sth (to sth) 把…固定，把…附（在…上）
2.[ VN] ~ importance, significance, value, weight, etc. (to sth)认为有重要性（或意义、价值、分量等）；重视
3.[ VN] ~ yourself to sb（有时不受欢迎或未受邀请而）参加，和…在一起，缠着
4.~ to sb/sth( formal )（使）与…有联系；与…有关联
(2018浙江A)How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass.
attack:n. 攻击；抨击；疾病发作v. 攻击；抨击
(2017 D)When a leafy plant is under attack ，it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds,VOCs for short.
attend vt. 出席；上（大学等）；照料；招待；陪伴 vi. 出席；致力于；照料；照顾
（2017全国1卷完型）After that, feeling the need to 52 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club`s meetings. I only learned how to 53 the alphabet that day. Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54 progress, I was excited. I then made it a point to 55 those meetings and learn all I could.
52. A. exercise B. explore C. expressD. explain
53. A. print B. write C. sign D. count
54. A. slow B. steady C. normal D. obvious
55. A. chair B. sponsor C. attend D. organize
attention n. 注意力
（2018全国3卷完型） Teresa 56 a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website 57 by the touching words: ＂What a 58 this young man was to our family! He was so 59 and kind to do this.＂ The post has since gained the 60 of social media users all over the world,
receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days.
56. A. found B. selected C. developed D. posted
57. A. confirmed B. simplified C. clarified D. accompanied
58. A. pity B. blessing C. relief D. problem
59. A. smart B. calm C. sweet D. fair
60. A. sympathy B. attention C. control D. trust
(2018北京完型)Mr. Smith’s act 30 much of the public’s attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson 31 about the act of kindness on Facebook.zxxk
30. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew
31. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard
attitude: n. 态度；看法
(2016全国2完型填空)Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was, well, so 58 .Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Rani’s 59 ---her warm smile, her nods, her ‘I’m here for you’ 60 ---were all silent signals that didn’t travel through wires.
58. A. calm B. nice C. proud D. clever
59. A. forgiveness B. eagerness C. friendliness D. skillfulness
60. A. explanation B. attitude C. concept D.behavior
attract :1.吸引；使喜爱；引起…的好感（或爱慕）2. ~ sb/sth (to sth)招引
(2018浙江A)It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life.
attract attention to 吸引注意力
(2018全国卷3 C)Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).
(2017全国1卷完型) The 46 began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club 47 their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very 48 of communicating without speaking 49 me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50. This newness just left me 51 more.
46. A. meeting B. trip C. story D. task
47. A. recorded B. performed C. recited D. discussed
48. A. idea B. amount C. dream D. reason
49. A. disturbed B. supported C. embarrassed D. attracted
50. A. end B. past C. course D. distance
51. A. showing B. acting C. saying D. wanting
attraction n. 吸引，吸引力；吸引人的事物
(2016全国1卷语法填空)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top attraction 61 (attract).
attractive: 吸引人的；令人愉快的;诱人的;
54. Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?
A. The natural beauty isn’t attractive to them.
B. They focus on arriving at the camp in time.
C. The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.
D. They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.
(2017全国卷3 A)This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francis’s most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.
audience n. 观众；听众；读者
(2017全国3卷B) The theater audience said good-by as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater has shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.
(2017全国3卷)The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-be to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.
authentic adj.逼真的; 真实的；真正的
(2017全国3卷A) Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district. Authentic fire gear （服装）is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most
thrilling parts of San Francisco.
authority n. 权威；权力；当局
in authority 有权,有权威的，掌权的
（2016全国1卷D） However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
available adj.可获得的，有空的，可购得的，能找到的，可利用的，可用的-
（2017全国2七选五）When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then. E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available38.It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions.
（2018北京卷B）All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.
(2017全国1卷A)Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.
(2017全国2卷七选五) When people try to interrupt you,have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then. E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available 38. It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions.
availability n. 可用性；有效性；实用性
(2018全国1卷A)Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms—disappear!
average n. 平均；平均数；海损 adj. 平均的；普通的
vt. 算出…的平均数；将…平均分配；使…平衡 vi. 平均为；呈中间色
（2018全国1卷D）The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them.
(2017全国2卷cloze)Freddy was an average 44, but not an average person. He had the rare balance of fun and compassion（同情）.He would 45 the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone’s 46 .
44. A. scholar B. student C. citizen D. worker
45. A. speak B. sing C. question D. laugh
46. A. misfortune B. disbelief C. dishonesty D. mistake
avoid vt. 避免；避开，躲避；消除
(2017全国2卷D ) Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done. 36 B. When you want to avoid interruptions at work, there are several ways to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now.
(2017全国卷2语法填空) In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds 61(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from 62 work.
(2017江苏完型)He swore to himself to 39 music, as he hated getting to school extra early.
39. A. betray B. accept C. avoid D. appreciate
（2018全国3卷语法填空）The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged 65 (challenge).
(2017全国卷2语法填空) In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds 61(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from 62 work.
（2018北京D）They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
(2017全国3卷D) “But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”
awake vi. 觉醒，意识到；醒来；被唤起vt. 唤醒；使觉醒；激起，唤起adj. 醒着的
(2018全国2七选五)Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 37 E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10
hours after exercise.
awaken v. 唤醒；唤起，意识到
(2018天津D)The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness.
aware adj. 意识到的；知道的；有…方面知识的；
be aware of…意识到，知道，觉察到
(2016全国1卷D ) Nurses and other care-geivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be expericencing.
(2016全国1卷C) For this courier job, you’re consciously aware than that box you’re got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.
awareness ~ (of sth)~ (that...) 知道；认识；意识；兴趣
(2018天津D)Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering these questions（2018天津D）Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness.
（2018天津D）Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things.
（2018天津D）The pressures of "time" and "destination" are further blocks to awareness.
(2017全国1卷C) Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.
awkward adj. 尴尬的；笨拙的；棘手的；不合适的
(2018全国2卷D) It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary.
（2017全国1卷C）Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.
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