2019届高三英语二轮复习课件：第一部分语法专题第五节非谓语动词(共67张PPT) 67页

第五节　非谓语动词 考点一　非谓语动词的形式及意义 非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义 不定式 一般式 to do to be done 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生 进行式 to be doing 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生 完成式 to have done to have been done 不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前 现在分词 / 动名词 一般式 doing being done 其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生 现在分词 / 动名词 完成式 having done having been done 其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生 过去分词 一般式 done 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成 ◆ ( 2017· 江苏卷 )Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market. 很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。 ◆ ( 北京卷 )There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。 [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 1 ． ( 天津卷 )_______________ (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. 2 ． ( 重庆卷 )The engine just won't start. Something seems ____________(go) wrong with it. 3 ． Henry can't attend the party ___________(hold) at Tom's house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party _________(hold) at Marie's house tomorrow. Having worked to have gone being held to be held 考点二　非谓语动词作状语 1 ．不定式作状语 (1) 作目的状语，可用 so as to/ in order to 替换，但 so as to 一般不可置于句首，意为 “ 为了；想要 ” 。 ◆ ( 2018· 北京卷 ) During the Mid - Autumn Festival, family members often gather together to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. 在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。 (2) 作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中： only to do ； enough to do( 足够做 …… ) ； too... to do...( 太 …… 而不能 …… ) ； so/such... as to...( 如此 …… 以至于 …… ) 等。 ◆ ( 四川卷 )Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky. 汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。 (3) 作原因状语，常用在 “ 主语＋系动词＋形容词＋ to do ” 结构中。这类形容词有： easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous, surprised, astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。 ◆ ( 辽宁卷 )This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 这台机器很容易操作。只需几分钟，任何人都能学会使用它。 2 ． 分词作状语 非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 ◆ ( 2018· 江苏卷 ) Around 13 ， 500 new jobs were created during the period, exceeding the expected number of 12 ， 000 held by market analysts. 在这期间，大约创造 13 ， 500 个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的 12 ， 000 的预期数量。 ◆ ( 2018· 北京卷 ) Ordinary soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. 如果正确使用的话，普通肥皂可以有效地消灭细菌。 [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 / 单句改错 1 ． ( 2017· 北京卷 )Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ________(save) their valuable time. 2.( 2017· 天津卷 ) The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _________(allow) more patients to be treated. 3 ． ( 2017· 北京卷 ) The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranged from butterflies to elephants. _______________ to save allowing ranged → ranging 考点三　非谓语动词作定语 1 ．不定式作定语 (1) 不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 ◆ Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she couldn't find any paper to write on. 突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到写下它的纸。 (2) 序数词，形容词最高级， the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词 / 代词后，常用不定式作定语。 ◆ He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 (3) 被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词： ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。 ◆ ( 辽宁卷 )And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. 增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。 ◆ ( 湖南卷 )The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 2 ． 分词作定语 (1) 作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、 “ being ＋过去分词 ” 、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用 “ being ＋过去分词 ” ；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。 (2) 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。 ◆ ( 2016· 浙江卷 )To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012. 回到水污染这个问题，我想让你看看 2012 年在澳大利亚所做的一项研究。 ◆ ( 北京卷 )Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV. 昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。 [ 名师点津 ] 非谓语动词作定语的解题思路 表示 “ 被动、完成 ” 用过去分词 (done) ；表示 “ 主动、进行 ” 用现在分词 (doing) ；表示 “ 被动、进行 ” 用 being done ；表示 “ 主动、尚未进行 ” 用 to do ；表示 “ 被动的动作尚未进行 ” 用 to be done 。试比较： ① Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies. ② The bridge built in 2018 was designed by a local company. ③ The bridge being built now was designed by a local company. ④ The bridge to be built next year was designed by a local company. [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 1 ． ( 2017· 北京卷 ) Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time ________(spend)with his students. spent 2 ． ( 2017· 天津卷 )I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _________(catch) ． 3 ． ( 江西卷 )On receiving a phone call from his wife ________(say) she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. 考点四　非谓语动词作宾语 1 ．只接不定式作宾语的动词： agree, intend, plan, demand, promise, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish, hope, expect, fail ( 未能 ), pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, wait, happen ( 碰巧 ) 等。 to catch saying ◆ ( 江苏卷 )The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and comprehensive review of the case. 警官们决定对这起案件进行一次周密而全面的审查。 2 ．只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语： admit, avoid, consider, escape ( 避开 ), imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up, put off, object to, look forward to 等。此外， have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. ； have fun (in) doing sth. 等句型中也用动名词作宾语。 ◆ ( 2018· 江西红色七校联考 )There is no doubt that the event will attract more visitors to enjoy visiting this wonderful city. 毫无疑问，这次活动将吸引更多的游客来参观这个美丽的城市。 ◆ ( 陕西卷 )It's quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim? 今天很热。你想去游泳吗？ 3 ．接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词： (1)try to do 尽力做 …… ； try doing 试着去做 …… ； (2)mean to do 打算做 …… ； mean doing 意味着 …… ； (3)regret to do 遗憾要去做 …… ； regret doing 后悔做过 …… ； (4)remember to do 记得去做 …… ； remember doing 记得做过 …… ； (5)forget to do 忘记去做 …… ； forget doing 忘记做了 …… ； (6)stop to do 停下来开始做 …… ； stop doing 停止做 …… ◆ ( 2016· 上海卷 )Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop buying the groceries if I found out? 她是担心如果我发现这件事情我的反应还是担心我不再给她买食品杂货呢？ ◆ ( 安徽卷 )I remembered to lock the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 我离开办公室之前记得关门却忘记关灯了。 [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 1 ． ( 2018· 天津卷 ) I didn't mean ______(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help _______(try) it. 2 ． ( 2018· 山西名校联考 )Life isn't a match. It's a journey. If you spend that journey always ________(try) to impress others, you're wasting your life. 3 ． (2016· 浙江卷 )He would ask who we were and pretend not _________(know) us. to eat trying trying to know 考点五　非谓语动词作宾补 1 ．不定式作宾补 不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表将来、主动。常用不定式作宾补的动词 ( 短语 ) ： advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on 等。 ◆ ( 山东卷 )If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on. 如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。 ◆ ( 江西卷 )Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to speak to the new students. 她完成项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。 2 ． 分词作宾补 (1) 现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词 (see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel), 使役动词 (have, get), find, leave, keep, catch 等。 ◆ ( 湖南卷 )Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help? 听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？ (2) 过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词 (see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel), 使役动词 (have, make, let, get), find, leave, keep 等。 ◆ ( 陕西卷 )Back from his two - year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home. 李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好，他很高兴。 [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 / 单句改错 1 ． ( 2018· 湖北四地七校联考 )Do you find yourself easily _________(become) impatient or annoyed with people over unimportant things? 2 ． ( 2018· 河南郑州外国语学校月考 )You begin to understand how Chinese speakers have their thoughts __________(organize), and how they understand things. 3 ． ( 2015· 浙江卷 )The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming. _________ becoming organized felt → feel 　 考点六　非谓语动词作主语和表语 1 ． 不定式作主语和表语 (1) 不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用 it 作形式主语而将不定式后置。 ◆ ( 浙江卷 )No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it's better to remain silent. 不论你多么能说会道，有些时候保持沉默会更好。 (2) 不定式作表语时， ① 表示预定要发生的动作； ② 当主语是 aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice 等词时，常用不定式作表语； ③ 主语为 what 引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。 ◆ His wish is to be a doctor in the future. 他的愿望是将来当一名医生。 ◆ What I want to do most in senior high is (to) improve my English. 我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。 2 ． 动名词作主语和表语 (1) 动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用 it 作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语放在句末。常用于固定句型： It's a waste of time doing... ； It's no use/good doing... ； It is useless doing..., There is no doing... 等中。 ◆ (2018· 北京卷 )Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. 沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。 ◆ It's no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。 (2) 动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。 ◆ My job is cleaning the house three times a week. 我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。 [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 / 单句改错 1 ． ( 2018· 安徽合肥第一次联考 )Whatever you feel like, please tell me. It is not necessary __________(bargain) on this small amount. 2 ． ( 2018· 湖南六校联考 )Of course, _________(enjoy) a nice meal with friends, whatever we eat, can also impact our spirits. 3 ． ( 湖南卷 )Understanding your own needs and styles of communication are as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. __________________ to bargain enjoying are → is Ⅰ . 单句语法填空 1 ． ( 2018· 河北正定中学模拟 )Once________(build), Xiong'an New Area will reduce the burden of Beijing heavily. 【 解析 】 句意：一旦建成，雄安新区将大大缓解北京的压力。 build 与主句主语 Xiong'an New Area 构成动宾关系，故此处用过去分词。此处也可以看作状语从句的省略，完整的从句为 Once it is built 。 【 答案 】 built 2 ． ( 2018· 山西五校摸底考试 )His new idea was ________(make) the roof into the shape of a hall. 【 解析 】 句意：他的新想法就是把房顶做出球状。空格处用不定式作表语，表示尚未进行的动作。 【 答案 】 to make 3 ． ( 2018· 河南郸城一高模拟 )The visitors to Britain may find the most marvellous place ________(enjoy) the local culture is in a traditional pub. 【 解析 】 名词前有形容词最高级修饰时，非谓语动词充当后置定语常用不定式形式。 【 答案 】 to enjoy 4. ( 2018· 安徽江淮十校第一次联考 )He tried his key in some of the cars, but people ________(pass) by gave him a look he didn't like. 【 解析 】 此处表示路过的人， but 后的分句的谓语动词是 gave ，故空格处应用非谓语动词； people 与 pass 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语，修饰前面的名词 people 。 【 答案 】 passing 5 ． ( 2018· 广西贵港联考 ) “ I have to admit his box lunch help keep me going on working and it's great ________(know) that he loves me ， ” Zhao Mai said in a translation provided by a newspaper. 【 解析 】 此处表示我不得不承认他的盒装午餐使我继续工作，而且我很高兴知道他爱我。句中 it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。 【 答案 】 to know 6 ． ( 2018· 河北石家庄五县联考 )She failed this English examination again. This is because she sometimes has trouble ________(pay) attention to her study. 【 解析 】 句意：她这次英语考试又一次没及格。这是因为她有时很难将注意力集中在她的学习上。 have trouble (in) doing sth. 为固定结构，意为：做某事有困难。 【 答案 】 paying 7 ． ( 2018· 陕西汉中第一次联考 )Many means had been tried but none of them was good enough________(catch) the rats. 【 解析 】 句意：许多方法都曾尝试过，但没有一种足够好，可以捕捉到老鼠。这里是固定结构 enough to do “ 足以做 ……” ，不定式作结果状语。 【 答案 】 to catch 8 ． ( 2018· 南昌市三校联考 )He had a keen interest in solving problems______(meet) in everyday life. 【 解析 】 考查非谓语动词。此处 met 为非谓语动词作定语修饰 problems ，由于 problems 与 meet 为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。 【 答案 】 met 9 ． ( 2018· 石家庄市期末 )Failing________(turn) in your homework on time will directly affect your grade for a certain course. 【 解析 】 句意：不按时交作业会直接影响你某门课程的成绩。 fail to do 不能做 …… ；未能做 …… 。 【 答案 】 to turn 10 ． ( 2018· 潍坊实验中学模拟 )It is very difficult for parents to decide whether________(have) a second child or not. 【 解析 】 考查非谓语动词。 decide 后用 “ 疑问词＋不定式 ” 作宾语，故填 to have 。 【 答案 】 to have 11 ． ( 2018· 湖南师大附中模拟 )Long________(consider) a masterpiece of Chinese literature, the novel is generally acknowledged to be the peak of Chinese fiction. 【 解析 】 考查非谓语动词。逗号后为句子的主体，逗号前应用非谓语动词作状语， consider 与 the novel 为被动关系，故用过去分词短语作状语。 【 答案 】 considered 12 ． ( 2018· 陕西西安二模 )________(judge) from his accent, he is from the south of China. 【 解析 】 句意：从他的口音判断，他来自中国南方。 judging from 意为 “ 从 …… 判断 ” ，为独立成分，作状语时不用考虑它和句子主语之间的关系。 【 答案 】 Judging 13 ． ( 2018· 四川成都七中诊断 )To his surprise, Jack found his son ________(dress) as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve. 【 解析 】 句意：使杰克惊讶的是，他发现儿子在圣诞节前夜被装扮成了圣诞老人。此处为 “ find ＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ” 结构，用过去分词作宾语补足语。 dress 意为 “ 给 ( 某人 ) 穿衣 ” ，常用于 dress sb. 或 sb.be/get dressed 结构。 【 答案 】 dressed 14 ． ( 2018· 安徽江淮十校期末联考 )Another student ， a 15 - year - old girl from Guangdong ， was afraid of exams. She would get very upset with the exam paper________(lie) in front of her. 【 解析 】 此处宾语与宾补之间是主动关系，应该用 v . - ing 形式。 【 答案 】 lying 15 ． ( 2018· 湖北武昌区高三调考 )The Yangtze River ， ________(know) in China as the Chang Jiang is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country. 【 解析 】 主语 the Yangtze River 和 know 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，表被动。 【 答案 】 known 16 ． ( 2018· 玉溪一中第二次月考 )You lose weight for a while, only________(gain) back more weight when you stop your weight loss program. 【 解析 】 “ only ＋不定式 ” 表示意想不到的结果。 【 答案 】 to gain 17 ． ( 2018· 湖北八校第一次联考 )No one can ignore the rich culture__________(date) back to ancient times changing into the modern age at a speed and scale that has never been witnessed. 【 解析 】 考查非谓语动词。 date 和句子谓语动词 ignore 之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词形式，且词组 date back to 没有被动形式，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。 【 答案 】 dating 18 ． ( 2018· 洛阳第一次统考 )The 15 - year - old from Oakland has fascinated audiences in the U ． S. and China with his ability__________(sing) pitch - perfect Mandarin ( 普通话 ) and perform the ancient Chinese art form. 【 解析 】 考查非谓语动词。 ability to do sth. 意为 “ 做某事的能力 ” ，为固定词组搭配，故用不定式作后置定语。 【 答案 】 to sing 19 ． ( 2018· 安徽芜湖、马鞍山第一次质检 )At parties ， more people are on their smartphones than on their drinks. In addition ， too many people are using smartphones while________(drive) ． 【 解析 】 设空处动作与 too many people 之间是主动关系，应该用 v . - ing 形式，相当于 while they are driving 。 【 答案 】 driving 20 ． ( 2018· 福建福安一中第四次月考 )________(compare)with the traditional trade mode ， they don't have to spend money in renting a house.However ， there are still some disadvantages to online shopping. 【 解析 】 句意：与传统的商业模式比较，他们不需要花很多钱租房子。但是，网购仍然也有一些劣势。 compared with 为独立成分，在句中作状语。 【 答案 】 Compared Ⅱ . 单句改错 1 ． ( 2018· 青岛市模拟 )As for me, I am looking forward to spend this precious time with my family before I leave for my college. __________ 【 解析 】 look forward to 中的 to 为介词，后应跟动词 - ing 形式作宾语。 【 答案 】 spend → spending 2 ． ( 2018· 河北衡水二调 )As we all know, we can meet with various challenges in our life. Facing with challenges, what should we do? __________ 【 解析 】 考查非谓语动词。 be faced with 为固定用法，故将 Facing 改为 Faced 。主语 we 和动词 face 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故也可删除 with 。 【 答案 】 Facing → Faced 或删掉 Facing 后的 with 3 ． (2018· 成都一诊 )I also noticed that they always seemed to dress well, and always had their hair and make - up do. __________ 【 解析 】 have sth.done 为固定结构，表示 “ 让某事被做 ” 。该句中的 their hair and make - up 和动词 do 是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。 【 答案 】 do → done 4 ． ( 2018· 吉林四校联考 )If you know more about them, you will find fried chicken and French fries are rich in fat, sugar and salt. They can make you to gain weight and become sick. __________ 【 解析 】 考查省略 to 的不定式。英语中三大使役动词 make, let, have 后接省略 to 的不定式。 【 答案 】 删掉 to 5 ． ( 2018· 邯郸市模拟 )On the other hand, his spoken English is so excellent that he has no difficulty communicate with you in English. __________ 【 解析 】 have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难，故 communicate 改为 communicating 。 【 答案 】 communicate → communicating 6 ． ( 2018· 吉林吉大附中月考 )Thought that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way. __________ 【 解析 】 分析句子结构可知， Thought that his solution might be wrong 在句中作状语， think 与其逻辑主语 I 之间为主动关系，因此应用现在分词形式。故将 Thought 改为 Thinking 。 【 答案 】 Thought → Thinking 7 ． ( 2018· 蚌埠二中模拟 )I am writing to keep you informing of something about the severe situation that they are faced with presently. __________ 【 解析 】 keep 后跟复合宾语， you 与 inform 之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。 【 答案 】 informing → informed 8 ． ( 2018· 巢湖市模拟 )Every day he spends more than one hour examine my homework. __________ 【 解析 】 spend time (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事，为固定短语。 【 答案 】 examine → examining 9 ． ( 2018· 湖北武昌区高三调考 )If there is no aim in our lives, we will get lose. __________ 【 解析 】 get 这里起一个系动词的作用，相当于 become ，后接过去分词，表状态， get lost 意为 “ 失踪的，迷路的 ” 。 【 答案 】 lose → lost 10 ． ( 2018· 河北定州中学模拟 )With Teachers' Day draw near, I would like to express my thanks to Ms. Li, who taught me English last year. __________ 【 解析 】 with 复合结构中， Teachers' Day 与 draw 为主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。 【 答案 】 draw → drawing