专题32阅读理解之细节理解2017年高考英语二轮核心考点总动员 7页

专题 32 阅读理解之细节理解 关键词：阅读理解,细节,按图索骥,语境 难度系数：✱✱✱✱ 推荐指数：✱✱✱✱✱‎ ‎【基础回顾】‎ 考点归纳：‎ 理解文中具体信息（细节理解）‎ 文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人员往往会要求考生根据不同的要求，阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。‎ 基础必读：‎ 文章细节的理解可以细化为：‎ ‎（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。‎ ‎（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上从分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。‎ ‎（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题。‎ ‎（4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。‎ ‎（5）事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生，发展的正确顺序。‎ ‎ 细节理解题主要设问的方式有：]‎ ‎（1）Which of the following statements is True (Not True)? （2）Which of the questions has not been mentioned (or discussed) in the passage?‎ ‎（3）What is the reason that …?‎ ‎（4）What do we know about…?‎ ‎（5）How did the people know …? ‎ ‎（6）Why was … so important to …?‎ ‎【技能方法】]‎ ‎（1）细心审题，直接就题找答案。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。]‎ ‎（2）变通理解，间接转述找答案。细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述，命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。‎ ‎（3）多点归纳，综合事实找答案。细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词”草率地作出结论。]‎ ‎【基础达标】‎ You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?‎ Jane Addams(1860—1935)‎ Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. ‎ Rachel Carson(1907—1964)]]‎ If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans. ‎ Sandra Day O'Connor(1930—present)]‎ When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state ‎ senator(参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the US Supreme Court. O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. ‎ Rosa Parks(1913—2005)‎ On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civilrights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in，” said Parks.‎ ‎1. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?‎ A．Her social work. ‎ B．Her teaching skills. ‎ C．Her efforts to win a prize. ‎ D．Her community background. ‎ ‎2. What was the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm?‎ A．Her lack of proper training in law. ]‎ B．Her little work experience in court. ‎ C．The discrimination against women. ‎ D．The poor financial conditions. ]‎ ‎3. Who made a great contribution to the civilrights movement in the US?‎ A．Jane Addams. B．Rachel Carson. ‎ C．Sandra Day O'Connor. D．Rosa Parks.‎ ‎4. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?‎ A．They are highly educated. ‎ B．They are truly creative. ‎ C．They are pioneers. ‎ D．They are peacelovers.‎ ‎2．C　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“…she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.”可知，她因为是女性而被法律公司拒绝录用。故选C。‎ ‎3．D　细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“…and kicked off the civilrights movement.”可知，Rosa Parks为民权运动做出了贡献。故选D。‎ ‎ 4．C　推理判断题。根据文章对这几个人物的介绍可知，这些女性都是在各自的领域为社会做出贡献的先驱。故选C。‎ ‎【能力提升】‎ What's on?‎ Electric__Underground ‎7：30 pm—1：00 am　Free at the Cyclops Theatre Do you know who's playing in your area? We're bringing you an exciting evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so, come early to the talk at 7：30 pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He's going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music. ‎ Gee__Whizz ‎8：30 pm—10：30 pm　Comedy at Kaleidoscope Come and see Gee Whizz perform. He's the funniest standup comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7：00 pm for drinks and snacks(快餐). ‎ Simon's__Workshop ‎5：00 pm—7：30 pm　Wednesdays at Victoria Stage]‎ This is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practises many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a ‎ comedian and actor who has 10 years' experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny. ‎ Charlotte__Stone ‎8：00 pm—11：00 pm　Pizza World Fine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new bestselling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食). Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine. ]‎ ‎1. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?‎ A. Jules Skye. B. Gee Whizz. ‎ C. Charlotte Stone. D. James Pickering. ‎ ‎2. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?‎ A. The Cyclops Theatre. B. Kaleidoscope.‎ C. Victoria Stage. D. Pizza World.‎ ‎3. What do we know about Simon's Workshop?]]‎ A. It requires membership status. ‎ B. It lasts three hours each time. ]‎ C. It is run by a comedy club. ‎ D. It is held every Wednesday. ‎ ‎4. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?‎ A. 5：00 pm—7：30 pm. B. 7：30 pm—1：00 am. ‎ C. 8：00 pm—11：00 pm. D. 8：30 pm—10：30 pm. ‎ ‎2．B　细节理解题。根据文章的第二部分中的“He's the funniest standup comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the ‎ oldest.”可知，他是最滑稽的喜剧演员，因此他的演出会让不同年龄的人都感到快乐。‎ ‎3．D　细节理解题。根据第三部分广告中的“5：00 pm—7：30 pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage”可知Simon's Workshop的表演是在每周三下午5：00至7：30之间进行。因此选D。]]‎ ‎ 4．C　细节理解题。根据第四部分中的“Charlotte__Stone 8：00 pm—11：00 pm Pizza World”可知Charlotte Stone将在晚上8：00至11：00之间演唱她最受欢迎的歌曲。‎ ‎【终极闯关】‎ Music Opera at Music Hall: 1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honours Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone: 2412742. http：//www.cityopera.com. ‎ Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June. Call 7231182 for more information. http:__//www.chamberorch.com.‎ Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales, call 3813300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall and in summer at Riverbend. http：//www.symphony.org/home.asp. ‎ College Conservatory of Music (CCM): Performances are on the main campus(校园) of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theatre. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the wellknown LaSalle Quartet, CCM's Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I．D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 5564183. http：//www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar. ‎ Riverbend Music Theatre: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theatre with the closest seats under cover (price difference). Big name shows all summer long! Phone：2326220. http：//www.riverbendmusic.com. ‎ ‎1. Which number should you call if you want to see an opera?‎ A. 2412742. B. 7231182. ‎ C. 3813300. D. 2326220. ]]‎ ‎2. When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra?‎ A. February. B. May. ‎ C. August. D. November. ]‎ ‎3. Where can students go for free performances with their I．D. cards?‎ A. Music Hall. ‎ B. Memorial Hall. ‎ C. Patricia Cobbett Theatre. ‎ D. Riverbend Music Theatre. ‎ ‎4. How is Riverbend Music Theatre different from the other places?‎ A. It has seats in the open air. ‎ B. It gives shows all year round. ]‎ C. It offers membership discounts. ‎ D. It presents famous musical works.‎ ‎【文章大意】 这是一篇应用文。本文通过广告的形式介绍了几家举行音乐演出的剧场的信息。‎ ‎1．A　细节理解题。根据第一则广告Opera at Music Hall中“Phone：2412742.”可知，要想看歌剧应拨打电话2412742。‎ ‎2．B　细节理解题。根据第二则广告中的“…which offers several concerts from March through June.”可知，5月份期间可以去听该音乐会。‎