2019届高三英语二轮复习课件：第一部分语法专题第七节定语从句(共46张PPT) 46页

第七节　定语从句 考点一　关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 关系代词 that 和 which 的用法区别 只用 that 的情况 先行词是 all, few, little, much, something, anything, nothing 等不定代词时 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, all 等修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 先行词既有人又有物时 只用 which 的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词指物，且前有介词时 关系代词 as 和 which 的区别 as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后， as 常译为 “ 正如 …… ，正像 ……” 。从句的谓语动词多为 see, know, expect, say, mention, report 等 which 引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为 “ 这一点，这件事 ” 等， which 引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 ◆ ( 2017· 北京卷 )The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。 ◆ ( 2017· 天津卷 )My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. 我的大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。 ◆ ( 福建卷 ) China Today attracts a worldwide readership ， which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 《 中国日报 》 有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。 ◆ ( 新课标全国卷 Ⅰ ) “ You can't judge a book by its cover ， ” as the old saying goes. 正如老话说的那样： “ 人不可貌相。 ” [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 1 ． ( 2018· 天津卷 )Kate, _______sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. 2 ． ( 2016· 四川卷 )“I prefer to work in black and white, ______ allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly. ” 3 ． ( 江苏卷 )The number of smokers ， ___ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. whose which as 考点二　关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词 (situation, point, activity, case, stage 等 ) 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 ◆ ( 天津卷 )The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。 ◆ ( 福建卷 )Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。 ◆ Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？ [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 / 单句改错 1 ． ( 2018· 江苏卷 ) Self - driving is an area _______China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. 2 ． ( 陕西卷 )As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ______ he should be able to be independent. 3 ． ( 2018· 鹰潭二模 )The police must give the suspect the reasons that they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. ___________ where when that → why 考点三　 “ 介词＋关系代词 ” 引导的定语从句 1 ．“介词＋关系代词 ” 引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用 which 或 whom ，且不能省略。 ◆ ( 安徽卷 )Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 ◆ Do you know the girl with/to whom the teacher talked just now? 你认识刚才和老师谈话的那个女孩吗？ 2 ． “ 名词 / 不定代词 / 数词 / 形容词比较级或最高级＋ of ＋ which/whom ” 引导的定语从句，表示整体与部分的关系。 ◆ ( 2016· 浙江卷 )Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears ， none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 ◆ (2016· 江苏卷 )Many young people ， most of whom were well - educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 / 单句改错 1 ． ( 2018· 启东中学月考 )The house, ______ door often stays open until late at night, works as a home for the guards, some of ______ are from the countryside. 2 ． ( 2018· 江苏苏州中学月考 )—Thank you for your assistance, without ______ I might have been in danger. — That's all right, anyone in my place would have done the same thing. 3 ． ( 浙江卷 )The children, all of them had played the whole day long, were worn out. _____________ whose whom which them → whom Ⅰ . 单句语法填空 1 ． ( 2018· 河南天一大联考 )Beijing Opera has a history of 200 years________origin can be seen as old local operas, especially Anhui Opera. 【 解析 】 句中 origin can be seen as old local operas, especially Anhui Opera. 为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Beijing Opera ，并在定语从句作定语，故填 whose 。 【 答案 】 whose 2 ． ( 2018· 福建龙岩质检 )This is such a place________all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting. 【 解析 】 句意：这是一个全世界所有的人都梦想游览的地方。定语从句的先行词为 a place ，其前有 such 修饰，应用关系代词 as 引导。 【 答案 】 as 3 ． ( 2018· 浙江瑞安第一次四校联考 )The air quality in the city ， ________is shown in the report ， has improved over the past two months. 【 解析 】 句意：正如报告中所表明的，在过去的两个月里，城市的空气质量有所改善。此处 as 引导的是非限制性定语从句，意为 “ 正如，正像 ” ，指代整个主句。 【 答案 】 as 4 ． ( 2018· 广东七校联合体联考 )This woman has set a good example to her son ， ________is a really lucky guy. 【 解析 】 考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限性定语从句，先行词为 her son ，故用 who 。 【 答案 】 who 5 ． ( 2018· 安徽师大附中阶段性测试 )Over the years, I have met some interesting people.Two of the most interesting people were two elderly sisters ， Joan and Bernice ， ________way of talking about people inspired me. 【 解析 】 考查定语从句。 whose 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语，先行词为 Joan and Bernice 。 【 答案 】 whose 6 ． ( 2018· 河南、河北七所名校联考 )The shelter ， ________ is designed for the thousands of traders and shoppers at Bangkok's night market ， has become an attraction itself. 【 解析 】 考查定语从句。先行词是 The shelter ，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用 which 。 【 答案 】 which 7 ． (2018· 山西晋商四校联考 )Finally, after four hours, they arrived at the campsite________their parents were waiting. 【 解析 】 句意：最后，在 4 个小时之后他们到达了营地，他们的父母正在那里等着他们。先行词为 campsite ，将先行词代入定语从句后可知，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填 where 。 【 答案 】 where 8 ． ( 2018· 潍坊实验中学模拟 )At 16, I left home to do part - time jobs ， ________made me understand “ East or west ， home is the best ” better. 【 解析 】 第二个逗号后面为非限制性定语从句，引导词作主语且代替前面的整个句子，故用 which 引导。 【 答案 】 which 9 ． ( 2018· 湖北四地七校联考 )I'm so grateful to all these people, with________help I have been accustomed to American culture and gained a lot of knowledge. 【 解析 】 句意：我非常感激所有这些人，在他们的帮助下我已经习惯了美国文化，并获得了很多知识。关系词在从句中作定语，故用 whose 。 【 答案 】 whose 10 ． ( 2018· 石家庄检测一 )Also, I think it's helpful to put up some boards along the tourist attractions________tourists can leave messages. 【 解析 】 考查定语从句的关系词。分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为 boards ，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用 where 引导该定语从句。 【 答案 】 where 11 ． ( 2018· 湖北八校联考 )Altogether I had five roommates ， two of________arrived later. 【 解析 】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，应用 whom 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作介词 of 的宾语，修饰先行词 five roommates 。 【 答案 】 whom 12 ． ( 2018· 河南洛阳第一次统考 )It was a time________my family was going through financial difficulties. 【 解析 】 句意：那段时间，我的家庭正经历财政困难。根据句意以及句子结构可知 my family was going through financial difficulties 为定语从句， a time 为先行词，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故用 when 。 【 答案 】 when 13 ． ( 2018· 甘肃兰州一中期中 )By the way, it's my sincere hope that you can spare some time for a visit to Tianjin again ， ________has changed a lot since 2018. 【 解析 】 分析句子结构可知，句中含有一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为 Tianjin ，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词 which 引导。 【 答案 】 which 14 ． ( 2018· 江西重点中学联盟联考 )At Pets Corner, we have always tried to apply an honest and moral approach to everything________we do. 【 解析 】 根据句意我们总是试图去将一种诚实和道德的方法运用到我们做的所有事上。此处先行词为 everything ，且关系词在定语从句中作宾语，故用关系代词 that 。 【 答案 】 that 15 ． ( 2018· 福建六校联考 )Get yourself familiar with local laws and customs of the countries to________you are traveling. 【 解析 】 句意：熟悉一下你要去旅行的那几个国家的当地法律和风俗。分析句子结构可知，本句含 “ 介词＋关系代词 ” 引导的定语从句，先行词为 countries ，指物，故填 which 。 【 答案 】 which 16 ． ( 2018· 天津十二区县重点中学联考 )You may search on the Internet for professors and their courses about the university________may interest you. 【 解析 】 句意：你可以在网上搜索这所大学中你感兴趣的教授和他们的课程信息。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为 professors and their courses ，既有人又有物，且关系词在从句中作主语，故用 that 引导该从句。 【 答案 】 that 17 ． ( 2018· 河北武邑中学调研 )You gain strength and confidence by every experience________you look like a failure on the face of it and still carry on. 【 解析 】 此处是限制性定语从句，先行词是 every experience ，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故填 where ，相当于 in which 。 【 答案 】 where 18 ． ( 2018· 河南中原名校联考 )I have made a habit of saying “Thank you” to those________offer their seats to the fellow passengers on public transport. 【 解析 】 句意：我已经习惯对那些在公共交通工具上把座位让给同车的乘客的人说声 “ 谢谢 ” 。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为 those ，指代人，且关系词在从句中作主语，故用 who 。 【 答案 】 who 19 ． ( 2018· 成都一诊 ) After that, you can go to your host family________you can experience the Chinese way of life. 【 解析 】 句意：在那之后，你可以去你的寄宿家庭，在那里你可以体验中国的生活。此处 host family 为定语从句的先行词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故应用 where 。 【 答案 】 where 20 ． ( 2018· 贵州遵义航天高中二模 )That little act of kindness made everyone________saw it feel good—but it made me feel the best of all! 【 解析 】 此处是限制性定语从句，先行词是 everyone ，指人，定语从句中缺少主语，故填 who/that 。 【 答案 】 who/that Ⅱ . 单句改错 1 ． ( 2018· 浙江温州中学适应性考试 )There are many problems when I am abroad alone, especially when I am in the Czech Republic, its official language is not English. __________ 【 解析 】 句中含有一个定语从句，先行词是 the Czech Republic ，关系词在从句中作定语，所以用 whose 。 【 答案 】 its → whose 2 ． ( 2018· 吉林吉大附中月考 )From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge helps us to seek the truth. __________ 【 解析 】 分析句子结构可知，本句主语为 I ，谓语为 have learnt ， that 引导宾语从句，作 learnt 的宾语， can serve 为从句的谓语，与 helps 之间无连词连接，由此可判断， bridge 后为定语从句，先行词为 bridge ，指物，在从句中作主语，故用 that 或 which 引导该从句。故在 bridge 后加 that 或 which 。 【 答案 】 bridge 后加 that 或 which 3 ． ( 2018· 湖南师范大学附中月考 )It was known to all ， the Internet is playing an important part in our daily life. __________ 【 解析 】 逗号前为定语从句，所以要用关系词引导； It 是指示代词，不能起到连接的作用；又因这个定语从句在先行词前，结合语境可知只能用 As ，在句首要大写。 【 答案 】 It → As 4 ． ( 2018· 湖北八校考 ) On an autumn afternoon, we were sent to a farm which we learned to plant potatoes. __________ 【 解析 】 句意：在一个秋日的下午，我们被送到一个农场，在那里我们学会了种土豆。根据句意以及句子结构可知，句中的 “ which we learned to plant potatoes ” 为定语从句，先行词为 farm ，关系词在从句中作状语，表示地点，故应用关系副词 where 引导定语从句。此处也可以在 which 前面加 on ， on which 相当于 where 。 【 答案 】 which → where 或在 which 前加 on 5 ． ( 2018· 河南漯河高级中学第三次模拟 )I will say something about a foreign place that I want to stay for a leisure time. __________ 【 解析 】 句意：我将谈谈想在国外休闲一段时间的地方。根据语境可知，句中含有定语从句，修饰先行词 a foreign place ，从句中 stay 是不及物动词，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，应该用关系副词 where 。 【 答案 】 that → where 6 ． ( 2018· 河北五校联考 )Confucius Institutes are good places where to learn about the Chinese culture. __________ 【 解析 】 句意：孔子学院是一个可以了解中国文化的好地方。分析句子结构可知， to learn about the Chinese culture 为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰 good places ，故 where 是多余的。 【 答案 】 删掉 where 7 ． ( 2018· 青岛市模拟 )And I'll never forget the days when we spent together. __________ 【 解析 】 the days 后面为定语从句，引导词在从句中作 spent 的宾语，应用 that/which 引导，也可省略引导词。 【 答案 】 when → that/which 或去掉 when 8 ． ( 2018· 河南郑州高三质量检测 )Every time I look at the pictures for which I took, I will remember the water, the bridges and the houses. __________ 【 解析 】 根据从句谓语的搭配看，这里 which 引导的定语从句不需要介词， take pictures 意为 “ 拍照 ” 。 【 答案 】 去掉 for 9 ． ( 2016· 湖南六校联考 )Actually she is an exchange student from Ireland, which has been studying in my school for two months. __________ 【 解析 】 此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 an exchange student ，指人，并且在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词 who 。 【 答案 】 which → who 10 ． ( 2018· 山西重点中学协作体期中 )Above all, they hosted an American student last year, through that they gained lots of experience. __________ 【 解析 】 在 “ 介词＋关系代词 ” 引导的定语从句中，当先行词是人时，关系代词只用 whom ，当先行词是物或前面整个句子时，关系代词只用 which 。故把 that 改为 which 。 【 答案 】 that → which