专题05+写作-2018年高考英语考试大纲解读 9页

‎2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲（英语）‎ 阅读解读 ‎ 《2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》（英语）中有关写作的要求： ‎ 要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。考生应能：‎ ‎（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；‎ ‎（2）有效运用所学语言知识。‎ ‎【解读】‎ 写作是语言运用能力的重要表现形式。该部分要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。考生应能：‎ ‎ 1.准确使用语法和词汇 ‎　　语言的准确性是写作中不可忽视的一个重要方面，因为它直接或问接地影响到信息的准确传输。应用语法结构和词汇的准确程度是写作部分评分标准中的一项重要内容。‎ ‎ 2.使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思 任何一篇文章都需要有一个主题，作者应该围绕该主题，使用合适的句型、词组等，清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。‎ 近三年新课标全国卷高考英语书面表达考查情况一览表 卷别 项目 体裁 命题形式 话题 ‎2017‎ 全国卷I 应用文（电子邮件）‎ 提纲式 告知上课计划 全国卷II 应用文（邀请函）‎ 提纲式 邀请参观艺术展 全国卷III 应用文（邀请函）‎ 提纲式 邀请朋友加入校乒乓球队 ‎2016‎ 全国卷Ⅰ 应用文（求助信）‎ 提纲式 请外教帮你修改求职信 全国卷Ⅱ 应用文（邀请信）‎ 提纲式 邀请英国朋友参加国际中学生摄影展 全国卷Ⅲ 应用文（道歉信）‎ 提纲式 因故不能赴约给好友写道歉信 ‎2015‎ 全国卷Ⅰ 应用文（约稿信）‎ 提纲式 关于美国节日风俗 和中学生生活的约稿 全国卷Ⅱ 应用文（邀请信）‎ 提纲式 邀请外教去敬老院陪老人们过重阳节 ‎ 综观近三年新课标全国卷的高考书面表达题可知，体裁主要为应用文，以考查书信和电子邮件为主，话题贴近考生的生活实际。这种考查方式不仅体现了高考重视对考生英语能力的考查，而且也引导考生关注英美国家的文化和社会生活，关注中国传统文化和社会主义核心价值观。‎ ‎ 预计2018年高考新课标全国卷对书面表达的考查仍将文字提纲类为主，考查实用性强的书信体。但为了使考生发挥出写作水平，试题将保持较大的开放性，给出文字提纲会高度简洁、概括，为考生留有较大的发挥空间。‎ ‎★ 提纲式 ‎【样题1】‎ 假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸（paper-cutting）艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1.展览时间、地点；‎ ‎2.展览内容。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎【写作指导】‎ 题目要求写封邮件邀请外教参观中国剪纸艺术展。写作情境设置真实，任务要求符合学生能力水平，自然地融入了我国优秀传统文化(剪纸papercutting)的内容，能够引导学生在使用外语了解世界的同时，注重传承发扬中华民族优秀文明成果，运用中国元素讲中国故事，增强文化自信。该写作贴近学生生活，学生有话可说。考生成文时应注意：1. 结构采用三段成文：第一段自我介绍并引出话题；第二段具体交代活动时间、地点；第三段较为详细地交代展览内容。2. 时态：以一般将来时和一般现在时为主。3. 人称：第一人称。4. 注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅。5. 适当使用一些高级词汇和句型以提高作文档次。‎ ‎【范文】‎ Dear Henry，‎ I'm Li Hua, one of your students in your cultural class. I know you're interested in one of Chinese traditional art forms—papercutting. So I invite you to attend an exhibition of ‎ it. ‎ It'll be held from June 10 to July 10 this year and the opening time is from 9：00 am to 7：00 pm from Monday to Saturday and the place of the exhibition is at the City Gallery, which is located at 118, Jian Guo Road, Hai Dian District. Shall we go there together this Friday afternoon? I will meet you at 2：00 pm at the teaching building gate if you like. ‎ You know we Chinese have a lot of traditional art forms, of which papercutting is one of the most popular. In the exhibition, you will enjoy many special kinds of papercuttings. Maybe you can learn one or two skills of the cutting. ‎ Looking forward to your early reply.‎ Regards, ‎ Li Hua ‎【样题2】 ‎ ‎ 假设你是晨光中学的学生会主席李津。一批来自英国的高中生与你校学生开展了为期两周的交流活动。现在，他们即将回国，你将在欢送会上致辞。请根据以下提示写一篇发言稿。‎ ‎(1)回顾双方的交流活动(如学习、生活、体育、文艺等方面)；‎ ‎(2)谈谈收获或感想；‎ ‎(3)表达祝愿与期望。‎ 注意：‎ ‎(1)词数不少于100；‎ ‎(2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；‎ ‎(3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear friends,‎ ‎ How time flies!____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ Thank you.‎ ‎【写作指导】‎ ‎1. 细心审题，梳理要点 ‎ 本篇书面表达给出了写作要点，要求考生根据写作要点写一篇发言稿。由于写作要点很短，如果只对写作要点进行逐字翻译就会导致词数不够、内容不连贯等问题，因此我们需要细心审题，梳理要点信息。从题干内容可知，本文要求写一篇欢送词，欢送的对象是一批来自英国的高中生，主要围绕＂交流活动＂展开。欢送词还需要表达对对方的祝愿。‎ ‎2. 整合要点，构建框架 ‎ 根据要点提示，可以写成三段式的文章：(1)第一段对＂交流活动＂作简短的总结；(2)第二段为中心段，详细介绍通过这次活动，同学们的收获及自己的感想；(3)最后一段表达对对方的祝愿与自己的期望。注意人称以第一人称为主，时态主要采用现在完成时和一般现在时。‎ ‎3. 合理布局，完善细节 ‎ 文章开头部分语言应简洁，开门见山，直接点名主题，即＂交流活动＂的收获；第二部分对活动中具体的收获进行举例说明，如学习、生活、体育、文艺等方面，需要考生结合自己的经验和感悟进行发挥；最后对即将要分别的客人表示祝福。‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Dear friends, ‎ ‎ How time flies! Two weeks have passed since you came to our school for the exchange program, which we all have benefited from.‎ ‎ During these two weeks, we have studied and lived together, which gives us the opportunity to promote our friendship. Doing sports as a team has enabled us to know each other better. Your art skills are excellent and admirable, which leaves me a deep impression. I think all our classmates have learned a lot from our communication and the various activities.‎ ‎ Now, on behalf of my schoolmates, I wish you a safe return. I also hope that there will be more events of this kind in the future.‎ ‎ Thank you.‎ ‎★ 开放式 ‎【样题】‎ ‎ ＂Planning is good, but doing is better＂是一句英语名言。请以此为题用英语写一篇100~120词的短文。要求如下:‎ ‎1.简述你对这句名言的理解;‎ ‎2.用一个具体事例加以说明;‎ ‎3.给出恰当的结尾。‎ 注意:1.文章的标题已给出(不计词数);‎ ‎ 2.文中不得以任何形式透露地区、学校、老师或同学姓名等真实信息,否则按作弊行为认定。‎ Planning Is Good, But Doing Is Better ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【写作指导】‎ ‎ 本文为一篇开放式作文。题目给出标题和提纲。结合题目判断作文主要介绍要将计划付诸实施的重要性。围绕这个主旨去写，不能走题。提纲部分还要求三个方面：‎ ‎1.简述你对这句名言的理解；‎ ‎2.用一个具体事例加以说明；‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Planning Is Good, But Doing Is Better ‎ Planning is good as it decides in detail how we do what we want to do. However, a plan can bear no fruit without being actually carried out.‎ ‎ My experience in the English speech contest last October is a case in point. A month before the event, I spent hours working out a schedule outlining my goals and practical steps. After that, I set out to read widely for an inspiring topic, wrote a speech, and practiced its ‎ delivery in beautiful pronunciation with good public speech skills. I finally came out of the contest as the first prize winner.‎ ‎ I know how I achieved my success. It came from good planning and better doing combined.‎ ‎★ 图画式和图表式 写作模板 ‎ ‎【样题1】‎ ‎ 假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华。你班同学参加了学校的＂地球日＂系列活动。请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序,以＂Actions for a Greener Earth＂为题,给校刊＂英语角＂写一篇英文稿件,介绍活动的全过程。‎ 注意：词数不少于60。‎ 提示词：地球日 Earth Day ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【写作指导】‎ ‎　　北京卷书面表达第二节照例给出的是四幅图画组成的一个小故事。对于这类看图作文，我们首先要根据图画读懂故事，提炼要点（通常一幅图就是一个要点），然后再结合要点布局谋篇，搜寻好词好句，然后组词或组句。‎ ‎ 情景作文话题常规，＂地球日＂系列活动属于保护环境的体裁内容，属于常规考法。公告栏了解活动、分工制作、变废为宝的宣传活动、主题讲座都属于考前练习过的场景。故而总体难度适中。‎ ‎　　涉及到的具体细节参考词汇：‎ ‎　　图 1：a notice on the bulletin board, Actions for a Greener Earth, arouse students’ interest, learn about the activity ‎　　图 2：be divided into groups, transform waste into delicate articles, devote …to …‎ ‎　　图 3：hold an activity in the nearby community, promote the awareness of Green Earth to more people, turn waste into wealth, show support, give the articles to neighbors 图 4：hold a lecture in the auditorium, introduce the whole process of … and the importance of …‎ ‎【范文】‎ ‎ ①A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.‎ ‎ Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials. ②We brought to our classroom worn-out clothes, pieces of cardboard and empty plastic bottles, and turned those into dolls, handbags, tissue boxes and small vases. That weekend, we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave them away to the people there. All were very happy with those unexpected gifts, especially little kids and elderly people. We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.‎ ‎ We are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.‎ ‎【样题2】‎ ‎ 你们学校学生会最近组织了一次＂有烦恼时向谁倾诉？＂的调查活动。请根据以下的调查数据，用英语给校报写一篇新闻稿，反映调查结果。‎ 倾诉对象 同学和朋友 老师和家长 没有 百分比 ‎ 61%‎ ‎ 22%‎ ‎ 17%‎ 理由 同龄人容易交流 老师家长阅历丰富，‎ 不愿和别人说自己的事 和理解 有生活和教育经验 或难以与别人相处 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Editor，‎ ‎ Recently the Student Union carried out a survey，the title of which is ＂To whom do you go to when in trouble？＂ The results are as follows.‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours sincerely，‎ The Student Union ‎【参考范文】‎ Dear Editor，‎ ‎ Recently the Student Union carried out a survey，the title of which is ＂To whom do you go to when in trouble？＂ The results are as follows.‎ ‎ 61% of the students surveyed go to friends and classmates as their ideal listeners when they have trouble. The primary reason lies in the fact that they have a better understanding of each other(用动词understand和表语从句改写：1.The primary reason is that they better understand each other) so they can communicate well with each other. Another 22% choose parents and teachers to talk to for in their opinion，teachers and parents are rich in life and education experience and they can offer them practical advice on how to deal with the trouble(改为简单句：2.teachers and parents are rich in life and education experience，offering them practical advice on how to deal with the trouble)．However, 17% don’t tell their trouble to anyone. For one thing，they don’t want to share their inner thoughts with others. For another thing，they find it hard to get along well with others(用neither... nor...改写成倒装句：3.Neither do they want to share their inner thoughts with others and nor do they get along well with others)．‎ Yours sincerely，‎ The Student Union