2021版高考英语大一轮复习核心素养测评：十六Module4SandstormsinAsia外研版必修3 13页

核心素养测评十六 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A China will launch two Mars missions in 2020 and 2028 as four deep space exploration missions are planned before 2030. ‎ In December this year, China’s Chang’e-4 lunar probe(空间探测器)will land in Aitken Basin of the lunar south pole region on the far side of the moon, which is a hot spot for scientific and space exploration. ‎ The fourth phase of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program will include four missions before 2030, with a final goal to establish a research station on the Earth’s only natural satellite in the long term. ‎ The country will then launch its first Mars probe in 2020, which is expected to orbit, land and put a rover on the Red Planet in 2021, after ten months of flying. The second Mars probe is scheduled for 2028 to bring samples back to the Earth. China will also probe asteroids(小行星) and undertake an exploration mission to the Jupiter System around 2030. ‎ Li Guoping, director general of the Department of System Engineering at the China National Space Administration, said, “A new Long March 8 rocket using two 2. 25m-diameter solid-propelled boosters(助推器)is currently being researched and it will be launched in 2020. ”‎ The heavy-lift carrier rocket Long March 9 to be launched in 2028, will exceed 90 meters, and the rocket would have a core stage with a diameter of 10 meters, and be able to carry a payload of 140 tonnes into low-Earth orbit, five times that of the Long March 5, according to Li. ‎ He said, “China will strengthen its use of space technology to monitor the global climate and it plans to send into orbit two satellites. The country has also launched a program to study the probability of earthquake occurrence through electromagnetic monitoring. ”‎ Li stated, “China promotes cooperation between government and social capital 13‎ ‎ and will improve government procurement(采购) of commercial aerospace products and services. A new regulation regarding rocket launchers will be released shortly and the country supports open and shared commercial space launch sites. ”‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。中国计划于2020年和2028年进行两项火星探测任务。‎ ‎1. What will China’s first Mars probe be scheduled to do? ‎ A. To explore the Jupiter System. ‎ B. To bring samples back to the Earth. ‎ C. To circle and land on the Red Planet. ‎ D. To establish a research station on Mars. ‎ ‎【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The country will then launch its first Mars probe in 2020, which is expected to orbit, land and put a rover on the Red Planet in 2021, after ten months of flying. ”可知, 2020年中国将发射第一颗火星探测器在火星上环绕轨道、着陆并放置探测器。故选C。‎ ‎2. What’s the purpose of China strengthening its use of space technology? ‎ A. To watch the global climate. ‎ B. To monitor flood occurrence. ‎ C. To send three satellites into orbit. ‎ D. To promote its military competence. ‎ ‎【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“China will strengthen its use of space technology to monitor the global climate and it plans to send into orbit two satellites. ”可知, 中国将加强利用空间技术监测全球气候, 并计划将两颗卫星送入轨道。故选A。‎ ‎3. According to the passage, we can infer that 　　　.  ‎ A. there exists a strict regulation on rocket launchers in China B. China’s Chang’e-4 lunar probe has landed on the moon this year C. China hasn’t counted the Jupiter System in its outer space exploration program D. Chinese government welcomes social investment in its outer space exploration program ‎【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“China promotes cooperation between government and social capital and will improve government procurement of commercial 13‎ ‎ aerospace products and services. ”可知, 中国促进政府与社会资本的合作, 并将改进商业航天产品和服务的政府采购。故选D。‎ ‎4. This passage is likely to appear in a 　　　.  ‎ A. magazine　　　　　　B. newspaper　‎ C. textbook　　 D. weather report ‎【解析】选B。推理判断题。本文是一篇新闻报道。中国计划于2020年和2028年进行两项火星探测任务。所以文章应该来自新闻报纸。故选B。‎ B　　　‎ Hospitals in Southwest China’s Sichuan province for the first time used 5G technology for disaster medical rescue, after a magnitude 6. 0 earthquake hit Changning county on 17 June, 2019. This is the world’s first case of applying 5G technology to disaster medical rescue. ‎ ‎　　According to the official Weibo account of Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, at 1: 25 pm on 18 June, an ambulance equipped with a 5G emergency rescue system — the first of its kind in the country — carrying a medical team from Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital and engineers from China Mobile Sichuan Company and China Mobile (Chengdu) Industrial Research Institute assisting in the joint rescue efforts at Changning County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). At around 9: 30 pm, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital launched a 5G real-time remote video consultation with its medical team on a patient admitted to Changning County Hospital of TCM for a suspected spleen rupture (脾脏破裂). ‎ ‎　　According to Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, the 5G emergency rescue system, which puts artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (增强现实), virtual reality and drone (无人机) applications together, allows a series of medical checks including blood tests, electrocardiograms and ultrasounds (心电图和超声波) to be given to patients right away. The information can then be transferred back to the hospital in real time, which greatly saves time in rescuing patients. ‎ ‎　　The rescue system also helped a 72-year-old patient who had his bone broken in the earthquake. According to a report from Chinanews. com, a temporary ward supported by 5G technology was established at the epicenter of the disaster zone ‎ 13‎ for consultation with doctors from Chengdu, as the aged patient had a previous history of high blood pressure and cerebral infarction (脑梗塞), which made him need more careful treatment. ‎ ‎“The 5G-based network thoroughly solved the problems of poor definition and distortion (失真) of images, as well as interrupted signal transmission, ” said Li Wei, director of the emergency center of Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital. ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。2019年6月17日, 四川长宁县发生地震, 四川省人民医院在全球范围内首次将5G技术用于灾难医学救援。‎ ‎5. Who did the disaster medical rescue with 5G technology? ‎ A. Doctors and engineers. ‎ B. Firefighters and soldiers. ‎ C. Earthquake professionals. ‎ D. 5G rescue system’s inventors. ‎ ‎【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“an ambulance equipped with a 5G. . . carrying a medical team from Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital and engineers from China Mobile Sichuan Company and China Mobile (Chengdu) Industrial Research Institute”可知, 使用5G技术参加灾难救援的有四川省人民医院的医疗队以及中国移动四川公司和中国移动(成都)产业研究院的工程师们。‎ ‎6. How was the rescue carried out? ‎ A. By consulting online in real time. ‎ B. By performing an operation on the patient’s spleen. ‎ C. By sending patients to Chengdu. ‎ D. By giving patients remote medical checks. ‎ ‎【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital launched a 5G real-time remote video consultation with its medical team on a patient admitted to Changning County Hospital of TCM for a suspected spleen rupture (脾脏破裂)”可知, 本次救援是通过利用5G技术对病人进行实时远程会诊。‎ ‎7. What is the advantage of the 5G emergency rescue system? ‎ A. Spending less time in rescuing patients. ‎ B. Treating all patients without any doctors. ‎ 13‎ C. Using an advanced technology. ‎ D. Promoting the accuracy of medical diagnosis. ‎ ‎【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The information can then be transferred back to the hospital in real time, which greatly saves time in rescuing patients”可知, 5G应急救援系统能够大大节省抢救病人的时间。‎ ‎8. Why did the aged patient need more careful treatment? ‎ A. He was too old to be cured. ‎ B. He had diseases of old age. ‎ C. He had the worst injury to his legs. ‎ D. He didn’t follow doctors’ advice. ‎ ‎【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“as the aged patient had a previous history of high blood pressure and cerebral infarction, which made him need more careful treatment”可知, 这位老年病人有高血压和脑梗塞病史, 需要更仔细的治疗。‎ ‎9. What is the text talking about? ‎ A. A deadly earthquake in China. ‎ B. 5G technology first used in disaster medical rescue. ‎ C. Ways of applying 5G technology to medicine. ‎ D. The first 5G emergency rescue system. ‎ ‎【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据文章第一段, 再结合后文内容可知, 2019年6月17日, 四川长宁县发生地震, 5G技术在全球范围内被首次用于灾难医学救援。‎ Ⅱ. 完形填空 When I first met my new parrot, Chico, his wings had been cut short. He couldn’t fly and he was stuck on the 　1　 just like us humans. When the weather turned nice, I would take Chico outside. I 　2　 him on a branch of a tree, hoping to make him happier. At first he seemed confused. He walked back and forth on the branch looking 　3　. He didn’t even flap(拍打) his wings in a(n)　4　 to fly. Somehow he knew he was incapable.  ‎ One day Chico got especially excited. He paced back and forth and made an incredible amount of noise. Then all of a sudden he stopped and 　5　 an even louder scream. He started 　6　 flapping his wings for the first time ever—then he 　7　‎ 13‎ ‎ off the branch like a space shuttle! I was amazed and shocked. Little did I know his feathers had been growing back, and Chico had been waiting until the moment was ripe for 　8　!  ‎ Two days later Chico returned. First I tried to 　9　 him back with food, but he would not come near me. Then I took his cage and 　10　 it away—still he would not come. Finally, I made him a firm 　11　 that I would let him out every day if the weather was nice as long as he did come back. 　12　, he flew onto my shoulder.  ‎ From that day on, whenever the weather was good I would let him out 　13　 and he would fly around and be back before dark. The 　14　 lasted for two months until suddenly Chico became weak. The vet said that he had been infected with a 　15　 from the pigeons in the neighbourhood. Within a few days he died.  ‎ I was very sad. The 　16　 crossed my mind that if I had not set him free to fly, he would be still alive. But what 　17　 is there in being a bird if you can’t fly?  ‎ Chico 　18　 his first breakthrough for freedom on a late Monday afternoon in April. When will you make yours? You too can 　19　 a chance when the conditions are right, knowing you too, in your own way, were built to fly. If you don’t set yourself free, what will be the 　20　 of your life?  ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文主要讲了自己的鹦鹉的事情。‎ ‎1. A. cage　　 B. scene　　C. earth　　D. stage ‎【解析】选C。句意: 这只鹦鹉就像人一样不会飞, 只能待在地上。cage笼子; scene场景, 一幕; earth地球, 地面; stage舞台。‎ ‎2. A. brought B. seated C. caught D. chased ‎【解析】选B。句意: 我把鹦鹉放在树枝上, 希望它能开心。bring带来; seat使坐下; catch抓住; chase追赶。‎ ‎3. A. delighted B. painful C. anxious D. guilty ‎【解析】选C。鹦鹉在树枝上来来回回地走, 说明它很焦虑紧张。delighted高兴的; painful痛苦的; anxious焦虑的; guilty内疚的。‎ ‎4. A. attempt B. order C. journey D. reason 13‎ ‎【解析】选A。此处指鹦鹉甚至没有拍动翅膀去尝试飞行, 不知为什么它知道自己没有飞行的能力。attempt尝试; order命令; journey旅行; reason原因。in an attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事。‎ ‎5. A. gave away B. took on C. laid out D. let out ‎【解析】选D。此处指鹦鹉发出尖叫声。give away泄露; 赠送; take on雇用; 呈现; lay out展开, 布置; let out发出(叫声), 泄露(秘密)。‎ ‎6. A. proudly B. madly C. slowly D. gracefully ‎【解析】选B。此处指鹦鹉疯狂地拍打翅膀。proudly骄傲地, 自豪地; madly疯狂地, 发疯地; slowly慢慢地; gracefully优雅地。‎ ‎7. A. cut B. fell C. knocked D. lifted ‎【解析】选D。此处指鹦鹉飞离树枝。cut off切断; fall off从……上面掉下来; knock off击倒/撞下来; lift off离开地面, 起飞。‎ ‎8. A. struggle B. exchange C. escape D. rescue ‎【解析】选C。此处指鹦鹉是等着时机成熟准备逃跑。struggle挣扎; exchange交换; escape逃跑; rescue营救。‎ ‎9. A. trick B. fasten C. seize D. expect ‎【解析】选A。此处指作者用食物引诱没有效果, 然后把它的鸟笼收起来, 想通过这个方法让鹦鹉靠近。trick欺骗; fasten系牢; seize抓住; expect期望。‎ ‎10. A. turned B. drove C. put D. threw ‎【解析】选C。此处指把鸟笼收起来。turn away转身离开, 打发走; drive away赶走, 驱车离开; put. . . away把……收起来放好; throw away扔掉。‎ ‎11. A. contract B. promise C. hand D. feather ‎【解析】选B。此处指作者答应在天气好的时候让鹦鹉出去, 鹦鹉终于落到了作者的肩上。contract合同; promise许诺, 答应; hand手; feather羽毛。‎ ‎12. A. Once in a while B. As usual C. In the meantime D. At last ‎【解析】选D。此处指鹦鹉终于落到了作者的肩上。once in a while偶尔; as 13‎ ‎ usual像往常一样; in the meantime同时; at last最后。‎ ‎13. A. early B. lately C. sometimes D. firmly ‎【解析】选A。此处指作者早早地把鹦鹉放出去。early早早地; lately最近; sometimes有时; firmly坚定地。‎ ‎14. A. practice B. deed C. routine D. recreation ‎【解析】选C。此处指他天气好的时候让鹦鹉出去是惯例。practice练习, 做法; deed行为, 契约; routine惯例, 固定的舞步; recreation娱乐。‎ ‎15. A. spirit B. disease C. relationship D. diet ‎【解析】选B。此处指兽医说它从社区里其他鸽子那里感染上疾病了。spirit精神; disease疾病; relationship关系; diet饮食, 节食。‎ ‎16. A. thought B. fact C. concern D. detail ‎【解析】选A。一个想法出现在我的脑海里, 如果我不让它自由地飞翔, 它可能现在还活着。thought想法; fact事实; concern关心, 担心; detail细节。‎ ‎17. A. profit B. mistake C. interest D. meaning ‎【解析】选D。此处指作为一只鸟不会飞行有什么意义。profit利润; mistake错误; interest利益, 兴趣; meaning意思, 意义。‎ ‎18. A. discovered B. delivered C. achieved D. announced ‎【解析】选C。在四月份的一个星期一的下午较晚的时候Chico为了自由而取得了第一次的突破。discover发现; deliver送; achieve实现, 取得; announce宣布。‎ ‎19. A. lose B. envy C. deserve D. take ‎【解析】选D。当条件合适时, 你也能抓住机会, 知道你天生也可以以自己的方式飞翔。lose失去; envy嫉妒; deserve值得; take取走。take a chance抓住机会。‎ ‎20. A. success B. purpose C. contribution D. entertainment ‎【解析】选B。此处指没有了自由, 生活就没有了目的和意义。success成功; purpose目的; contribution贡献; entertainment娱乐。‎ 13‎ ‎【知识拓展】佳词积累 ‎1. be stuck　　　　 被困住 ‎2. back and forth 来回地 ‎3. incapable adj. 不能的 ‎4. all of a sudden 突然 ‎5. ripe adj. 成熟的 ‎6. be infected with 被……感染 ‎7. set. . . free　 释放 Ⅲ. 语法填空 ‎　　阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ On August 29, 2017, I watched TV report of Hurricane Harvey hitting my city, Houston. I 1. 　　　　(immediate) checked e-mails on my phone and found 2. 　　　　 article about a special group—thousands of selfless volunteers pilot their boats into 3. 　　　　(flood) areas, helping people. The article explained that they were using an app called Zello 4. 　　　　(communicate)with one another. I downloaded the app, found the channel and started listening.  ‎ Voice after voice came through my phone—some asking for help, others ‎ ‎5. 　　　　(reply)that they were on their way.  ‎ At 2: 20 am, the woman taking calls had to stop. They asked 6. 　　　　 anyone could replace her and work through the night taking rescue 7. 　　　　 (request). I said yes. I got a two-minute “training” session. Minutes later, I took request after request. All night long, I had been telling them to “hang on—we will be there soon”.  ‎ After 2: 00 pm, the calls for rescue 8. 　　　　(slow) down. At 3: 02, I got a text from Shaundra 9. 　　　　 read, “Ma’am, thank you. My grandfather is on his way to a rescue center. ” ‎ I let out a huge sigh of 10. 　　　　(relieve). At 6: 00 pm, I closed my laptop. Thinking back that without sleeping for 34 hours, I couldn’t believe what I had experienced.  ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文作者介绍了在一次飓风袭击自己的城市后, 自己怎样参与救援的。‎ 13‎ ‎1. 【解析】immediately。此处需要用副词修饰后面的动词checked。‎ ‎2. 【解析】an。第一次提到article(文章), 所以用不定冠词。不定冠词a/an泛指数量“一”。‎ ‎3. 【解析】flooded。此处flooded是过去分词, 作定语修饰后面的名词areas, 表示“被淹没的地区”。‎ ‎4. 【解析】to communicate。此处是use sth. to do sth. 的结构, 表示“用某物去做某事”。‎ ‎5. 【解析】replying。破折号后面是描述voice的内容。根据前面的some asking for help, 可知此处的结构是others relying. . . 。‎ ‎6. 【解析】if/whether。此处表示他们问是否有人能替代她。if/whether表示“是否”, 引导宾语从句。‎ ‎7. 【解析】requests。此处request是可数名词, 前面没有表示单数概念的词, 所以用复数形式。‎ ‎8. 【解析】slowed。整篇文章描述的是过去的事情, 所以用过去有关的时态。根据时间状语After 2: 00 pm可知此处用一般过去时。‎ ‎9. 【解析】that/which。that/which引导定语从句修饰text。关系代词that/which在定语从句中作主语。‎ ‎10. 【解析】relief。根据介词of可知此处需要名词。a sigh of relief松了一口气。‎ 阅读理解 ‎　　Acid rain, which is a form of air pollution, currently becomes a subject of great debate because of widespread environmental damage for which it has been blamed. It forms when oxides of sulfur (硫) and nitrogen (氮) combine with atmospheric moisture to yield sulfuric and nitric acids, which may then be carried long distances from their source before they drop in the form of rain. The pollution may also take the form of snow or fog or fall down in dry forms. In fact, although the term“acid rain” has been in use for more than a century—it is derived from atmospheric studies that were made in the region of Manchester, England—the more accurate scientific term would be “acid deposition(沉降)”. The dry form of such deposition is just as damaging to the environment as the liquid form. ‎ The problem of acid rain originated with the Industrial Revolution, and it has ‎ 13‎ been growing ever since. Its effects have long been recognized in heavily industrialized areas. The danger of acid rain, however, has become evident only in recent decades. One large area that has been studied extensively is northern Europe, where acid rain has injured crops and forests, and threatened lives in freshwater lakes. In 1984, for example, environmental reports indicated that almost half of the trees in Germany’s Black Forest had been damaged by acid rain. The northeastern United States and eastern Canada have also been particularly affected by this form of pollution. Damage has also been detected in other areas of these countries and other regions of the world. ‎ Industrial emissions(释放) have been blamed as the major cause of acid rain. Because the chemical reactions involved in the production of acid rain in the atmosphere are complex and as yet little understood. Industries have tended to challenge such assessments and to stress the need for further studies and because of the cost of pollution reduction, governments have tended to support this attitude. ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文介绍了酸雨, 它的形成以及危害等。‎ ‎1. From the first sentence of the passage, we learn that 　　　　.  ‎ A. acid rain has caused air pollution B. acid rain has caused widespread environmental damage C. acid rain has become a much-studied subject D. acid rain travels in all directions before it rains down ‎【解析】选B。细节理解题。文章第一句的意思是: 酸雨是一种空气污染的形式, 由于它所造成的广泛的环境破坏, 目前它已成为了激烈争议的话题。由此可以得出结论: 酸雨给环境带来了大面积的破坏。只有B项符合原意。‎ ‎【误区警示】干扰选项是A。A项“酸雨引起空气污染”, 这与原文酸雨本身是一种空气污染有出入。‎ ‎2. According to the passage, acid fog 　　　　.  ‎ A. falls down when the atmosphere is moist B. is not as frequent as acid rain C. often falls in the region of Manchester, England D. is as damaging as acid rain 13‎ ‎【解析】 D。细节理解题。根据关键词acid fog 定位第一段最后一句The dry form of such deposition is just as damaging to the environment as the liquid form. 干性的酸性沉降对环境的破坏作用与液体形式的一样大。这里所说的“固态”形式指上文提到的酸雾、酸雪等。故答案为D项。‎ ‎3. The second paragraph is mainly about 　　　　.  ‎ A. the origin of acid rain B. the cause of acid rain C. the formation of acid rain D. the widespread damage of acid rain ‎【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据上下文推断, 本段的中心句是该段的The danger of acid rain, however, has become evident only in recent decades. 然而, 酸雨的危害直到近几十年才引起人们的注意。所以这里强调的是酸雨的危害, 而非酸雨的来历、酸雨的诱因或者酸雨的形成。故答案为D项。‎ ‎4. According to the passage, governments 　　　　.  ‎ A. deny that industries cause acid rain B. admit that they are only partly responsible C. claim that they are the main sources of pollution D. think that the cause of acid rain needs further study ‎【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据题干关键词government定位最后一段to stress the need for further studies and because of the cost of pollution reduction, governments have tended to support this attitude, 由此可知, 政府认为酸雨的成因需要进一步研究。故D项为答案。‎ ‎【知识拓展】背景链接 酸雨正式的名称为酸性沉降, 是指pH值小于5. 6的雨、雪、雾、 雹等大气降水。它可分为“湿沉降”与“干沉降”两大类, 前者指的是所有气状污染物或粒状污染物, 随着雨、雪、雾或雹等降水形态而落到地面, 后者是指在不降雨的日子, 从空中降下来的灰尘所带的一些酸性物质。‎ 酸雨的危害是多方面的, 包括对人体健康、生态系统和建筑设施都有直接和潜在的危害。酸雨可使儿童免疫功能下降, 慢性咽炎、支气管哮喘发病率增加, 同时可使老人眼部、呼吸道患病率增加。‎ 13‎ 13‎