高中英语必修2教案：The Olympic Games -知识点复习学案 11页

The Olympic Games -知识点复习学案 核心单词 ‎1. compete vi.比赛；竞争 联想拓展 compete with 与……竞争 compete for 竞争以获得……‎ compete with/against sb. for sth. ‎ 为得到某物与某人竞争 compete in (a game, a match) 参加；在……方面竞争 be in competition with sb.和某人竞争 competition n.比赛；竞争 competitor n.比赛者;竞争者 competitive adj.竞争的;有竞争力的 ‎ 易混辨析 compete/contest ‎ compete 表示“为了争得名次、奖金，合同等”，并不含有将对手征服的意思。‎ ‎ contest 所表示的竞赛可以是友谊赛，也可以是有敌意的竞赛，旨在比试技能、能力、力气、耐力等，此外还可以表示赢得选举。‎ He believed that nobody could compete with/against him. ‎ 他认为没有人能和他竞争。‎ More than 1,000 competitors took part in the competition to compete for the first prize. ‎ ‎1 000多名选手参加了争夺一等奖的比赛。‎ He has now competed in two Olympics.‎ 他已经参加过两届奥运会了。 ‎ 高手过招 ‎(1)单项填空 ‎ Our athletes will some games, such as running and wrestling. They have the hope to get some gold medals. （2009·12·江西南昌一中检测）‎ A. compete B. compete in C. Join D. attend ‎ ‎(2)用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 （原创）‎ compete with/compete against/compete for/compete in ‎ ‎①It’s difficult for small markets to big ones.‎ ‎②Will you the 100-metre race?‎ ‎③The two athletes will the gold medal.‎ 解析： (1) 选B。compete的意思是“竞技；比赛”，后面跟宾语时，用compete in表示“参加”；attend仅有“参加某项活动”的意思；表示参加活动也可以用join in。‎ ‎(2)①compete with/against ‎②compete in ③compete for ‎2. admit vt.&vi.准许进入；容许；接纳(常用被动结构);承认 联想拓展 be admitted as ... 被接受为…… ‎ be admitted (to/into) 被准许进入……‎ admit (to) sth./doing 承认某事/做过某事 admit that 承认……‎ admit sb./sth. to be 承认……是 It is/was admitted that普遍认为……‎ He was admitted as a member of the basketball team. ‎ 他被接受成为篮球队的一名队员。‎ Only 200 children were admitted to/into the school every year.‎ 那时每年只有200名儿童获准入学。‎ Will you admit having broken the window? ‎ 你承不承认你打破了窗户？‎ They freely admit that they still have a lot to learn.‎ 他们坦率承认，他们要学的东西还很多。‎ He admitted his words to be mistaken.‎ 他承认自己的话错了。‎ 高手过招 ‎(1)单项填空 Little Tom admitted in the examination, that he wouldn’t do that in future. （2009·12·山东东营模块检测）‎ A. to cheat; to promises ‎ B. cheating; promised ‎ C. having cheated; promising D. to have cheated; promised ‎(2)完成句子 （原创）‎ ‎①他供认驾驶了这辆没有保险的车。‎ He the car without insurance. ‎ ‎②幸运的是，去年他被一所名牌大学录取了。‎ Luckily, he a key university last year.‎ 解析：(1) 选C。考查非谓语动词。动词admit后常接动名词作宾语，即:admit doing 或admit having done，意为“承认做过某事”，据此排除A、D两项。句意为：小汤姆承认在考试中作弊了，并保证今后不再这样做。由于第二个空白处前面没有连词and,因此admit与promise不是两个并列的谓语动词，用promised形式是错误的， 而要用promising作伴随状语，故答案为C项。‎ ‎(2)①admitted driving ②was admitted to/into ‎3. replace vt. 代替；取代；替换 常用结构：‎ replace sth. 代替；取代……‎ replace sb. as 取代某人而成为 replace sb./sth. with/by 用……替换，以……接替 Teachers will never be replaced by computers in the classroom. ‎ 课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。‎ She replaced her husband as the local teacher. ‎ 她取代丈夫成了当地的老师。‎ I replaced the worn-out tools with/by new ones. ‎ 我用新工具来替换那些磨损不堪的旧工具。‎ 联想拓展 in place在适当的位置 ‎ out of place在不适当的位置 in one’s place=in the place of代替 ‎ take the place of=replace代替；替代 take place发生；举行 ‎ take one’s place就位，就座 instead of代替；而不是（介词短语）‎ With everything in place, she started lessons.‎ 一切就绪，她开始讲课 高手过招 单项填空 ‎ Bob is ill today. Who can him in our football match? （2009·12·福建厦门检测）‎ A. Replace B. take place ‎ C. instead of D. in the place of ‎ ‎ 解析：选A。根据句意此处有代替之意并且需要动词作谓语，replace=take the place of。instead of是介词短语，不能作谓语。‎ ‎4. marry v. (和某人)结婚；嫁；娶；把……嫁给……‎ 常用结构：‎ marry sb. 娶某人，嫁给某人（marry后不加介词）‎ marry sb. to sb. 把某人嫁给某人 marry well 嫁个有钱人 She married a rich man.‎ 她嫁给了一个有钱人。‎ He married both his daughters to rich businessmen.‎ 他把两个女儿都嫁给了富商。‎ 联想拓展 marriage n. 结婚；婚姻 married adj. 已婚的 ‎ get/be married (to sb.) （与某人）结婚 ‎ 易混辨析 marry/get married/be married ‎ marry与get married强调动作，不能与表示时间段的状语连用; be married强调状态，可以与表示时间段的状语连用。‎ 可以说She married/got married two years ago.‎ 或She has been married for two years.‎ 或It’s two years since she married/got married.‎ 但不可以说She has married/has got married for two years. ‎ 答案：①去掉to ②got→have been或for ten years→ten years ago ‎ ‎5. promise vt. 允诺，答应 vi.有希望；承诺；答应 n. 诺言，承诺；迹象，征兆 常用结构：‎ promise sth. 答应某事 promise sb. sth./promise sth. to sb. 答应给某人某物 promise (sb.)to do sth. 答应（某人）做什么事 promise (sb.) that ... 答应（某人）……‎ keep/carry out one’s promise 信守诺言 break/go back on one’s promise 违背诺言 ‎ make/give a promise 许诺/答应 Promise (me) never to be late again.‎ 答应（我）决不再迟到。‎ She promised her mother that she would come back.‎ 她答应妈妈会回来。‎ He made a promise to come back. ‎ 他答应回来了。‎ This year promises to be another good one for harvest.‎ 今年看来又是个丰收年。‎ 联想拓展 promising adj. 有希望的；有前途的 ‎ 高手过招 单项填空 The girl to be a good dancer if she is well trained in an art school. （2009·11·福建厦门检测）‎ A. expects B. allows ‎ C. Wishes D. Promises ‎ 解析：选D。由句意可知，此处为“女孩有希望成为优秀的舞者”，只有promise有“有希望”之意。 ‎ ‎6. charge n. 费用；指控，指责；主管；掌管 v. 指控；收费；要价；承担责任；掌管；充电；控诉 All goods are delivered free of charge. ‎ 一切物品免费送货。‎ She rejected the charge that the story was untrue.‎ 她否认了她编造事实的指控。‎ He took charge of the farm after his father’s death.‎ 父亲去世后，他掌管农场。‎ The committee has been charged with the development of sport.‎ 委员会已经承担了体育运动发展的责任。‎ What did he charge for the repairs?‎ 他们收了多少修理费？‎ Before use, the battery must be charged.‎ 使用前，电池必须充电。‎ He was charged with murder. ‎ 他被指控犯有谋杀罪。‎ 常用结构：‎ at no extra charge 无需额外付费 be charged with 被控告犯……罪 in/under the charge of 在某人照看（掌管）下 in charge of 处于控制或支配 ‎ （某人/某事物）的地位 free of charge 免费 charge sb. money for (doing) sth. 为做某事向某人收取费用 take charge 负责；控制局面 高手过招 ‎(1)单项填空 He told me that the factory was his brother. （2009·12·河北石家庄检测）‎ A. in charge of B. in charge for C. in the charge of D. in the charge for ‎ ‎(2)翻译句子 （原创）‎ ‎①这些病人由威尔逊医生治疗。‎ ‎②这儿由谁负责?‎ 解析：(1) 选C。 in the charge of意思是“在……掌管之下”，而in charge of 意思是“负责，掌管”。如: Who is in charge of the factory?‎ ‎(2)①These patients are under the charge of Dr Wilson.‎ ‎②Who’s in charge here?‎ ‎7. bargain n. 协议；廉价物 v.（与某人）讨价还价; 洽谈成交条件；谈判；讲条件 If you promote our goods, we will give you a good discount as our part of the bargain.‎ 若你方经销我们的货物, 我方愿给予你相当大的优惠作为回报。‎ It’s a bargain.这可是便宜货。‎ Never pay the advertised price for a car; always try to bargain.‎ 千万不要照牌价购买汽车, 总得讲讲价才是。‎ 常用结构：‎ make a bargain with sb. about/over/for sth.‎ 就某事与某人达成协议 bargain with sb. about/over/for sth. ‎ 就某事与某人讨价还价 a good/bad bargain 一笔划算/不划算的交易 高手过招 ‎(1)单项填空 The coat is really a good at such a low price. ‎ ‎ （2009·12·江西师大附中检测）‎ A. Matter B. pattern C. seller D. bargain ‎ ‎(2)翻译句子 （原创）‎ ‎①你做了一笔很划算的交易。‎ ‎②工会为缩短工作周而（与管理部门）讨价还价。‎ 解析：(1) 选D。考查词义辨析。从句中的“at such a low price”可以判断出前面要说的是“衣服很便宜”。英语中表示某东西买得便宜时可用 a good bargain这一固定搭配。‎ ‎(2)①You’ve got a good bargain.‎ ‎②The Unions bargained (with management) for a shorter working week.‎ ‎8. deserve vt.&vi.应受(报答或惩罚); 值得 The article deserves careful study. ‎ 这篇文章值得仔细研究。 ‎ They deserve to be sent to prison.他们应该入狱。‎ 联想拓展 deserve doing=deserve to be done=be worth doing值得做 The thief deserves punishing.‎ ‎=The thief deserves punishment.‎ ‎=The thief deserves to be punished.‎ 这个小偷理所当然会受到惩罚。‎ 高手过招 翻译句子 （原创）‎ ‎①她积极努力, 应该得到奖赏。‎ ‎②如果你做错事，就应该受到惩罚。‎ 答案：①She deserves a reward for her efforts. ‎ ‎②If you do something wrong, you deserve punishing/to be punished/punishment.‎ 重点短语 ‎9. one after another/the other 一个接一个地；陆续地 Please line up one after another.‎ 请按顺序排队。‎ We achieved one victory after another.‎ 我们取得了一个又一个的胜利。‎ 联想拓展 one by one 逐个地；逐一地 one another/each other 相互 ‎ 高手过招 翻译句子 ‎①他把所有的书都并列摆放起来。‎ ‎②账单纷至沓来。‎ 答案：①He put all the books beside each other/one another.‎ ‎②The bills kept coming in one after another.‎ ‎10. stand for ‎(指缩写或符号)代表；象征；支持；主张 What does EU stand for?EU代表什么？‎ Which group do you stand for?你支持哪一组？‎ 联想拓展 stand by 袖手旁观；无动于衷 stand by sb. 支持；帮助；站在……一边 stand out(from／as) 显眼；突出 stand up 站起；站立；起立 高手过招 ‎(1)单项填空 I don’t know what the signal “X” on the road. Could you tell me? （2009·12·江西信丰中学检测）‎ A. Stands B. refers to ‎ C. means D. stands for ‎ ‎(2)完成句子 （原创）‎ ‎①The letters UN （代表） United Nations.‎ ‎②Don’t just （袖手旁观）. You can do something to help.‎ ‎③The letters （突出；显眼） well against the dark background.‎ ‎(1)解析：选D。mean, refer to都有“代表”的意思，但是stand for一般是指“符号、手势、记号等”所代表的意义，而refer to指某个意思的对象；mean表达前面的语言的意义。如 “To give up doing something” means “ to stop doing something”.(放弃做某事也就是停止做某事。)“It” can be used to refer to a baby. (“It”可以用来指一个婴儿。) “V” is often used to stand for victory. (“V”可以用来表示胜利。)‎ ‎(2)①stand for ②stand by ③stand out ‎ ‎11. as well 意为“也，又，而且”，意思等同于too，also，但as well只能置于句末。‎ 联想拓展 ‎ as well as意为“不仅……而且……，既……又……；除了……之外，还有……；和……一样好”。‎ ‎ as well as作介词用时，意思等同于besides,意为“除……之外”，后跟动词时通常用v.-ing形式。‎ ‎ as well as连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于as well as前面主语的单复数形式。‎ ‎ may/might as well do意为“不妨……；还是……好”。‎ Are you coming as well?‎ ‎=Are you coming, too? ‎ ‎=Are you also coming?你也来吗？‎ They sell books as well as newspapers. ‎ 他们既卖报纸也卖书。‎ She cooks as well as her mother. ‎ 她做菜跟她妈妈做得一样好。‎ His wife as well as his children was invited to the party. ‎ 不仅他的孩子，连同他妻子也被邀请参加那次聚会。‎ We may/might as well ask him for some advice. ‎ 我们不妨向他征求一些建议。 ‎ 高手过招 单项填空 ‎①Jack plays football , if not better than David.‎ A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as ‎②E-mail, as well as telephones, an important part in daily communication.‎ ‎ A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play ‎ 解析： ①选B。as well as意为“和……一样好”。“if not+better than”是一个插入语，去掉后，句子是Jack plays football as well as David。‎ ‎②选A。当as well as连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于前面的主语的单复数形式。‎ ‎12. every four years 每四年；每隔三年 联想拓展 every与基数词、序数词、other或few连用，表示时间或空间的间隔，意为“每……；每隔……”。‎ every+基数词+复数名词 every+序数词+单数名词 every+other+单数可数名词 every few+复数名词 every four days 每隔三天 every third day 每三天 He comes to see his parents every three days. ‎ 他每三天来看望父母一次。 ‎ 高手过招 单项填空 ‎ ‎ “Where are we now?” few minutes one of the children asked Miss Cornwall the same question. （2009·12·山东济南模块检测）‎ A. Every B. Each ‎ C. Another D. A 解析：选A。every few minutes 每几分钟，符合句意。 ‎ ‎13. take part in 参加，参与 The students take part in all kinds of activities after class.‎ 学生们课后参加各种活动。‎ 易混辨析 take part in/join in/join/attend take part in指参加有组织的重大的活动。‎ I took part in the game.‎ 我参加了比赛。‎ join in指参加正在进行着的活动或游戏等，有时可与take part in换用。‎ Please come over and join in our game.‎ 请过来参加我们的游戏。‎ join指参加团体或组织，成为其中的一员，也可用于join sb. in sth./doing sth.结构，表示“和某人一起做某事”。‎ Many of them joined the army.‎ 他们很多人都参军了。‎ attend相当于be present at，多指出席，参加会议，讲座等。‎ He decided to attend the meeting himself.‎ 他决定自己去参加会议。 ‎ 高手过招 选词填空(join/join in/take part in/attend)‎ ‎①—How many countries the Olympic Games in Athens?‎ ‎ —202.‎ ‎②The famous professor will come to give us a lecture. Will you go to it?‎ ‎③His brother the army three years ago.‎ ‎④May I your game?‎ 答案： ①took part in ②attend ③joined ‎④join in 重点句型 ‎14. I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.‎ 我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”，我曾经写过很久以前的奥林匹克运动会的情况。‎ what 引导宾语从句，并在从句中作call的宾语，“Ancient Greece”作宾补。what相当于the place that，因此what不能改为that，也不能改为where，因为where 只能作状语。‎ used to do过去常常（做）……；曾经……‎ 易混辨析 used to do/be used to do/be used to doing used to do sth. (would do) 过去经常做某事 ‎ be used to do 被用来做……(被动语态)‎ be/get/become used to sth./doing ‎=be/get/become accustomed to sth./doing 习惯于 My father used to smoke a lot. ‎ 我父亲过去烟抽得很厉害。（暗含“现在不抽了或抽得少了”的意思）‎ I used to live in the countryside with my grandmother. ‎ 我曾经和祖母在农村生活过。‎ Wood can be used to make paper. ‎ 木头可以用来造纸。‎ I’m still not used to getting up early.‎ 我仍然不习惯早起。‎ 高手过招 单项填空 ‎①Water electricity widely all over the world. （2009·12·陕西咸阳检测）‎ A. is used to produce B. is used to producing C. used to produce D. used to producing ‎②There many people in the office, but now nobody is allowed. （2009·12·江苏如东检测）‎ A. used to be; smoking B. used to have; smoking C. used to be; smoke D. used to have; smoke 解析： ①选A。be used to do意为“被用来做某事”，符合句意。‎ ‎②选A。第一空there used to be意为“过去曾经有”；第二空smoking作前面many people的后置定语。句意为：过去很多人在办公室里吸烟，但现在谁也不允许这样做了。‎ ‎15. No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women! ‎ 其他国家都不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加!‎ 句子结构为：nor/neither+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语。此句型是一个倒装句，意为“……也不”，用于否定陈述句之后，说明后者的情况与前者相同。‎ 联想拓展 用“so+助动词+主语”结构，表示肯定陈述句之后说明后者情况与前者相同，so it is with sb./It is the same with sb. 某人也是这样。so it is with sb./It is the same with sb.结构陈述两种或两种以上的情况，既可用于肯定，也可用于否定。‎ ‎“否定词+助动词+主语”是常用的倒装句式，常用词：not, never, no, nowhere, neither, nor, hardly, seldom, little, rarely。‎ If you won’t go, neither/nor will I. ‎ 如果你不去，我也不去。 ‎ He don’t know about it. Nor do I. ‎ 他不了解这件事，我也不了解。‎ He never went again, and nor did he write to apologize. ‎ 他再也没去过，也没有写信道歉。‎ He disliked the film, and so did I.他不喜欢这部电影，我也是。‎ 高手过招 单项填空 ‎①—I don’t think I can walk any farther!‎ ‎ — . Let’s stop here for a rest. ‎ ‎ （2009·12·江苏盐城检测）‎ A. Neither am I B. Neither can I C. I don’t think so D. I think so ‎ ‎②—He has made great progress recently.‎ ‎ — and . （2009·12·江苏南通检测）‎ A. So he has; so you have ‎ B. So he has; so have you C. So has he; so have you ‎ D. So has he; so you have 解析： ①选B。根据最后一句“我们停下来休息一下吧”可知，回答者也不能再走了，因此用Neither can I。‎ ‎②选B。第一空表示对说话者的同意和赞成，意为“他的确如此”，第二空表示“你也一样”。‎ ‎16. Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, team sports and ...‎ 妇女不仅被允许参加，而且她们还在体操、竞技和团队等比赛项目中起着非常重要的作用……‎ not only ...but (also) ... 意为“不仅……而且……”。当此结构连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数要和邻近的主语保持一致。若not only置于句首，其所在的分句需要采用部分倒装。‎ He not only said it, but also did it. ‎ 他不但说到了，而且也做到了。‎ Not only you but also he is responsible for it.‎ 不仅你而且他也要为此事负责任。‎ Not only does he work hard, but also he is very clever.‎ 他不但学习刻苦，而且很聪明。‎ 高手过招 单项填空 ‎①Not only English，but also he learns it well. （2009·12·陕西宝鸡检测）‎ A. he likes B. does he like C. likes he D. he does like ‎②—I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible.‎ ‎ — . （2009·12·浙江杭州检测）‎ A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me. D. So do I ‎①解析：选B。not only连接除主语以外的成分时，如果位于句首，该句用部分倒装。故选B。‎ ‎②解析：选B。第二句句意为：我也不来了。故用Neither would I。‎