【推荐】2018-2019学年上学期高二英语人教版（必修5） 12页

‎2018年10月7日 每周一测 Ⅰ. 阅读理解 ‎ A ‎ Jealousy is such a powerful emotion that at least one study has characterized it as the third leading cause of non-accidental homicide(杀人) in all cultures. In a recently published study, researchers experimented with dogs to see whether they, like humans, have the nature of jealousy.‎ ‎ In an experiment, the authors took 36 dogs---along with their owners---and observed the dogs’ behavior as their masters interacted with three non-living objects. One object was a children’s book, which they read aloud; another object was a plastic pumpkin lantern; and the third was a mechanical stuffed dog that gave out a bark when the owner pressed a button.‎ ‎ Former studies concluded that babies were probably capable of jealousy. In the experiment, their mothers showed attention to a life-like doll instead of their child, and other objects. The babies were reportedly more likely to respond with “negative” behavior if their mother turned to pay her attention to the doll.‎ ‎ In the dog experiment, authors instructed the dog owners to push the bark button on the stuffed dog’s head, and then speak to it sweetly, while ignoring their own dog. After that, they showed attention to the pumpkin lantern, and read the children’s book, while also ignoring their dog.‎ ‎ It is interesting to see the dogs were far more likely to act aggressively when their owners spoke to the stuffed dog than when they paid attention to the other objects. One-fourth of the dogs snapped at the stuffed dog, while only one dog snapped at the lantern or the book. The dogs were also more likely to push or touch their owners as they interacted with the mechanical dogs, and tried to get in between the owner and the stuffed dog more frequently than the other objects.‎ ‎ “One possibility is that jealousy developed in species of many young relying on the parents, the young compete for parental resources such as food, attention, care, and affection,” the authors wrote.‎ ‎1. Why does the author include the experiment with babies in the passage?‎ ‎ A. To tell us that the babies are also jealousy.‎ ‎ B. To show that the experiment was scientific.‎ ‎ C. To draw the conclusion through comparison.‎ ‎ D. To show us that the babies are very clever.‎ ‎2. What behavior probably shows that the babies have the emotion of jealousy?‎ ‎ A. Smiling at the doll. ‎ ‎ B. Struggling and crying.‎ ‎ C. Always keeping quiet ‎ ‎ D. Appearing scared ‎3. How did most of the dogs react when the owners interacted with the mechanical dog?‎ ‎ A. They pushed or touched the owners.‎ ‎ B. They snapped at the mechanical dog.‎ ‎ C. They disturbed the owners and the mechanical dog.‎ ‎ D. They acted aggressively to their owners.‎ ‎4. What can be the best title of the passage?‎ ‎ A. Development of jealousy in species ‎ ‎ B. Jealousy leads to terrible results ‎ C. Analysis of jealousy in species ‎ ‎ D. Research proves dogs’ jealousy B ‎ Being physically active three times a week reduces the odds of being depressed by about 16%, according to new UCL research carried out as part of the Public Health Research Centre.‎ ‎ The study, published in JAMA Psychiatry, found a two-way relationship between depression and physical activity. People who increased their weekly activity were reported to have fewer depressive symptoms but those with more depressive symptoms were less active, particularly at younger ages.‎ ‎ Researchers followed 11,135 people born in 1958 up until the age of 50, recording depressive symptoms and levels of physical activity at regular intervals in adulthood. They found that each additional activity period per week reduced odds of depression by 6%. In England 19% of men and 26% of women are currently classed as ＂inactive＂, and this study suggests that activity could significantly improve their mental as well as physical health.‎ ‎＂Assuming the association is causal, physical activity has a protective effect against depression. If an adult between his twenties and forties who isn’t physically active became active 3 times per week, he would reduce his risks of depression by about 16%,＂ said Dr Snehal of the UCL Institute of Child Health, lead author of the study.‎ ‎ Professor Mark，Director of the Public Health Research Centre, said:＂ Many people are already aware of the benefits of physical activity on their general health, but now we are seeing more evidence that suggests it also has a positive effect on a person’s mental well-being. The latest research highlights just how important it is to ensure that people are working and living in environments that allow them to be both physically active and mentally healthy.＂‎ ‎5. The underlined word ＂odds＂ in Paragraph 1 probably means ＂________＂.‎ ‎ A. benefits B. intervals ‎ C. risks D. ages ‎6. According to the second paragraph, if people increase their weekly activity, ________.‎ ‎ A. their depressive symptoms will be fewer ‎ B. their depressive symptoms will be more ‎ C. they will become much younger ‎ D. they will become more depressive ‎7. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?‎ ‎ A. Dr Snehal thinks it is important to be both physically and mentally healthy.‎ ‎ B. The research shows men are more active in physical activity than women.‎ ‎ C. Adults who insist on physical activity will avoid depression completely.‎ ‎ D. Increasing physical activity can free people from depression in a way.‎ ‎8. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?‎ ‎ A. To tell us a fun story about how to protect us against depression.‎ ‎ B. To introduce a research on the link between physical activity and depression.‎ ‎ C. To persuade readers to increase their weekly activity.‎ ‎ D. To describe the disadvantages of physical activity.‎ Ⅱ. 完形填空 During the course of a lifetime, we all make mistakes. And often we take for granted what we have, thinking that we ____ what we already have, or believing that we will never need anyone to ____‎ ‎ us out from difficult and ____ times.‎ Such was the ____ of Cecilia. Cecilia had a great job, a nice house and everything she needed. ____, she was not a kind person for several reasons that became ____ once you got to know her. The first thing was her lack of ____ for others who were not as fortunate as she was. She would not help anyone, ____ would she even begin to express any sympathy for anyone’s troubles. Her ____ was that they were just too lazy.‎ But, then came the catastrophic day. Her husband got into financial difficulty, to the point ____ he was forced to declare bankruptcy(破产). She found that she was the one who ____ nothing.‎ Now she was ____ for help. She also found out that her parents were unwilling to help her but, ____ for her, his family was willing and able to help them through these difficult times despite the ____ that she had deliberately kept them out of her life. ____ Cecilia was assisted through challenging times, once ____, she changed to her true self.‎ But this is not the main point of the story. We all need help ____ along life’s path whether we think we will or not. And, if you are the one ____ help, just remember this: no matter what ___ later, you will always be ____ in the fact that you have remained strong and true to assist those that need your help.‎ ‎1. A. realize B. treasure C. deserve D. manage ‎2. A. help B. protect C. keep D. assume ‎3. A. inspiring B. challenging C. pleasing D. moving ‎4. A. character B. attitude C. case D. experience ‎5. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Normally D. However ‎6. A. obvious B. familiar C. unclear D. uncertain ‎7. A. affection B. sympathy C. confidence D. caution ‎8. A. so B. and C. or D. nor ‎9. A. plan B. view C. promise D. advice ‎10. A. when B. that C. where D. what ‎11. A. learned B. shared C. knew D. had ‎12. A. desperate B. enthusiastic C. considerate D. fearful ‎13. A. unluckily B. fortunately C. sadly D. naturally ‎14. A. section B. reason C. fact D. difficulty ‎15. A. Now that B. Even though C. As long as D. In case ‎16. A. up B. away C. over D. apart ‎17. A. somewhere B. everywhere C. anywhere D. nowhere ‎18. A. refusing B. receiving C. owing D. giving ‎19. A. happens B. comes C. develops D. forms ‎20. A. involved B. anxious C. absorbed D. secure Ⅲ. 语法填空 ‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ Do you like trying different things? Are you afraid 　1　things that you think you’re bad at?‎ ‎ Last year I started to learn t’ at chi in order to improve my health and reduce my stress. It was something new for me, and I found it to be quite difficult, very 　2　(difference) form anything I’d ever learned before. Small 　3　(move) are important in t’ ai chi. I was used to being fast and active , 　4　to learn t’ ai chi I had to learn patience. Now I’ve found that I’m a much more patient person than before, and t’ ai chi isn’t nearly as difficult as it 　5　(be ) before.‎ ‎ We tend 　6　(like) things we are good at — that’s normal. For example, I’m naturally very good at badminton and tennis, but I’m very had at anything 　7　involves keeping balance, such as skating, skiing and gymnastics. T’ ai chi has 　8　(great) improved my balance which has been a very good thing for me.‎ ‎ My point is that you can keep 　9　(do) the things you know you’re good at and live in your comfort zone, or you can try something new. If you don’t try new things, you’ll never know what it would be like to try something new. Challenge 10 　(you). It will definitely pay off in the end.‎ Ⅳ. 短文改错 ‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 每处错误及其修改均限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ A little kid fell into the lake while she was playing with her little friends. They were too frightening to know what to do next. Unfortunately, a pretty lady and a man passed by and saw the drowning girl. The man immediate dived into the water and took the girl to the bank and at a same time. The lady called the ambulance on time. Before the ambulance came, the lady, who proved to be a nurse, performing first aid to the kid. A few of minutes later, the kid sent to the nearest hospital and finally saved. The story is a good example where first aid can make a lot of differences. From it, we know it is necessary to know basic first aid skills so that we can be better preparing for an emergency.‎ Ⅴ. 书面表达 ‎ 假如你是李华，你和父母暑假去台湾旅游，报名参加了当地Green River Travel Agency旅行社的一日团。请你给经理写下对当日旅游服务的意见。要点如下：‎ ‎1.对导游John的服务表示感谢。‎ ‎2.一日游的景点安排合理，玩得开心。‎ ‎3.会将旅行社推荐给自己的好友。‎ 注意：1. 词数不少于100；‎ ‎2. 开头已给出（不计入总词数）。‎ Dear manager,‎ ‎ I have been thoroughly impressed with the service I have received.‎ ‎ _________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ _________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ _________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ _________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ _________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ _________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ _________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours Li Hua Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A ‎ 【语篇解读】本文为议论文。通过实验结果，看看它们是否像人类一样具有嫉妒的本性。接着下文叙述了实验的过程及结果，并同时与婴儿对此的反应作了比较，从而得出狗也会嫉妒。‎ ‎2. B【解析】推理判断题。第三段The babies were reportedly more likely to respond with “negative” behavior if their mother turned to pay her attention to the doll. 如果母亲转而关注玩具娃娃，他们更容易做出“消极” 的反应。分析选项（A. Smiling at the doll. 对娃娃微笑；B. Struggling and crying. 挣扎和哭泣；C. Always keeping quiet始终保持安静；D. Appearing scared显得害怕）可知B是一种消极对待的情感，故B项符 合题意。‎ ‎4. D【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文在第一段最后一句. In a recently published study, researchers experimented with dogs to see whether they, like humans, have the nature of jealousy. 用狗做实验，看看它们 是否像人类一样具有嫉妒的本性。接着下文叙述了实验的过程及结果，并同时与婴儿对些的反应作了 比较，从而得出狗也会嫉妒，故选D项。‎ B ‎ 【语篇解读】本文为应用文。本文讲述了一项研究表明，随着每周锻炼身体次数的增加，能降低人们患上抑郁症的风险。‎ ‎5. C【解析】猜测词义题。通读全文可知，本文主要是向读者介绍了一项科学研究成果，这项研究主要介绍 了身体锻炼与抑郁症之间的联系，即增加每周锻炼身体的次数，能降低人们患抑郁症的风险。而文章 第一句Being physically active three times a week reduces the odds of being depressed by about 16%,的意思 ‎ 就是每周三次的锻炼可以降低抑郁的几率16%,即降低人们患抑郁症的风险。由此可得出＂odds＂的意 思为C。故选C项。‎ ‎6. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段People who increased their weekly activity reported fewer depressive symptoms but those with more depressive symptoms were less active可知，增加每周活动的人报告说有较 少的抑郁症状，但那些有更多的抑郁症状的是较不活跃的，特别是在年轻时。所以如果人们增加每周 锻炼身体的次数，就会有较少的抑郁症状，故选A．‎ ‎7. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段Being physically active three times a week reduces the odds of being depressed by about 16%可知，每周锻炼三次，大约降低16%患抑郁症的可能性．所以增加每周锻炼身体 的次数，在某种程度上能降低人们患抑郁症的可能性，故选D。‎ ‎8. B【解析】推理判断题．根据全文内容可知，研究人员记录了出生于1958的11135人直到50岁，在成年 期时定期记录抑郁症状和身体活动水平．他们发现每周增加活动减少抑郁症的几率为6%。如果一个在 二十多岁和四十多岁不太活动的成年人变为每周活动3次，他们会减少约16%的抑郁症风险。所以作 者主要通过比较和对比来介绍身体锻炼与抑郁症之间的联系，故选B。‎ Ⅱ. 完形填空 ‎ 【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。文章讲述了Cecilia是一个自私的人，从来不会帮助别人，有一天她破产了，要寻求帮助，除她丈夫的家人外没人帮她。当她的困境解决了以后却有恢复了本性。告诫人们要善于帮助人们。‎ ‎3.B inspiring激励人心的；challenging挑战性的；pleasing高兴的；moving感动的。与前文的difficult 是 并列关系的，应当是challenging挑战性的，故选B项。‎ ‎4.C character 特点；attitude态度；case例子，案子；experience经历，经验。通读全文可知，Cecilia 她就是一个（这样的）例子，故选C项。‎ ‎5.D Therefore 因此；Otherwise否则的话；Normally正常地；However然而，但是。句意：塞西莉亚有 一份很好的工作，一所漂亮的房子和她所需要的一切。然而，她不是一个善良的人。分析语境可 知，前后两句是转折关系。所以答案是D ‎6.A obvious明显的； familiar熟悉的；unclear 不明显的；uncertain 没把握的。根据句意可知“当你了 解了她这些理由就很明显了”，所以答案是A ‎7.B affection喜爱，情感； sympathy同情；confidence 自信； caution小心。根据下一句“She ‎ would not help anyone,”可知，他她甚至都不对处于困境的人表示同情，进一步说明她的不友善，故选B。‎ ‎8.D 句意：她不会帮助任何人，也不会对任何人的烦恼表示同情。根据语境，本句表达的“是…也是如 此”。上一句是否定句，所以要用 nor+助动词would+主语（she），故选D项。‎ ‎9.B plan计划；view观点，看法；promise承诺；advice建议。根据文章的意思可知当别人遇到困难时 她从来不会表现出同情，她的观点是他们太懒了。故选B。‎ ‎10.C 句意：她的丈夫陷入财政困难，到了他被迫宣布破产的程度。分析句子可知，本句的point是先行 词，后被定语从句修饰，而point在定语从句中作状语要用where，故选C项。‎ ‎11.D learned学习；shared分享； knew知道；had 拥有。根据上句可知她丈夫宣布破产了，她发现她一 无所有了，所以答案是D项。‎ ‎12.A desperate急切的，极度渴望的；enthusiastic热情的；considerate体贴的；fearful害怕的。根据语境 可知，当她一无所有时，她渴望得到帮助。所以答案是A。‎ ‎14.C section 部分；reason理由；fact事实；difficulty困难。根据句意可知，尽管她排斥他的家人这个事 实，他们仍旧帮助了她，所以答案是C项 ‎15.B Now that 既然； Even though即使，尽管； As long as 只要；In case假如，万一。根据语境可知， 尽管塞西莉亚在困难时期得到了帮助，但她一旦度过困难，又恢复了她的本性。故选B项。‎ ‎16.C up在上面，向上；away离开，远离；over结束，越过； apart分开地。根据语境可知，本句是说 塞西莉亚一旦度过困难，又恢复了她的本性。故选C项。‎ ‎17.A 句意：但这不是故事的要点。无论我们是否愿意，我们在人生道路上的某个地方都需要帮助。 somewhere某个地方； everywhere 每一个地方； anywhere任何地方； D. nowhere没有地方。 本句是说人生道路的某个不确定的地方，故选A。‎ ‎18.D refusing拒绝；receiving收到；owing感激，归功于；giving给予，赠送。根据最后一句“assist those that need your help.”可知，要填giving，即“你是给予帮助的人，”故选D项。‎ ‎19.A happens发生；comes来；develops发展；forms构成。根据语境可知，无论以后发生（happen）什 么事，你仍然要真诚地帮助那些需要你帮助的人。所以答案是A ‎20. D 考查动词短语辨析。分析选项可知， be involved in.. 全神贯注于，专心致志于；be anxious about… ‎ ‎ 对…很担心，对…很焦虑； be absorbed in…专心于…； be secure in…有把握的，安全的。本句是 ‎ 说不管以后发生什么事，你都要相信这个事实，你依然坚定而真诚地帮助那些需要你帮助的人。故 ‎ 选D项。‎ Ⅲ. 语法填空 ‎ 【语篇解读】本文为夹叙夹议文。讲述的是作者通过自己学习太极的经历体会到：要挑战自己，尝试新的东西。‎ ‎1. of 考查介词搭配。句意：你害怕你不擅长的事情吗？根据句意可知应用介词of。be afraid of害怕。‎ ‎2. different 考查形容词。句意：这对我来说是新的东西，我发现它很难，与人和我学过的东西都非常不 同。根据句意可知应用形容词different，与后面的from搭配表示“与……不同”。‎ ‎3. movements 考查名词。句意：在太极中，小的动作很重要。根据句意和形容词small修饰可知此处用 名词movement作主语，结合are可知应用复数形式movements。‎ ‎4. but 考查连词。句意：我习惯了快速和积极，但是学习太极我便不得不学习耐心。根据句意可知此处 应用but表示转折。‎ ‎7. that 考查定语从句。根据定语从句的用法可知此处应用关系代词that引导定语从句修饰先行词anything。‎ ‎8. greatly 考查副词。句意：太极大大地提高了我的平衡能力，这对我来说是件好事。根据句意可知此 处应用副词greatly修饰improved。‎ ‎9. doing 考查非谓语动词。句意：我的观点是：你可以保持做你知道你擅长的事，生活在你的舒适区，或 者你可以尝试新的事。根据句意可知此处应用keep doing，故填doing。‎ ‎10. yourself 考查代词。句意：挑战你自己。根据句意可知此处应用反身代词yourself表示“你自己”。‎ Ⅳ. 短文改错 A little kid fell into the lake while she was playing with her little friends. They were too to know what to do next. , a pretty lady and a man passed by and saw the drowning girl. The man dived into the water and took the girl to the bank and at same time. The lady called the ambulance time. Before the ambulance came, the lady, who proved to be a nurse, first aid to the kid. A few minutes later, the kid sent to the nearest hospital and finally saved. The story is a good example where first aid can make a lot of . From it, we know it is necessary to know basic first aid skills so that we can be better for an emergency.‎ 第一处：frightening → frightened 考查形容词。根据语境，这里是修饰人，指人感到害怕，所以应用frightened。。‎ 第二处：Unfortunately → Fortunately 逻辑关系错误。根据语境，这里是说＂幸运的是＂，所以应用Fortunately。‎ 第三处：immediate → immediately 考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故用immediately。‎ 第四处：a → the 固定搭配错误。at the same time ＂同时＂，故a改为the。‎ 第五处：on → in 固定搭配错误。根据语境，应该是及时叫了救护车。in time ＂及时＂，故on改为in。‎ 第八处：sent 前加was 语态错误。根据句意，这个孩子被送往最近的医院，send与主语为被动关系，应用被动语态，且此处为过去发生的事情，故在sent前加was。‎ 第九处：differences → difference 名词错误。make a lot of difference 意为＂有很大影响，意义重大＂。‎ 第十处：preparing → prepared 非谓语动词错误。be well prepared for ＂为……做好准备＂，故preparing改为prepared。‎ Ⅴ. 书面表达 Dear manager, ‎ ‎ I have been thoroughly impressed with the service I have received.‎ ‎ Firstly, I would like to express my sincere thanks to John, the tour guide from Green River Travel Agency, for his warm service along the journey. John is good at explaining things on the timetable, as well as some related information about the places that we went to. Secondly, the schedule for our one-day journey was thoughtfully arranged so that both my parents and I had a really wonderful time. We arrived at the destinations and saw the sights at a reasonable amount of time with great comfort. Besides, some annoying parts like forced-shopping was avoided, which has saved much of our time.Last but not least, I would like to recommend Green River Travel Agency to my friends. It is with your great efforts that my parents and I can enjoy such a great day!‎ ‎ Thanks again.‎ ‎ Yours,‎ ‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎