2021高考英语北师大版一轮课时作业：21 选修7　Unit 21　Human Biology 14页

www.ks5u.com 课时作业21　选修7　Unit 21　Human Biology 课时练(一)　阅读理解·组块专练——练速度 ‎(限时：35分钟)‎ 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节　(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A ‎[2020·湖北省高考模拟]With its snowcovered mountains and a variety of wildlife, Yellowstone National Park is one of the scenic treasures of the United States. Located primarily in Wyoming, the park hosts millions of visitors every year. If you plan to travel within the park, keep in mind the advice from the National Park Service.‎ Seasonal Travel Travel varies vastly from season to season. Roads are generally open in the summer except for cases of rock or mud slides, wild fires, accidents or road construction. Early snows in the fall can cause some roads to close temporarily. In the winter almost all roads are closed to motor vehicles, but snowmobiles and other snow vehicles with tracks are allowed. Roads begin to open in the spring by the latter part of April but may close if snowfall continues.‎ Driving Time Grand Loop Road is the main road through Yellowstone National Park, and it passes by most of the major attractions. These include Old Faithful, Yellowstone Lake and the Grand Canyon of Yellowstone. The maximum speed limit on the Grand Loop is 45 miles per hour, but the speed limit drops during some of the winding and twisty sections of this narrow road. Allow yourself at least two days to fully travel the loop due to the size of the park and occasionally heavy traffic.‎ Safety Awareness Buffalo often block the roads in the park as they migrate through the fields. If a herd is traveling across the road you are on, you can either wait for them to pass or find an alternative route. If you get out of your vehicle, you should stay at least 25 yards from any buffalo (and 100 yards or more away from bears and wolves). Buffalo are particularly unpredictable and charge people at speeds up to 30 mph.‎ You can take your bicycle on any public roads and routes designed for bikes, but bicycles are not allowed on the park roads which are narrow with few shoulders. Elevations range from 5,300 to 8,860 feet. The National Park Service recommends that cyclists wear helmets and noticeable clothing.‎ ‎1．What is TRUE about traveling in the Yellowstone Park?‎ A．Roads will stay open in spite of emergency.‎ B．Traffic jam is actually a rare thing.‎ C．The driving speed on the road can be 50 mph.‎ D．Motor vehicles are allowed in the winter.‎ ‎2．What safety advice does the National Park Service offer?‎ A．Under no circumstances could you get out of the car.‎ B．Keep going forward when coming across the buffalo.‎ C．Do wear easytosee clothes while bicycling.‎ D．Bicycling is forbidden on the public roads.‎ ‎3．Where can you probably find this article?‎ A．In a guidebook.‎ B．In a geography textbook.‎ C．In a research paper.‎ D．In a commercial advertisement.‎ B ‎[2020·昆明市教学质量检测]Fiveyearold Prisilla Perez, a student at Meador Elementary School in Willis, was unhappy with her recent haircut, which resulted from a severe disease. When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.‎ Her teacher, Shannon Grimm, sympathized with her unhappiness. Grimm and Prisilla's mom were concerned, but their ideas didn't work.“We had classroom discussions about how girls have short hair and boys have long hair, and I showed them photos of movie stars with different looks，” Grimm said. “However, it wasn't sinking in.”‎ Grimm thought about Prisilla throughout the winter break, and one morning, she had an idea: Cut off her hair — a scary thought for Grimm, who wore her hair long and took pride in it.“I've never had short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision，” she said. On Jan. 4, Grimm invited a hairstylist friend to her home. “I told him to keep going, even if I cried，” she said.‎ The class loved their teacher's new do, especially Prisilla, who excitedly ran off the school bus that afternoon yelling，“Mom, Ms. Grimm cut her hair！” The teacher also bought matching bows for herself and the girl, so they could style their hair together.‎ In February, the teacher recommended Prisilla for the school district's Student of the Month Award, but during the Monday ceremony, she received a surprise“hero medal” from the girl. “Now we have matching awards，” says Grimm.‎ Prisilla's mother, Maria, said that Grimm's thoughtfulness brought her to tears.“I was shocked. I was crying. I couldn't believe it — she did something I wouldn't have the bravery to do. I will never forget that.”‎ ‎4．Why was Prisilla unhappy at school?‎ A．She wasn't satisfied with her teacher.‎ B．She couldn't concentrate in class.‎ C．She was laughed at by her classmates.‎ D．She couldn't get on well with others.‎ ‎5．What made Grimm have her own hair cut?‎ A．Praise from her students.‎ B．Devotion to her students.‎ C．Request of Prisilla's mother.‎ D．Suggestion from the hairstylist.‎ ‎6．What can we know about Grimm?‎ A．She had her hair cut together with Prisilla.‎ B．She expressed her sincere thanks to her pupils.‎ C．She hesitated a lot before having her hair cut.‎ D．She won a gold medal for facing difficulties bravely.‎ ‎7．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．How Grimm helped her student out.‎ B．What problem Prisilla had at school.‎ C．Why Prisilla won the Month Award.‎ D．When Grimm got her new hairstyle.‎ C ‎[2020·武汉调研]While elephants born without tusks (长牙) are not unheard of, they normally form just 2 to 6 percent of the population. However, that is not the case at Mozambique's Gorongosa National Park, where an astonishing 33 percent of female elephants born after the country's conflict ended in 1992 are tuskless. While that may appear to be just a coincidence, Joyce Poole, an elephant behavior expert, has another theory. The researcher thinks we may be witnessing unnatural evolution of the species due to the constant hunting of elephants for valuable ivory.‎ Poole says before the country's 15yearlong conflict, the park was home to over 4,000 elephants. However, by the time the conflict ended in 1992, about 90 percent of them had been killed ‎ for ivory to get money. Of the less than 200 survivors, over 50 percent of adult females had no tusks. Therefore, it is not surprising that the park's tuskless elephant population has grown greatly.‎ This is not the first time researchers have observed a great change in the population of elephants. At Zambia's South Luangwa National Park and Lupande Game Management Area, areas which were heavily hunted in the 1970s and 1980s, 35% of elephants 25 years old or older and 13%of those younger than 25 are now without tusks. A 2008 study published in the African Journal of Ecology found that the number of tuskless females at the Ruaha National Park in Tanzania went from 10.5 percent in 1969 to almost 40 percent in 1989, largely due to illegal hunting for ivory.‎ The recent ban on ivory in both the US and China should help get rid of, or at least reduce, elephant hunting. However, scientists are not sure how long it will take for elephants with a higher rate of tuskless females, to change the_trend.‎ ‎8．What is the probable cause of the phenomenon mentioned in Paragraph 1?‎ ‎　‎ A．Illegal hunting. B．Constant farming.‎ C．A pure coincidence. D．Natural evolution.‎ ‎9．Why did people kill so many elephants during the conflict in Mozambique?‎ A．To get money by selling ivory.‎ B．To develop new decorations.‎ C．To provide food for local people.‎ D．To make ivory products.‎ ‎10．Which of the following had the earliest record on tuskless elephants?‎ A．Gorongosa National Park.‎ B．South Luangwa National Park.‎ C．Ruaha National Park.‎ D．Lupande Game Management Area.‎ ‎11．What does the underlined phrase “the trend” in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A．Elephants facing greater danger.‎ B．Elephants growing more slowly.‎ C．Fewer female elephants staying alive.‎ D．More female elephants being tuskless.‎ D ‎[2019·东北三省四市二模]You can't see your sleeping pet's brain waves, but its behavior can tell you when your cat might be dreaming. If you watch closely, you'll see that as she falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular with her body still. She has entered the first stage of sleep, called slowwave sleep. After about 15 minutes you'll notice a change in her breathing. Her eyes move under her closed lids, her paws twitch (抽动) and she flicks (轻拂) an ear. She has entered dreaming. Although she twitches and makes little grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs are blocked, so she can't run about. She is in a state of “sleep paralysis (麻痹)”．‎ Michel Jouvet, a French scientist, interrupted their sleep paralysis. Even though they were completely asleep, the dreaming cats began to run for balls that Jouvet couldn't see and arched their backs at unseen enemies. He figured he was watching them act out their dreams! Obviously, the dreaming cats seemed to be practising important cat skills: following, pouncing, and fighting.‎ In another study, Matt Wilson recorded rats' brain waves while they learned mazes. One day, he left the brainwaverecording machine on while the rats fell asleep. The pattern of brain waves in the sleeping rats matched the pattern from the maze so closely that Wilson could figure out exactly which part of the maze each rat was dreaming about!‎ Many researchers now think that in both people and animals, one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and figure out recent learning. This may explain why so many people dream about fighting and escaping, skills that were probably important to our ancestors, and why dreaming affects our ability to learn.‎ Do all animals dream? From looking at the brain waves of sleeping animals, how often animals dream seems to be tied to body size. Cats dream about every 15 minutes, mice every 9 minutes, and ‎ elephants every 2 hours. And though cows and horses usually sleep standing up, they only dream when lying down.‎ ‎12．What does Michel Jouvet find in his study?‎ A．The dreaming cats are in a state of body paralysis.‎ B．The dreaming cats often practise their important skills.‎ C．The eyes of dreaming cats moved while bodies are still.‎ D．The legs of the dreaming cats can't move.‎ ‎13．What can you know about dreaming from the passage?‎ A．Dreaming a lot can help humans learn more.‎ B．Learning mazes is the basic skill for cats to learn.‎ C．Rats often dream to work out their recent learning.‎ D．Fighting and escaping are not important skills for ancestors.‎ ‎14．Which animal may dream most frequently?‎ A．Rats. B．Dogs.‎ C．Cows. D．Elephants.‎ ‎15．How does the author develop his passage?‎ A．By making comparisons. B．By using figures.‎ C．By telling stories. D．By showing facts.‎ 第二节　(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎[2020·西安五校联考]After a long day at work, coming home is a breath of fresh air. Home is a comfortable place to sit back and relax. __1__ Below are a number of things we can do to create a healthy home environment that will help to ease the workday stress and promote our physical and mental health.‎ Cleaning the house regularly is the first thing we should do. It may seem like a tiring thing to clean but there is a reason for doing so. We can remove dust by cleaning the house. Leaving layers of dust everywhere means that there is a buildup of dust. And where do these layers of dust go? __2__ ‎ Making sure the rooms are full of sunlight is also important. We may not realize it but sunlight is an important part of our growth. We all know that sunlight promotes better working conditions. __3__ Think about using a Parans system where sunlight does not reach. This technology gathers the sunlight by using solar panels (板). It can send out sunlight wherever we are.‎ ‎ __4__ Going green will help to remove toxins (毒素) in the air. They also give off oxygen, which can lower stress and improve our moods.‎ Along the lines of being green, it can also be vital to think about what things we are bringing into the house. Try to avoid specific plastics that are harmful to health. __5__ They may contain poisonous chemicals that can be breathed in, or simply absorbed through the skin.‎ A．Into our lungs.‎ B．However, is it as healthy as it can be?‎ C．Is our home as comfortable as it used to be?‎ D．The same thing applies to certain carpets and paint.‎ E．It is also a good idea to add more plants in our house.‎ F．Besides, it can reduce ‎ G．It is acknowledged that a greener lifestyle is linked to better health. both stress and high blood pressure.‎ 课时练(二)　语言知识运用·组块专练——练准度 ‎(限时：30分钟)‎ 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)‎ 第一节　完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ ‎ [2020·大连高三一模]Being jobless for the last three months, I am upset nowadays. My son has lost his __1__ from a good school and he might have to go to a less qualified school. I have moved from a spacious (宽敞的) apartment to a small one in order to __2__ my living expenses. My wife has built extra stress. On top of that, my fatherinlaw __3__ a week ago, which has added fuel to fire, __4__ our family into a more terrible state.‎ In these circumstances I have two mental __5__ : either to feel upset and keep losing my peace of mind, or __6__ my negative thoughts with super mental powers about selfconfidence and consistency and __7__ applying for new jobs with positive attitude.‎ I choose the second option because I believe that the pain I am __8__ today will build up my __9__. My strengths will then increase my confidence and make me a(n) __10__ man one day. I understand that good and bad stages are part of __11__. While good times make me happy, bad times __12__ the “inner” me.‎ Two months later, __13__， I have finally landed a job which is very exciting and offers a nice salary. Time has healed my wife's mental stress __14__ the death of her father. My son has already been accepted by another good school because the admissions for new academic year were still __15__ !‎ As I am back on the track of normal life, I can __16__ say that the most important things that helped me __17__ the crisis (危机) were my consistent character of patience, and __18__ attitude towards life. So, while I wish you all the best life can __19__ you, I would highly recommend taking the same attitude towards life __20__ you are trapped in any of such situations.‎ ‎　‎ ‎1．A.admission B．benefit C．diploma D．permission ‎2．A.share B．reduce C．break D．raise ‎3．A.showed up B．set off C．fell down D．passed away ‎4．A.putting B．finding C．forming D．lifting ‎5．A.problems B．concerns ‎ C．choices D．activities ‎6．A.link B．replace C．mix D．exchange ‎7．A.regret B．stop C．keep D．risk ‎8．A.practicing B．suffering ‎ C．producing D．relieving ‎9．A.intelligence B．body C．character D．reputation ‎10．A.careful B．hardworking C．easygoing D．successful ‎11．A.life B．wealth C．time D．health ‎12．A.hide B．destroy C．strengthen D．kill ‎13．A.desperately B．unwillingly C．hopefully D．fortunately ‎14．A.regardless of B．due to C．instead of D．apart from ‎15．A.occupied B．empty C．open D．closed ‎16．A.disappointedly B．surprisedly C．deliberately D．confidently ‎17．A.fight B．meet C．change D．delay ‎18．A.general B．positive ‎ C．friendly D．honest ‎19．A.offer B．expect C．manage D．send ‎20．A.as if B．in that C．now that D．in case 第二节　(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎[2019·吉林市高中毕业班第二次调研测试]Until recently, most scientists believed that animal behavior was caused by evolution. However, a lot of researches have been carried out into animal behavior over __1__ last 20 years and experts have been amazed by the results. It is becoming clear that animals __2__ (possess) many mental skills. These skills are __3__ (high) developed in many species. ‎ What do we know about animal intelligence? First, all animals can count. Birds __4__ pigeons and parrots have been trained __5__ (hit) a button exactly 24 times if they want to get food. Some animals are so __6__ (intelligence) that they can use numbers to solve problems. Second, many animals have good __7__ (memory). In one experiment, monkeys __8__ (show) a banana. The banana was then hidden in a cup and the cup was placed behind a screen with __9__ cups. In every experiment, the monkeys chose the cup __10__ the banana had been hidden. Thirdly, animals can calculate. Birds have a mental map of the sun and stars which can be used for navigation.‎ 课时练(三)　写作强化增分·组块专练——练规范 ‎(限时：35分钟)‎ 写作(共两节，满分35分)‎ 第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ ‎[2020·山西八校第一次联考]Hi, Mike. How are you going to celebrate your birthday the next month? If you hadn't arranged anything, come to the concert to be holding by my favorite band in the city stadium. I'm sure you will not regret it. The concert will be Sunday. Clearly it will be a hit, because the ticket of the concert are sold very well. The only problem is when the performance starts quite lately — at nine p．m.. We can take a bus there, so there will be no bus when the concert is over. I will ask your dad to pick us up and you can stay in my home for the night.‎ 第二节　书面表达(满分25分)‎ ‎[2020·海口调研]假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack因爸爸过度饮酒而感到非常苦恼，就此请你用英语给他写一封邮件。主要内容包括：‎ ‎1．表示安慰；‎ ‎2．给出建议；‎ ‎3．寄予希望。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1．词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Jack，‎ I'm sorry to hear that your father is addicted to drinking.________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ Best wishes.I'm looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 课时作业21‎ 课时练(一)‎ 阅读理解 第一节 ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文，介绍了美国黄石国家公园的服务中心为参观者提供的几条建议。‎ ‎1．B　考查细节理解。根据Seasonal Travel部分中的第二句可知，发生岩崩或泥石流、森林火灾、事故或道路建设时，道路不开放。故A项(尽管有紧急情况，道路也会开放)是错误的。根据Driving Time部分中的第三句可知，主路限速45英里/小时，在窄路的弯道处限速更低，故C项错误。根据Seasonal ‎ Travel部分中的第四句可知，冬天几乎所有道路都不对摩托车开放，故D项错误。根据Driving Time部分最后一句中的“occasionally heavy traffic”可知，黄石公园很少有堵车情况，故选B项。‎ ‎2．C　考查细节理解。根据Safety Awareness部分以及该部分最后一段的最后一句可知，服务中心建议骑手戴安全帽、穿显眼的衣服，故选C项。‎ ‎3．A　考查推理判断。根据第一段最后一句可知，本文介绍了国家公园服务中心为游客提供的几条建议，故可推知，本文应摘自旅游指南手册，故选A项。‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Grimm老师剪短头发以帮助学生Prisilla的故事。‎ ‎4．C　考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句“When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school”可知，Prisilla在学校不开心是因为她被同学嘲笑，故选C项。‎ ‎5．B　考查推理判断。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“Grimm thought about Prisilla... she had an idea: Cut off her hair”可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，为了安慰Prisilla, Grimm老师决定把自己的头发剪短。由此可推知，Grimm老师出于对学生的关爱才剪短了头发，故选B项。‎ ‎6．C　考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句中的“I've never had short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision”可知，Grimm老师剪短头发之前很犹豫，故选C项。‎ ‎7．A　考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，她在学校很不开心，Grimm老师为了帮助、安慰她剪短了自己的头发，故选A项。‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。在1992年，在莫桑比克的Gorongosa国家公园，有33%的雌象出生时就没有长牙，大象行为专家认为，这是人们为了获得珍贵的象牙，而对大象进行持续不断的猎杀而造成的非自然的进化。‎ ‎8．A　考查细节理解。根据第一段尾句“The researcher thinks we may be witnessing unnatural evolution of the species due to the constant hunting of elephants for valuable ivory”可知，这位研究人员认为，由于持续不断地猎杀大象以获取珍贵的象牙，我们可能正在目睹该物种的非自然进化。据此可知，第一段中提到的现象的可能原因是非法猎杀大象，故A项正确。‎ ‎9．A　考查推理判断。根据第二段第二句“However, by the ‎ time the conflict ended in 1992, about 90 percent of them had been killed for ivory to get money”可知，人们猎杀大象是为了通过销售象牙来获得钱，故A项正确。‎ ‎10．C　考查细节理解。根据第一段的第二句可知，在莫桑比克的Gorongosa国家公园，在1992年，有33%的雌象出生时无长牙；根据第三段尾句“A 2008 study published in the African Journal of Ecology found that the number of tuskless females at the Ruaha National Park in Tanzania went from 10.5 percent in 1969 to almost 40 percent in 1989, largely due to illegal hunting for ivory”可知，Ruaha国家公园在1969年有10.5%的无长牙雌象，到1989年时，有大约40%的无长牙雌象；据此可知，Ruaha国家公园是最早记录无长牙雌象的地区，故C项正确。‎ ‎11．D　考查推理判断。根据尾段第一句“The recent ban on ivory in both the US and China should help get rid of, or at least reduce, elephant hunting”可知，最近美国和中国都颁布了象牙禁令，这应该有助于消除或至少减少对大象的猎杀；结合该段第二句“However, scientists are not sure how long it will take for elephants with a higher rate of tuskless females, to change the trend”可知，科学家们并不确定对拥有较高比例无长牙雌象的大象们来说需要多长时间才能改变这种趋势。据此可推知，画线词指代“更多的雌象没有长牙”这一趋势，故D项正确。‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，动物和人类一样，也经常会做梦，梦的内容常常跟学习重要的技能和弄清最近学习的东西相关；体型越小的动物，做梦的频率越高。‎ ‎12．B　考查细节理解。根据第二段尾句“Obviously, the dreaming cats seemed to be practising important cat skills: following, pouncing, and fighting”可知，这些做梦的猫似乎在练习重要的猫科动物技能：跟随、猛扑和打斗。据此可知，Michel Jouvet在研究中发现，睡梦中的猫经常训练重要的技能，故B项正确。‎ ‎13．C　考查推理判断。根据第四段第一句“Many researchers now think that in both people and animals, one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and figure out recent learning”可知，许多研究人员现在认为，无论是人还是动物，做梦的一个目的都是为了练习重要的技能，并弄清最近学习的东西；据此可推知，老鼠经常通过做梦来弄清楚最近学习的东西，故C项正确。‎ ‎14．A　考查细节理解。根据尾段可知，动物做梦的频率跟它们的体型大小有关，猫每15分钟做一次梦，老鼠每9分钟做一次梦，大象每2小时做一次梦。据此可知，老鼠做梦的频率最高，故A项正确。‎ ‎15．D　考查推理判断。根据第一段倒数第二句“Although she twitches and makes little grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs are blocked, so she can't run about”并结合全文其他内容可知，文中列举了大量事实来说明动物做梦的现象，从而组织文章，故D项正确。‎ 第二节 ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，日常生活中，怎样才能让我们自己生活得健康、愉快呢？作者就此问题给出了宝贵的建议营造一个“健康之家”。‎ ‎1．B　此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句，引出“健康之家”的概念，也引出下文提到的如何营造“健康之家”，故选B项。‎ ‎2．A　空前是一个问句，A项：进入了我们的肺，能恰当地回答前面的问句“这层层的灰尘去了哪儿？”，前呼后应，故选A项。‎ ‎3．F　空前主要在讲阳光的好处，F项：此外，它(阳光)还能减轻压力和缓解高血压，与此相关。‎ ‎4．E　此处需要一个段落主旨句。“Going green”是一个关键的信息词，且空后提到消除空气中的毒素，释放氧气，故可判断本段主要讲室内的绿化问题，且E项中的“plants”正是此段最后一句中“They”的指代对象，故选E项。‎ ‎5．D　空前讲到“有害塑料”问题，而且D项讲到某些地毯和油漆，根据常识可知地毯和油漆可能会含有有害健康的化学物质，与语境符合，故选D项。‎ 课时练(二)‎ 语言知识运用 第一节 ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者成功应对困境的故事，启迪读者要一直保持积极的生活态度。‎ ‎1．A　根据该句中的“he might have to go to a less qualified school”可推知，作者的儿子失去了进入好学校的资格，与下文中的“My son has already been accepted by another good school because ‎ the admissions for new academic year were still __15__ ！”呼应，故选A项。‎ ‎2．B　根据下文可知，作者失业三个月，为了缩减生活开支作者从宽敞的公寓搬到了较小的公寓，故选B项。‎ ‎3．D　根据下文“Time has healed my wife's mental stress __14__ the death of her father”可知，作者的岳父过世了。pass away“去世”，故选D项。‎ ‎4．A　根据语境可知，作者的岳父一周前去世了，这使作者一家处于更糟糕的状态，put“使处于(某状态或情况)”符合语境，故选A项。‎ ‎5．C　根据下文的“either to feel upset... or __6__ my negative thoughts”可推知，作者面对这种困境，有两种选择，与下文中的“I choose the second option”呼应，故选C项。‎ ‎6．B　replace... with...固定短语，“用……替代……”，与空前的“keep”形成对比，故选B项。‎ ‎7．C　根据下文中的“I have finally landed a job”可推知，作者也可以保持积极的态度，继续寻找新工作。keep“继续”，故选C项。‎ ‎8．B　根据语境可知，作者选择以积极的态度去找工作，因为作者相信他现在遭受的痛苦将增强他的毅力，故选B项。‎ ‎9．C　参见上题解析，故选C项。‎ ‎10．D　根据上文作者失去工作，儿子不能进入好的学校，岳父去世等一堆糟心的事，并结合该句“My strengths will then increase my confidence and make me a(n) __10__ man one day”可推知，作者相信自己有一天会成功，故选D项。‎ ‎11．A　根据语境并结合常识可知，作者明白好和坏都是生活的一部分，与下文中的“As I am back on the track of normal life”呼应，故选A项。‎ ‎12．C　根据该段第一句并结合语境可推知，艰难的时光会让作者韬光养晦，积蓄力量，故选C项。‎ ‎13．D　根据语境可知，两个月后，作者幸运地找到了一份称心的工作，故选D项。‎ ‎14．B　根据语境可知，前后句表示逻辑上的因果关系，due to“由于”符合语境，故选B项。‎ ‎15．C　根据语境可知，新学年入学申请依然开放，‎ 因此作者的儿子被另一所好学校录取，故选C项。‎ ‎16．D　根据上文中的“My strengths will then increase my confidence”可推知，生活恢复正常，作者信心满满，故选D项。‎ ‎17．A　根据上文可知，作者战胜了困境，渡过了危机，生活重新步入正轨，故选A项。‎ ‎18．B　根据上文中的“applying for new jobs with positive attitude”并结合语境可推知，作者始终如一的坚毅性格和积极的生活态度帮助他渡过了生活中的危机，故选B项。‎ ‎19．A　根据语境可知，作者祝愿人们万事如意。offer“给予”符合语境，故选A项。‎ ‎20．D　根据语境可知，作者极力建议人们如果陷入像这样的境地，也以相同的态度面对生活。in case“如果，假使”，故选D项。‎ 第二节 ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，经过科学家们近二十年的研究实验发现，很多动物都会数数并可以用数字来解决问题。‎ ‎1．the　考查冠词。in/over the past/last＋时间段，固定短语“在过去的……年里”，故填the。‎ ‎2．possess　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上文“It is becoming clear that...”可知，本句的谓语动词应用一般现在时；且从句的主语是“animals”，谓语动词用复数，故填possess。‎ ‎3．highly　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰形容词developed，故填highly。‎ ‎4．like　考查介词。句意：像鸽子和鹦鹉这样的鸟类一直接受训练。此处缺少表示“像，类似”含义的介词，故填like。‎ ‎5．to hit　考查非谓语动词。句意：如果它们想要得到食物，可以准确地按下按钮24次。分析句子结构可知，此处用动词不定式表示目的，故填to hit。‎ ‎6．intelligent　考查形容词。句意：一些动物是如此的有智慧以至于它们可以用数字来解决问题。so＋形容词/副词＋that...意为“如此……以至于……”，此处应用形容词形式，故填intelligent。‎ ‎7．memories　考查名词的数。本句的主语“animals”为可数名词复数形式，所以memory也要用复数形式，故填memories。‎ ‎8．were shown　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：在一项试验当中，先给猴子看一只香蕉。分析句子结构可知，主语 ‎“monkeys”与谓语动词show构成被动关系；且这个实验是过去做的，故填were shown。‎ ‎9．other　考查形容词。句意：香蕉被藏在一个杯子里，杯子和其他杯子放在屏风后面。根据下文中的“cups”可知，此处应用other表示“另外的，别的”，故填other。‎ ‎10．where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词“the cup”在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。‎ 课时练(三)‎ 写作 第一节　短文改错 Hi, Mike. How are you going to celebrate your birthday next month? If you arranged anything, come to the concert to be by my favorite band in the city stadium. I'm sure you will not regret it. The concert will be Sunday. Clearly it will be a hit, because the of the concert are very well. The only problem is the performance starts quite — at nine p．m.. We can take a bus there, there will be no bus when the concert is over. I will ask dad to pick us up and you can stay in my home for the night.‎ ‎①删除next前的the　next month表示从现在算起的下一个月。“the next month”表示从过去或将来某时算起的下个月。从全文看，作者现在在询问对方下个月如何庆祝他的生日，显然是指从现在算起的下个月。‎ ‎②hadn't改为haven't　如果你还没有安排任何生日庆祝活动，请来看我最喜欢的乐队在市体育场举行的演唱会吧。表示“你还没有安排”，应该用现在完成时，而非过去完成时，因为这里不存在“过去之过去”。‎ ‎③holding改为held　此处作后置定语，hold与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系且表将来故用不定式的被动式。‎ ‎④be后加on　如果没有介词，表示“演唱会是一个周日”，不符合逻辑。加上介词后，表示“这个演唱会在周日举行”，符合上下文意思。‎ ‎⑤ticket改为tickets　本句谓语是are，再根据上下文，演唱会的票应是复数，故用tickets。‎ ‎⑥sold改为selling　sell在此表示“有销路”，sth. sell well/badly固定短语“某物畅销/不畅销”，不用于被动语态。‎ ‎⑦when改为that　根据句意和分析句子结构可知，表语从句成分及意思完整，是在说明“演唱会开始的时间很晚”这一情况，故用that引导该表语从句。‎ ‎⑧lately改为late　late表示“晚，迟”，但lately表示“最近”，与上下文意思不符，故lately改为late。‎ ‎⑨so改为but　此处表示“我们去的时候可以坐公交车，但是演唱会结束时就没有公交车了”，前后分句为转折关系，故用but。‎ ‎⑩your改为my　根据下文的“你可以在我家过夜”可知，此处应是“我会让我爸爸来接我们”，故用my。‎ 第二节　书面表达 ‎【参考范文】‎ Dear Jack，‎ I'm sorry to hear that your father is addicted to drinking. I can understand how you feel.It must be a big problem for your family，and it may disturb your daily life.As his son，it's normal for you to give him your concern.However，you shouldn't become upset about it.Certainly，you should try your best in your spare time to help him get rid of drinking little by little.Meanwhile，you can ask some doctors and experts for more professional help.Making some rules for him to follow is another way you can try.‎ We know quitting drinking is very difficult，so you should give him time and care.I wish your father could give up drinking with your help and become healthier and happier.‎ Best wishes. I'm looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua