专题15+阅读理解——记叙文+名师揭秘-2019年高考英语高频考点名师揭秘与仿真测试 10页

‎ ‎ ‎【考点解读】‎ 高考阅读理解体裁纷繁多样，但每套试卷通常包含一到两篇记叙文。在所有的阅读体裁中，记叙文的难度相对是比较低的。如果掌握了阅读的技巧，多多实践，阅读能力就有可能大大提高。 要熟练掌握记叙文的阅读技巧，了解记叙文的写作特点与命题特点也是有必要的。‎ 一、记叙文写作特点 记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。 就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。不管是哪种叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，可谓＂一篇之妙，在于落句＂。‎ 二、记叙文命题特点 从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。‎ 三、记叙文答题技巧 一把钥匙开一把锁。要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。‎ ‎ 1. 顺藤摸瓜 记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。 2. 左顾右盼 在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。 3. 刨根问底 如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如＂What can be inferred from …?＂或是What does the author imply in…?＂之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。 4. 拨云见日 每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。 这时，你不仅需要＂左顾右盼＂，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。‎ ‎【真题分析】‎ ‎1.【2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）B篇】‎ When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, "Do you have the address? ""No, but I'll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine. "‎ ‎"Oh, stop. There it is!”‎ The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.‎ ‎"May I help you?" a man asked. "No, "I said. "We're fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. "Where do you think you are? " he asked. I turned sharply. "The McNay‎ ‎Art Museum!" He smiled, shaking his head. "Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street." "What’s this place?” I asked, still confused. "Well, it's our home." My heart jolted(震颤). I raced to the staircase and called out, "Sally! Come down immediately! "‎ ‎"There's some really good stuff(艺术作品) up there." She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, "Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place." Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn't believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.‎ The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.‎ Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. "Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay‎ ‎Museum?"‎ ‎"Yes. But how do you know? We never told anyone."‎ ‎"That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. I've always wanted to thank you."‎ ‎41. What do we know about Marian McNay?‎ A. She was a painter.‎ B. She was a community leader.‎ C. She was a museum director.‎ D. She was a journalist.‎ ‎42. Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?‎ A. She disliked people who were nosy.‎ B. She felt nervous when talking to strangers.‎ C. She knew more about art than the man.‎ D. She mistook him for a tour guide.‎ ‎43. How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?‎ A. Puzzled. B. Concerned.‎ C. Frightened. D. Delighted.‎ ‎44. Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?‎ A. The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.‎ B. She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.‎ C. The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.‎ D. The event happening in the house was more significant.‎ ‎45. What could we learn from the last paragraph?‎ A. People should have good taste to enjoy life.‎ B. People should spend more time with their family.‎ C. People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.‎ D. People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.‎ ‎【文章大意】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者和朋友原想参观McNay博物馆，到了之后参观的时候，发现很多人奇怪的看着她，最后才发现自己误将一个私人住宅当成McNay博物馆。30年后，一位女士认出误撞入自己住宅的作者，指出正是因为作者的误撞入才让她意识到自己住的地方有多么美丽。‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎41. A。细节理解题。根据文章第一段When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.可知，Marian McNay是一名水彩画家。故选A。‎ ‎42. D。细节理解题。根据文章第四段"May I help you?" a man asked. "No, "I said. "We're fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves.可知，导游令作者心烦，作者误认为屋子里的男人是位导游。故选D。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎45. C。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in.可知，在作者未造访她家之前，这位女士从未意识到自己住的地方多么美丽，从而可以推断出，人们往往对周围的美而不见。故选C。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 本文是叙事性的文章，文章有一定的趣味性，整体难度中等，考查主要以细节理解和推理判断两类题型。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。如小题3中考查作者被人盯着看的感受，我们需要找到文章中作者的措词nosy，curiosity和problem，可以推断出作者当时非常困惑不解的心理感受。‎ ‎2.【2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标Ⅰ卷B篇】‎ I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust‎ ‎Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful. ‎ I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety. ‎ I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree. ‎ The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down. ‎ Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring. ‎ A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so. ‎ ‎24. What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1?‎ A. Efforts made in vain. ‎ B. Getting injured in his work. ‎ C. Feeling uncertain about his future. ‎ D. Creatures forced out of their homes. ‎ ‎25. Why was the author called to Muttontown?‎ A. To rescue a woman. ‎ B. To take care of a woman. ‎ C. To look at a baby owl. ‎ D. To cure a young owl. ‎ ‎26. What made the chick calm down? A. A new nest. B. Some food. ‎ C. A recording. D. Its parents. ‎ ‎27. How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?‎ A. It’s unexpected. B. It’s beautiful. ‎ C. It’s humorous. D. It’s discouraging. ‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎24. A。根据第一段的“Trying to help injured，displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking；survival is never certain”可知，救助野生动物有时会让人感到心碎，因为即使努力挽救它们，也不能保证它们都会活下来。因此答案为A。文中没有提到在救助动物的过程中受伤，故B项错误；原文中说的是不确定救助的动物能不能存活，故C项错误；文中没有提到动物被赶出家园，故D项错误。‎ ‎25. C。根据第二段的“I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the ground”可知，这位女士给作者打电话是为了让他来救助一只猫头鹰雏鸟。短文中没有信息支撑选项A、B，故可排除；根据第三段的第一句“I examined the chick（雏鸟）and it seemed fine”可知这只猫头鹰雏鸟并未受伤，故可排除D。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎27. B。根据最后一段可知，通过播放猫头鹰雏鸟饥饿时发出的叫声的录音，这只猫头鹰雏鸟最终与它的父母团聚，而且它的父母开始给它喂食，再结合第一段最后一句“However，when it works，it is simply beautiful”可判断，作者付出的努力没有白费，因而结果是美好的。‎ ‎3.【2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标Ⅱ卷B篇】‎ I first met Paul Newman in 1968，when George Roy Hill， the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid， introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film －it wanted somebody as well known as Paul － he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers. ‎ The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft（技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other － but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core（核心）of our relationship off the screen. ‎ We shared the brief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back - he with his Newman’s 0wn food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events. ‎ I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it. 0urs was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words. ‎ ‎24. Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first?‎ A. Paul Newman wanted it. B. The studio powers didn’t like his agent. ‎ C. He wasn’t famous enough. D. The director recommended someone else. ‎ ‎25. Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?‎ A. They were of the same age. B. They worked in the same theater. ‎ C. They were both good actors. D. They had similar charactertics. ‎ ‎26. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A. Their belief. B. Their care for children. ‎ C. Their success. D. Their support for each other. ‎ ‎27. What is the author’s purpose in writing the test?‎ A. To show his love of films. B. To remember a friend. ‎ C. To introduce a new movie. D. To share his acting experience. ‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎24. C【解析】根据第一段中的“When the studio didn't want me for the film - it wanted somebody as well known as Paul - he stood up for me”可知，摄影棚起初不愿意给作者角色的原因是想找一个与Paul一样著名的人物。故可知作者当时不够有名。该题选C项。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎26. A【解析】根据第三段中的“We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back”可知，下文的内容是对，the belief的解释，that引导同位语从句，解释说明the belief的具体内容。下文提到了我们并不经常见面，但是分享这个信念把我们带到了一起。故选A项。该题要求考生具有一定的句法分析能力，能从一个长难句中找出关键词，并根据上下文信息判断出代词的指代内容。而B、C项只是the belief后的同位语从句中的部分内容，故排除；根据画线词后一句可排除D项。‎ ‎27. B【解析】根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“I first met Paul Newman in ‎1968”‎以及最后一段中的“I last saw him a few months ago”可知，该篇文章的写作目的是回忆一位朋友，所以选B 项。写作目的题是考查作者写这篇文章是为了什么，达到什么目的。对于记叙文而言，往往是开篇引出主题，并以时间顺序叙述全文，最后进行总结。主旨大意题是考查文章讲什么，中心思想是什么。所以两者要有所区分。A、C和D项都过于片面，故排除。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎