专题03 必修2Unit1-Unit2高频词汇分类解读-2018年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列 24页

‎ 2018年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列之英语 永升英语工作室 根据中等生基础知识不牢固的特点，将基础知识以2--3个单元为一讲，突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别。由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷，所以这部分重点强调学练结合。集中识记常考的完形填空词汇；常考的阅读中出现的词汇；常考的书面表达中的句型。完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析；阅读词汇重在记住词义即可，但数量要大；书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵，力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率。这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩。聚焦少而精的知识，直接对接高考。‎ 练习重在做到有的放矢，基础练习以单词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主。‎ 能力提升一定要由浅入深，让他们有成就感，迅速进入状态。句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法。‎ 必修2 Unit1——Unit2‎ ‎ 词汇基础知识狂背：‎ I.常考的完形填空词汇及短语：（注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高，完形30分志在必得，现在开始狂背。）（1）词汇 ‎1．survive vt. 在……之后仍然生存；逃生；比……活得长 vi. 活下来；幸存 survival n. 存活，幸存 survivor n. 幸存者 survive sb. (by) 比某人活得长(几年)‎ survive sth. 幸免于某事 survive on sth. 靠……存活下来 survive from sth. 从……存活下来；流传下来 ‎ [即学即练1](1)It was lucky that the boy survived the fire.很幸运，这个男孩得以从大火中逃生。‎ ‎(2)She survived her husband by ten years.她比她丈夫多活了十年。‎ ‎(3)Many strange customs have survived from earlier times.有许多古怪的习俗源远流长。‎ ‎2．design n．设计；图案；构思 vt. 设计；计划；构思 by design＝on purpose 有意，故意 have designs on/upon sth. (money/life) 图谋(钱、生命等)‎ be designed for sb./sth.‎ be designed to do sth.‎ be designed as sth.为某目的或用途而制造或计划 ‎ [即学即练2](1)They have designed a lot of advanced electric equipments.他们已设计了许多先进的电子设备。‎ ‎(2)The experiment is designed to test the new drug.实验的目的是试验新药。‎ ‎(3)These books are primarily designed for the use of beginners.这些书主要是供初学的人使用的。‎ ‎(4)She attended a school of dress design.‎ 她就读于一所服装设计学校。‎ ‎3．fancy adj. 奇怪的；异样的　vt. 想象；设想；爱好 n．想象力；幻想；爱好 fancy oneself (as sth.) 自命不凡；自负 fancy＋n.＋(to be)/as＋n. 认为……是……‎ fancy (one's) doing 想象(某人)做某事 have a fancy for 爱好 catch/take one's fancy 合某人的心意；吸引某人 take a fancy to sb./sth. 喜欢上/爱上某人/某物 Just fancy! [口]想想看！奇怪！‎ Fancy (that)! 真想不到！真奇怪！‎ fancy dress/clothes 奇装异服 ‎ [绕口令]Fancy Nancy did not fancy doing fancy work. But fancy Nancy's fancy auntie did fancy Nancy doing fancy work. ‎ 可爱的南希没有想象到能做出出色的工作，而可爱的南希的漂亮的姑姑的确想象到南希做出了出色的工作。‎ ‎ [即学即练3](1)Do you fancy going out this evening？今晚你想不想出去？‎ ‎(2)She fancied herself(as/to be) a famous actress.‎ 她自以为是个有名的演员。‎ ‎(3)She fancied that she was being followed.‎ 她觉得好像自己被跟踪了。‎ 提示：fancy用做动词，有时用于祈使句，表示惊奇，不相信，震惊等，后加名词、代词、动名词等做宾语，如Fancy meeting you here！想不到在这儿遇见你！‎ ‎4．doubt n. 怀疑；疑惑　vt. 怀疑；不信 doubtful adj. 怀疑的 beyond/out of doubt 毫无疑问地；确实地 in doubt 不肯定；不确定 no doubt 无疑地；很可能 without doubt 无疑地；确实地 I don't doubt that...我确信……‎ I doubt whether (if)．..我怀疑是否……‎ There is no doubt that－clause about...毫无疑问……‎ 注意：doubt 在肯定句中用 whether或 if引导从句，但在疑问句和否定句中用 that引导从句。‎ ‎ [即学即练4](1) There is no doubt that they will agree with you on this matter.‎ 毫无疑问，他们在这件事上会同意你的意见的。‎ ‎(2) There is some doubt whether their football team will win the match.‎ 他们的足球队会不会赢得这场比赛还不能肯定。‎ ‎(3)I don't doubt that he can finish the task on time.‎ 我相信他能按时完成任务。‎ ‎ (4)I doubt whether they can swim across the river.‎ 我怀疑他们能否游过河去。‎ ‎(5)This meeting has been, without doubt, one of the most useful we have had so far.‎ 这无疑是我们迄今为止最有用的一次会议。‎ ‎5．worth prep. 值得的；相当于……的价值 n．价值；作用 adj. 值钱的 be worth＋n.“值……”(仅限于少数表示钱数或某 种代价的比喻性名词)‎ be (well) worth doing “(很)值得做”(用 well修饰；‎ 用动名词的主动式表示被动含义)‎ be worthyof＋n.‎ of＋being done　值得做某事 to be done It is worthwhileto do sth.‎ doing sth.做某事是值得的 另外：worthy 可用做前置定语，表示“有价值的；可敬的”，而 worth不能做前置定语。如：a worthy gentleman 一位可敬的绅士。‎ ‎ [即学即练5](1)The trip was expensive but it was worth every penny.‎ 这次旅行花费很大，但是花的每一分钱都不冤枉。‎ ‎(2)The book is well worth reading.‎ 这本书很值得一读。‎ ‎(3)The article is worthy of careful study. /of being studied carefully. /to be studied carefully. ‎ 这篇文章值得仔细研究。 ‎ ‎6．compete vi. 比赛；竞争 competition n. 竞争 competitor n. 参赛者 competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争性的 compete in 参加比赛 compete to do sth. 竞争做某事 compete with/against 与……竞争 compete for 为……而竞争 attend a competition 参加竞赛 ‎ [即学即练1](1)Over 1 000 athletes will compete in the race.将有1 000多名运动员参加赛跑。‎ ‎(2)The two teams competed against each other for the championship. 这两个队竞争冠军。‎ ‎(3)Several advertising agencies are competing to get the contract. 几家广告公司在竞争这份合同。‎ ‎7．admit vt.&vi. (admitted; admitted) 容许；承认；接纳 admit＋n./doing(having done)/that－clause 承认某事/(已经)做了某事 admit sb./sth. to be 承认某人/某物是……‎ admit sb. to/into...准许某人进入(或加入)……‎ admit of容许 It is admitted that... 人们公认……‎ ‎ [即学即练2](1)You must admit the task to be difficult.你必须承认这项任务是艰巨的。‎ ‎(2)He admitted stealing the bicycle. 他承认偷了自行车。‎ ‎(3)The ticket will admit three persons to the concert.‎ 这张票可允许三个人参加音乐会。‎ ‎(4) It’s admitted that the plan is unreasonable.‎ 普遍认为这个计划不合理。‎ ‎8．replace vt. 取代；替换；把……放回原处 replace(＝take the place of) sb./sth.‎ 取代某人/某物 replace sth. with/by sth. 用……替换……‎ in place of＝in one's place 代替 take one's place＝take the place of 代替 ‎ [即学即练3](1) Replace the book on the shelf. ‎ 把书放回书架上。‎ ‎(2)I replaced the old tyres with new ones.‎ 我用新轮胎替换了旧轮胎。‎ ‎(3)Can anything replace a mother's love and care?‎ 有什么东西能代替母亲的爱和关心吗？‎ ‎9．charge vt. & vi.收费；控诉；充电 n．费用；主管 charge sb. with (doing) sth. 使某人承担……责任；控告 charge sb. money for (doing) sth. 向某人索价 多少钱做什么 charge a battery 给电池充电 free of charge 免费 sb. take charge of sth. (＝be in charge of)某人 负责/管理某事 sth. be in (under) one's charge ＝be in (under) the ‎ charge of sb. 某事由某人负责/掌管 be on charge 在充电 ‎ [即学即练4](1)How much do you charge for mending a pair of shoes？你补一双鞋要多少钱？‎ ‎(2)Will you be in charge of the company when I am away？我不在的时候你负责公司事务好吗？‎ ‎(3)The company is in the charge of Tom when the boss is away. 老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。‎ ‎ (4)My MP3 can't be used now, for it is being charged.我的MP3现在不能用，正在充电。‎ ‎(5)He was charged with murder.他被指控犯谋杀罪。‎ ‎10．bargain vi. 议价；讨价还价；谈判 n. 成交的商品；廉价货 make a bargain with sb. 与某人达成协议 bargain with sb. about sth. 与某人协商某事 strike a bargain with sb. 与某人成交 It's a bargin. 这可是便宜货。‎ a bargain price (＝a low price) 廉价 ‎ [即学即练5](1)These shoes are a real bargain at such a low price.‎ 这些鞋子价格这样低，真是便宜货。‎ ‎(2)He made a bargain with his wife，“You do the shopping and I will cook.”‎ 他和妻子达成协议：“你去买东西，我做饭。”‎ ‎(3)We bargained with her about the price. 我们跟她议价。‎ ‎11．deserve vi.&vt. 应受(报答或惩罚)；值得 deserve sth. 应该得到；值得 deserve to do sth. 值得做某事 deserve well/ill of 应受到……之优(虐)待 ‎[即学即练6](1)Guilin deserves a visit.‎ ‎＝Guilin deserves to be visited.桂林值得一游。‎ ‎(2)He deserves well of his country.他应得到国家的优待。‎ 提示：(1)deserve 不用于进行时态。‎ ‎(2)deserved adj. 应得的。如：deserved punishment/reward/praise 应得的惩罚报酬/赞美。‎ ‎(3)deserving adj. 有功的，值得的。如：be deserving of smypathy 值得同情。 ‎ ‎（2）短语 ‎1．in search of＝in one's search for 寻找；搜寻 search...for...在……里面/身上搜寻 search for＝look for＝hunt for 寻找 search out 找出某人或某物 search through 把……仔细搜寻一遍 make a search for...搜查，搜寻 ‎ [即学即练6](1)They started off at once in search of the missing girl.他们立即出发，寻找失踪的女孩。‎ ‎(2)The police searched her for drugs.‎ 警察搜查她，看她身上是否有毒品。‎ ‎(3)We have been searching for the lost boy all over.‎ 我们一直在到处找那失踪的男孩。‎ ‎(4)He searched out the book and gave it to me.‎ 他找出那本书给了我。‎ ‎(5)He searched (through) his pockets for a cigarette.‎ 他把自己的口袋找遍了，想找到一根香烟。 ‎ 拓展：in honour of 为了纪念；为向……表示敬意 in praise of 歌颂……；表扬……‎ in memory of 为纪念……‎ in favour of 赞同，支持 in place of 代替 in charge of 负责 in possession of 拥有 in control of 控制 in face of 面对……‎ in need/want of 需要 ‎2．belong to 属于；为……的一员 ‎[即学即练7](1)That dictionary belongs to the library.‎ 那本词典是图书馆的。‎ ‎(2)Do you belong to the trade union？你是工会会员吗？‎ ‎(3)Where do these plates belong？这些盘子该放在哪？‎ 提示：(1)belong to不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时态。‎ ‎(2)belong vi. “适合待在某处，放在某处”，没有含被动意味的过去分词用法。‎ ‎(3)belongings n. 财产，所有物，相关事物 ‎3．in return 作为回报；作为交换 in return for为……作为回报 without return 无赚头；无利润 by return (接信后)立即回复 return sb. sth. (＝return sth. to sb.) 将某物归还某人 return to some place/life 回到某地/复活 ‎ [即学即练8](1)He gave her some roses in return for her kindness.他送给她一些玫瑰答谢她的好意。‎ ‎(2)They let us use their computers, and in return we give them the results of our research.他们让我们使用他们的电脑，作为交换，我们给他们提供我们的研究成果。‎ ‎4．at war处于交战状态 at work　　　在上班 at play 在玩 at peace 处于和平中 at school 在上学 at breakfast 在吃早饭 at table 在吃饭 at desk 在学习 at rest 静止 ‎ [即学即练9](1)The two countries have been at war for years.这两国已经打了好几年仗了。‎ ‎(2) At rest the insect looks like a dead leaf.‎ 这种昆虫不动时看上去像一片枯叶。‎ 提示：(1)on也可以表示“在……中”，常见搭配有：on duty/sale/fire/strike/business/show等。‎ ‎(2)under表示“在……中”，常见搭配有：under way/control/repair/construction等。‎ ‎5．take apart 拆开，拆散 ‎[即学即练10](1)The Germans took apart the Amber Room and moved it away.‎ 德国人把琥珀屋拆开移走了。‎ 拓展：apart 是副词，“相距，相隔；分开，分离；在一边”。还可以构成如下短语：‎ apart from 除……以外 know/tell... apart 辨认，区别 put/set sb./sth. apart (from sb./sth.)‎ 使某人/某物显得优越或独特 stand apart 分开站 live apart 分开住 be wide/far apart 相距很远 ‎①这些短语中，若代词做宾语，要放在动词与 apart 之间。‎ ‎②apart from有 besides 和 except 的双重含义。‎ ‎6．think highly of 看重；器重 think well/much of sb./sth. 对某人/某物评价高 think badly/little/ill/lightly of sb./sth. ‎ 对某人/某物评价低(印象不好)‎ think poorly of 不放在眼里；轻视 think nothing of 轻视；认为无所谓 speak highly of 高度赞扬 speak well/ill of 说……好/坏 think of 想起，记得；觉得怎样 think of...as...把……当做……‎ ‎[即学即练11]I don't think much of these so－called improvements to the town center.‎ 我对这些所谓的改善市中心的措施评价不高。‎ 提示：当 think highly/well/much...of用于被动结构时，修饰动词的副词应放在动词之前，即：be highly/well/much thought of。‎ ‎7．stand for代表；象征；倡导，支持；容忍，接受 ‎[即学即练7]写出下列stand for的意思。‎ ‎(1)Pine trees stand for courage and strength.‎ ‎(2)We stand for fair competition in the Olympic Games.‎ ‎(3)No one can stand for the way he speaks to his mother.‎ ‎8．as well 也；又；还 ‎(1)as well 相当于too和 also，用于肯定句中，表示“也，又，而且”，用于句尾。‎ ‎(2)may/might as well 表示委婉的建议，一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议。意思是“我们不妨……，我们还是……吧”。‎ ‎(3)as well as用做连词，连接两个相当的成分，如名词、形容词、介词、动词等，通常不位于句首。此时 as well as强调的重点在前面，不在后面。连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数与前一个主语保持一致。‎ ‎ (4)as well as做介词，相当于 besides, in addition to，意为“除……之外”，后接名词、代词、动名词。‎ ‎(5)as well as表示比较，意为“和……一样好”。‎ ‎ [即学即练8](1)I'm going to London and my sister's going as well.我要去伦敦，我的妹妹也要去。‎ ‎(2)If you're going to the library, I might as well go with you; I have to return this book.‎ 如果你去图书馆，我不妨和你一起去，我得去还这本书。‎ 提示：(1)和as well as的用法一样，连接主语时，谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致的词或短语还有：with, along with, together with, but, besides, rather than等。如：‎ Mr Brown together with his wife and three children has been in China for three years.‎ 布朗先生跟他的妻子和三个孩子已经来中国三年了。‎ ‎(2)not only...but also...可连接各种结构，包括句子，但强调的重点在后面，连接主语时，谓语动词的数与后面的主语一致。如：‎ Not only he but also we are fond of the song.‎ 不仅是他，我们也喜欢这首歌。‎ ‎（3）易混易错点拨 ‎1. elect/choose/select/pick ‎(1)elect“选举；选择”，指在一定的范围内或有限的数量中，遵照一定的规章或法制，用投票或举手等表决方式，以多数为标准，选举出代表或负责人；也含有为完成某任务而选择适用的人员的意思。‎ ‎(2)choose“挑选；选择”，指从若干人或事物中找出符合要求、满足需要的人或事物。这种选择取决于个人主观意志，带有最终选定的含义。‎ ‎ (3)select“精选”，语气比choose重，而且更正式，强调客观性，挑选对象是同类的。‎ ‎(4)pick常与out连用，有“挑选，选择”之意，指仔细地、精心地选择，带有挑剔意味，有时可与select互换，作“拣出，认出”解。‎ ‎ [练习]　(1)It took her an hour to ___________ a dress that suited her.‎ ‎(2)Chu has been ___________ to attend the National Young Leaders’ Conference.‎ ‎(3)We have __________ him chairman.‎ ‎(4)You should ____________ friends with care.‎ pick(out) selected elected choose ‎2. jewel/jewellery ‎(1)jewel指“宝石，珠宝”，为可数名词。如：valuable jewels“值钱的珠宝”。它也可引申为“被珍视的东西或人”。‎ ‎(2)jewellery也可写做jewelry，为不可数名词，是“珠宝”的总称。‎ ‎ [练习]　(1)He bought a piece of _________ for his wife.‎ ‎(2)His wife is a ___________ to him.‎ jewellery jewel ‎3. remove/move remove和move都表示“移动”。区别是move强调位置和姿态的改变；remove强调完全放弃原来的地方而到达新的地方，有时相当于take away/off。表示“迁居”时，二者均可。‎ ‎ [练习]　(1)What do you advise for _______________ ink from my clothes?‎ ‎(2)Who __________ my cheese?‎ ‎(3)We are ______________________ from London to the country.‎ removing moved moving/removing ‎4. allow/permit/let/admit ‎(1)allow强调“默许”。用法：allow sb. to do/allow doing sth.。‎ ‎(2)permit有时可与allow通用，不过它的语气更强，也更正式，可表示“明文规定允许或不允许”，其用法为：permit sb. doing/permit sb. to do sth.。‎ ‎ (3)let与上面两个可以通用，不过更口语化，而且用法不同，其用法为：let sb. do sth.。‎ ‎(4)admit其实只是表示“允许进入，接收(入学，入会等)”，其用法为：admit sb. to...，这里to是介词。除此之外，admit还可以解释为“承认”。 ‎ ‎ [练习]　(1)The policeman _________ him to park here.‎ ‎(2)We can’t stand by and ________ such a thing.‎ ‎(3)Women were only _________ into the club last year.‎ ‎(4)_________ me have a look ，will you?‎ permitted allow admitted Let ‎5. join/join in/join sb. in (doing) sth./take part in/attend ‎(1)join“参加”，指加入党派、社会团体、军队等并成为其中一员。‎ ‎(2)join in表示“参加某种活动”，in可为介词，也可为副词。‎ ‎(3)join sb. in(doing) sth.表示“参加某人所从事的活动”。‎ ‎(4)take part in指参加群众性活动、会议并在其中起作用。take an active part in积极参与。‎ ‎(5)attend是正式用语，指参加会议、婚礼、典礼；听报告、讲座等。一般指成为观众或听众。‎ ‎ [练习](1)How many countries and areas________________ the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing?‎ 有多少国家和地区参加了第29届北京奥运会？‎ ‎(2)Many young girls ______ aerobics classes to keep slim.很多年轻的姑娘为了保持苗条身材而加入有氧健身班。‎ ‎(3)The meeting was ___________ by 90% of share holders. ‎ ‎90%的股东出席了会议。‎ ‎(4)I’m sure you’ll all _________________ wishing Ted and Lawra a very happy marriage.‎ 我相信大家会愿意与我一起共祝特德和劳拉喜结良缘。‎ took part in/ join/attended / join me in ‎6. as well/too/also/either 这几个词都表示“也”，但用法不同：‎ ‎(1)as well用于肯定句，置于句末。‎ ‎(2)also比较正式，位置通常在主要动词前面或系动词be后面，不放在句末。‎ ‎(3)too多用于口语，位置通常在句末，前面常有逗号；也可以在句中，前后都有逗号。‎ ‎(4)as well, too, also这三个词都不用于否定句，否定句中用either。‎ ‎ [练习]　(1)It won’t do them any good, but it won’t do them any harm _________________.‎ ‎(2)I surfed the Internet last night. He did, ______.‎ ‎(3)This pen will do ___________.‎ ‎(4)He ______ enjoys playing table tennis in his spare time.‎ either/too/as well/also II.重点句型背诵 ‎①Could/Can he have been told the news?‎ 他被告知这个消息了吗？‎ ‎②He knew little about Japanese, so he couldn't have learned it. 他对日语一无所知，因此他不可能学过。‎ ‎③The light is out. They can't be at home.‎ 灯灭着，他们现在不可能在家。‎ 拓展：(1)can/could主要用于否定推测；must 表推测只用于肯定句；mustn't表示“禁止；不允许”。情态动词 can和 must表推测时，其反意疑问句的动词形式要依据主句中有无具体时间状语而定。‎ ‎(2)could have done用于肯定句，则表示“本来能够做到却没有做到”，此时 could不能换成 can。‎ ‎①It seems that he is unhappy. He must have been told the bad news.‎ 看起来他不高兴，他一定已被告知这个坏消息了。‎ ‎②He could have caught the early bus, but his bike broke down on the way.‎ 他本能够赶上那辆早班车，但是他的自行车在路上坏了。‎ ‎2.remain为系动词，意为“(继续)保持，仍然处于(某种状态)”，后接名词、形容词、分词、介词短语等做表语。‎ ‎①Where he has gone remains a mystery.‎ 他去哪里了仍然是个谜。‎ ‎②Shops remain open till late in the evening.‎ 商店营业到晚上很晚。‎ ‎③Much work remains undone. 还有大量的工作未做。‎ ‎④They remained listening. 他们一直在听。‎ ‎⑤The patient remained in danger. 病人仍处在危险中。‎ ‎⑥That remains to be seen. 那还有待观察。‎ ‎⑦Since it's been a secret so long, it had better remain so.既然它已是长时间的秘密，还是继续保密为好。‎ 拓展：(1)remain还可用做不及物动词，意为“剩下，还有；(继续)待在某处，继续存在，留下”。‎ ‎①Little of the original architecture remains.‎ 原来的建筑现在留存的已经很少了。‎ ‎②I'll remain to see the end of the game.‎ 我将留下看比赛的结果。‎ ‎ (2)辨析 remain/stay/keep ‎①remain继续保持或处于原来的状态。‎ ‎②stay继续保持或处于原来的状态，与 remain同义，但后面不接 to do或 to be done，多接形容词等构成系表结构。‎ ‎③keep需要设法才能保持或处于某种状态。‎ what引导的宾语从句，做介词 in的宾语，同时 what在宾语从句中做 call的间接宾语。what可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句等名词性从句，它的含义也比较广泛，可以指事、物、时间、地点、言语、情况等。‎ ‎①The boss seems not satisfied with what we have done.‎ 老板似乎对我们所做的事不满意。‎ ‎②We waited what seemed two hours.‎ 我们等了大约两个小时。‎ ‎③Who invented what is called “wheel”？‎ 谁发明了叫做“轮子”的东西？‎ ‎3.nor/neither“也不”，置于句首引导分句，句子要用部分倒装。即：‎ ‎“neither/nor＋be(助动词或情态动词)＋主语”，表示前面否定的情况也适合于下文另一人或物，相当于 either 用于否定句。当两个主语是同一个人或物时，只能用 nor。‎ ‎①She isn't a student; neither/nor is he (＝he isn't a student, either). 她不是学生，他也不是。‎ ‎②I don't know, nor do I care. (nor不能用 neither替换)‎ 我不知道，也不关心。‎ 拓展：(1)“so＋be(助动词或情态动词)＋主语”，表示上文肯定的情况也适合于下文另外一个人或物。‎ ‎(2)“so＋主语＋be(助动词或情态动词)”则表示对前述情况的认同或强调，注意前后是同一主语，意为“的确”“确实”。‎ ‎ (3)So it is (was) with sb. (sth.)或 It is (was) the same with sb.‎ ‎ (sth.)用于前面陈述的是两种以上的情况或既有肯定也有否定。‎ ‎①—He dances well. 他舞跳得好。‎ ‎—So do you. 你也跳得好。‎ ‎②It's a fine day today. 今天是一个好天。‎ ‎—So it is! 今天确实是一个好天！‎ ‎③—He didn't work hard, so he failed the exam.‎ 他不努力学习，所以考试失败了。‎ ‎—So it was with me.我也是。‎ III.阅读理解技法每日点拨 代词在阅读理解中的两种考法 ‎ 在阅读理解中我们常常遇到一些代词，如it, they, that, this, which, as, so等，其中it, that, this等代词在语篇中出现的频率较高，它们不仅能起指代作用，用来代替上下文涉及的人、事或物，同时还能起到承上启下，体现文章中各个句子之间的衔接关系。‎ 代词一般是“回指”前面提到过的某一事物或内容。如：‎ Our curtains look dirty. They need a good wash.(they回指our curtains)‎ 但有时也“预指”后面出现的某一事物或内容。如：‎ I shall say this to you: he is an honest man.(this预指冒号后面的he is an honest man)‎ 高考阅读理解中有关代词的指代关系的考查主要有两类：‎ ‎1. 直接要求考生指出代词所指的具体内容。‎ ‎【例1】However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing.‎ ‎ In Paragraph 2, the underlined word “that” refers to ________.‎ A. being good at something ‎ B. setting a practical goal C. putting in more time ‎ D. succeeding in life ‎【答案】 B ‎2. 间接考查考生对代词指代内容的把握。‎ 因为代词在上下文或上下句中起语义的衔接作用，在解答某些细节题时，如果不弄清代词的指代内容，就很难选出正确的答案。解题中，考生需要利用代词的回指或预指来理清上下句的衔接关系，从而找到问题的答案。‎ ‎【例2】 It was hard to lift her. She was just out. But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the grins and drag her away from the edge. That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness, felt herself being pulled along the ground, and saw someone else holding her purse.‎ ‎◇ When did Lisa become conscious again?‎ A. When the train was leaving.‎ B. After she was back on the platform.‎ C. After the police and fire officials came.‎ D. When a man was cleaning the blood from her head.‎ ‎【解析】 解答本题的关键是理解That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness(那就是丽莎苏醒的地方)中的that到底是指什么。结合前句，不难看出that回指the platform，故正确答案为B项。‎ ‎【答案】 B 即学即用 ‎1. Valderzak had adjusted to his hearing loss with the help of a special microphone and a crash lesson in lip-reading. But that meant he could only talk to one person at a time. But now he can talk to all four of his kids again.‎ ‎◇ The underlined word “that” refers to “________”.‎ A. hearing loss B. using a special microphone C. lip-reading D. attending a course on lip reading ‎2. Too many people want others to be their friends, but they don’t give friendship back. That is why some friendships don’t last long. To have a friend, you must learn to be one. You must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you. Learning to be ‎ a good friend means learning three rules: be honest, be generous and be understanding.‎ ‎◇ Some friendships don’t last long because ________.‎ A. there are too many people who want to make friends B. some people receive friendship but don’t give friendship back C. those who give others friendship receive friendship from others D. they don’t know friendship is something serious ‎3. Two 12-year-old boys, Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search for a football. Once they’d rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water. The pair panicked and tried to row back to the shore. But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control.‎ ‎◇ What does the underlined word “it” refer to?‎ A. The beach. B. The water.‎ C. The boat. D. The wind.‎ ‎4. In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animals. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.‎ ‎◇ The author has discovered that people will feel happy when ________.‎ A. they offer their help ‎ B. they receive others’ help C. they feel others’ kindness ‎ D. they show their weakness ‎5. However, it wasn’t all sweetness and light. There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission.‎ ‎◇ Some cats and dogs may fight when ________.‎ A. they are cold to each other B. they look away from each other C. they misunderstood each other’s signals D. they are introduced at an early age 答案与解析 ‎1. 答案 C ‎2. 答案 B 解析 因That is why ...中that是回指前面一句的内容，故选B项。‎ ‎3. 答案 D 解析 本题要求考生弄清it是回指文中的什么内容，从上文中a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water可知，it指的是the wind，所以答案是D项。‎ ‎4. 答案 A 解析 解答本题的关键是理解此段最后一句中的代词it到底是指什么。结合上文可知，it回指的是前文中的hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat，人们的这些行为概括地说，就是offer their help，故正确选项是A项。‎ ‎5. 答案 C 解析 解答此题的关键是理解One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite中的代词this到底是指什么。根据行文逻辑可知，this是回指(between the cat and dog)fighting，即“猫狗打架”的一个原因是它们的“肢体信号是相反的”，信号相反就容易误解，当双方误解了对方的肢体信号时就会打架。故正确选项是C项。‎ 能力提升——测一测 I．单词拼写 ‎1．There was not enough e_____________ to prove that he stole the wallet. ‎ ‎2．The rare vase was made in Ming D_____________.‎ ‎3．I don't like his s______ of dress.‎ ‎4．Anne's parents died in the earthquake, but she s______.‎ ‎5．I d______ whether what he said was true.‎ ‎6．Before the Nazis came, they were only able to ‎__________(搬动) some of the things.‎ ‎7．I found the streets ____________(装饰) with colorful flowers.‎ ‎8．When the boiler _______________(爆炸) many people were hurt by the steam.‎ ‎9．The skirt sells well for its excellent __________(设计)．‎ ‎10．The scientists have made a _________(有价值的) discovery recently.‎ decorated　exploded design valuable ‎11．China h_________ the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.‎ ‎22．More than 10 000 a_________ took part in the Games.‎ ‎23．Since you're not in good health, it's quite necessary for you to pay attention to p____________ exercise.‎ ‎24．How can you do such a f________ thing to tell him all?‎ ‎25．He a_____________ having killed his wife. So he was sentenced to death.‎ hosted　athletes physical foolish admitted ‎16．The ____________(古代的) Olympic Games began around 776 BC.‎ ‎17．The Chinese team won the first gold _________(奖牌) in the game.‎ ‎18．Many people served as _____________ (志愿者) in the Beijing Olympic Games.‎ ‎19．There are plenty of ________________(广告)，which help to cut the cost of making the newspaper.‎ ‎20．Many ____________ (体育场) were built for the 2008 Olympic Games.‎ ancient　medal volunteers advertisements stadiums ‎ II.语法填空（重点训练题型）‎ ‎1. Since then, people all over China have tried their best to help those who ________(survive) the Wenchuan Earthquake rebuild their homes.‎ ‎2. A troop of carefully ________(select) soldiers set out in search of those who might survive the terrible coal mine accident.‎ ‎3. It was reported that eight policemen were sent to the forest ________ search of the missing girl.‎ ‎4. Evidence shows that the store was burnt down ________ design. That is why the police are looking into the matter.‎ ‎5. China, ________(belong) to the Third World, has made a great contribution to human beings.‎ ‎6. Mr. Han, my neighbor, is always helping those who are in trouble without expecting anything ________ return.‎ ‎7. Bad habits are no way easy to be ________(remove); it needs your determination.‎ ‎8. With the development of science and technology, there is no doubt ________ ordinary people will land on the moon in the near future.‎ ‎9. Rod loves taking ________ clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again. ‎ ‎10. He was highly thought ________ by his colleagues though he himself didn’t think he had done anything special.‎ ‎11. We ________(face) the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?‎ ‎12. As we know, coal can be used ________(produce) electricity.‎ ‎13. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________(see) whether they will enjoy it.‎ ‎14. Nowadays, the cell phone can also work ________ a camera, a remote control and tour guide.‎ ‎15. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it ________(explain) often enough.‎ ‎16. There is a front and a back entrance ________ the house.‎ ‎17. Tom invited about 20 people to his party, most of ________ are his friends.‎ ‎18. In 1920, Poland and Russia were still ________ war.‎ ‎19. The bathroom ________(decorate) in green and yellow.‎ ‎20. We sat and talked ________ the light of the fire.‎ ‎21. All the athletes competed against each other ________ gold medals in the Olympic games.‎ ‎22. As is well known to all, the term “Lei Feng” stands ________ anyone who is selfless, or anyone who is ready to help others in China.‎ ‎23. If you have health examinations ________(regular), any disease you may have can be discovered early and successful treatment is more likely.‎ ‎24. Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates ______(admit) into universities next year.‎ ‎25. Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. ________(similar), our minds are developed by learning.‎ ‎26. The company used to be ________ his direct charge.‎ ‎27. As we all know, while shopping, women are always bargaining with the assistants ________ the price of what they want to buy.‎ ‎28. In 2013, the Chinese people were always in high spirits, for pieces of exciting news came to China one ________ another.‎ ‎29. I just can’t believe that she ________(fool) agreed to go there with them.‎ ‎30. A business plan should be a strategic outline of ________ you are going to do, why and how you are going to do it.‎ ‎31. We are busy with the sports meeting ________(hold) next week.‎ ‎32. Come on! I’m afraid there is a little time ________(leave) before we catch the train for Beijing.‎ ‎33. As we all know, China lies ________ the east of Asia.‎ ‎34. Do you know that it was in our village ________ the film Under the Hawthorn Tree was made?‎ ‎35. I drove to Hong Kong for the air show last week and that is ________ I had a few days off.‎ ‎36. We are much pleased to take part ________ trial-producing the new instrument.‎ ‎37. I was trying to find the museum, but I got ________(hope) lost.‎ ‎38. The old man deserved ________(take) good care of.‎ ‎39. So far, we ________(replace) the old machine with a computer.‎ ‎40. The factory produces generators and motors ________ well. ‎ ‎ 答案 1. survived 2. selected 3. in 4. by 5. belonging 6. in 7. removed8. that 9. apart 10. of 11. could have faced 12. to produce 13. to be seen14. as 15. explained 16. to 17. whom 18. at 19. is decorated 20. by/in21. for 22. for 23. regularly 24. will be admitted 25. Similarly 26. in27. about/over 28. after 29. foolishly 30. what 31. to be held 32. left 33. in 34. that 35. why 36. in 37. hopelessly 38. taking/to be taken 39. have replaced 40. as III.短语填空 ‎(1)The countries have been ____________ for more than a century.这些国家和平共处已有一个多世纪了。‎ ‎(2)John enjoys __________________ to see how they work.约翰喜欢拆卸东西，以研究它们的工作原理。‎ ‎(3)We all __________________ her.我们都很看重她。‎ ‎(4)He was kind __________________ sensible.他厚道又明白事理。‎ ‎(5)He __________________ his wife was invited to the party.他和他妻子都被邀请参加那个聚会了。‎ ‎(6)__________________ breaking his leg, he hurt his arm.他除了摔断腿之外，还伤到了胳膊。‎ ‎(7)The daughter cooks __________________ her mother does.女儿烧菜烧得跟她母亲一样好。‎ ‎1.at peace2.taking things apart3.think highly of4.as well as5.as well as6.As well as7.as well as IV.句型填空 ‎1.He paid for a seat, when he ______ free. 他本可以免费进入，却买了票。‎ ‎2.He _________the early bus, but his bike broke down on the way.‎ 他本能够赶上那辆早班车，但是他的自行车在路上坏了。‎ 答案：could have caught ‎3. Much work _______ undone. 还有大量的工作未做。‎ 答案remains ‎4.The boss seems not satisfied with ______-we have done.老板似乎对我们所做的事不满意。‎ 答案what ‎5. —He didn't work hard, so he failed the exam.‎ 他不努力学习，所以考试失败了。‎ ‎—___________.我也是。‎ 答案So it was with me ‎ IV．语法填空 ‎【东北师大附中2018届高三第二次模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Last week, our class was on duty in the cafeteria for student self-management. On the first day, I ___1___(shock) to see so much leftover food thrown away by students. What ___2___ waste! Being concerned about it, my classmates and I had a ___3___ (heat) discussion on how ___4___(solve) the problem. Lots of good ideas came up, such as holding class meetings, putting up wall newspapers and charging a fine for wasting food. Finally, we all agreed that wall newspaper would be ___5___(good) choice.‎ The next day, we put our idea into ___6___(real). Towards lunch time, we put up a wall newspaper outside the school cafeteria, ___7___(call) on students not to waste food. Many students gathered around to read and ___8___(express) their support. To my great delight, there were changes soon. In the cafeteria, I found the trays returned after lunch all empty ___9___ any leftover. Food saved and the dining hall was cleaner. Seeing this, I felt relieved and proud of ____10____ we had done.‎ ‎【答案】1. was hocked 2. a 3. heated 4. to solve 5. the best 6. reality 7. calling ‎ ‎8. expressed 9. without 10. what ‎【解析】从文章体裁分析，本文是一篇记叙文的写作，写的是在学校食堂值班时看到一些学生浪费食物的现象，根据图画内容叙述帮助减少这种现象，减少食物浪费。‎ ‎1. 根据Last week，可知此处用一般过去时态的被动语态，I是句子主语，故答案为was hocked。‎ ‎2. 句意：what a waste of food 的意思是： 真浪费食物啊！这个句式是省略句，很明显是由what 引导的一个感叹句，一般的形式都是what + 冠词 + 形容词+名词，可知答案为a。‎ ‎3. 句意：我的同学和我关于怎样解决这个问题进行了一次激烈的讨论。此处是形容词修饰名词，故答案为heated。‎ ‎4. 句意：我的同学和我关于怎样解决这个问题进行了一次激烈的讨论。how to do sth.怎样做某事，故答案为to solve。‎ ‎5. 句意：我们都同意墙报是最好的选择。此处用形容词最高级，故答案为the best。‎ ‎6. 句意：我们的想法变成现实。put---into reality变成现实，故答案为reality。‎ ‎7. 句意：我们在学校自助餐厅外面贴了一份报纸，呼吁学生不要浪费食物。此处是现在分词做伴随状态，答案为calling。‎ V.范文背诵（翻译汉语句子并背诵全文）‎ Dear Li Hua，‎ In your last mail you doubt whether it is useful to go to college. But I believe ‎ ‎（上大学对你有几个方面的好处）_______________________.‎ Firstly, it will further your education and develop your competence. Generally speaking, higher education makes a person wiser, thus （使我们更可能过上更幸福的生活）__________________. Secondly, it is a good place for you to make friends. You can build your self-confidence as well as independence, and stand on your own feet through learning from your friends. Lastly, the training in your area of study improves your employable skills and helps you progress much faster up the career ladder.‎ So, work hard to be admitted into a good college, and you will earn yourself a bright future.‎ Truly yours David 答案：‎ ‎1. going to college will benefit you in several ways.（动名词短语作主语）‎ ‎2. making it more likely for us to live a happier life. (现在分词短语作状语).‎