专题11+旅游与交通（真题训练）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练 13页

专题11 旅游与交通 真题训练 Passage 1（2017年·新课标卷I）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解七选五 记叙文 我爱上露营 ‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎7分钟 ‎ If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 36 ‎ The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.‎ I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 38 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life. ‎ ‎ 39 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains. ‎ ‎ 40 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.‎ A. This time there was no tent.‎ B. Things are going to be improved.‎ C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.‎ D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.‎ E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. ‎ F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.‎ G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. ‎ ‎【语篇解读】三年前，作者对露营一无所知，也不认为自己会喜欢露营。然而后来有过几次露营的经历，作者和他的家人开始爱上了露营，甚至为露营购买了设备齐全的房车。作者认为露营是回归大自然的一个方式，也建议读者找到适合自己的回归自然的方式。‎ ‎36. D 【解析】根据前文可知三年前作者认为露营和自己无关，而后文中表明作者热爱露营，暗示此处作者对待露营的情感态度应该出现转变。D选项中的however表示转折，且If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping暗示作者态度的转变就在三年前，D选项中的since then＂自从那时候起＂和前文时间吻合。故选D。‎ ‎37. C 【解析】根据后文We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom可知作者第一次露营的条件很艰苦，C选项The trip they took me on was a rough one.中的rough暗示了这一点，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎39. F 【解析】根据后文we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.可知作者一家为了露营买了房车，里面设备齐全，说明作者一家人是喜欢露营的。F选项After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping(那次露营之后，我的家人开始对露营感兴趣)符合语境，故选F。‎ ‎40. E 【解析】根据后文It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in ‎ style.可知作者希望每个人能找到适合自己的回归自然的方法，而根据前文可知作者回归自然的方式就是露营。E选项I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.(我必须得承认我真的开始享受露营)既是对文章第一段中作者态度转变的一个总结，也很好地衔接了后文。故选E。‎ Passage 2（2017年·新课标卷II）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 应用文 ‎ 美国旧金山的四个旅游活动和路线 ‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎7分钟 ‎ San Francisco Fire Engine Tours San Francisco Winery Tour Running: February 1st through April 30th This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in ticket price)‎ Departing from the Cannery: Tour times upon request.‎ Duration(时长): 2 hours Price: $90‎ Back to the Fifties Tour Running: August 16th through August 31st This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.‎ Departing from the Cannery: 5:00 pm and 7:00 pm ‎ Duration: 2 hours Price: $90‎ Spooky Halloween Tour Running: October 10th through October 31st ‎ Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district. Authentic fire gear(服装) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco. ‎ Departing from the Cannery: 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm ‎ Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes ‎ Price: Available upon request Holiday Lights Tour ‎ Running: December 6th through December 23nd ‎ This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francis’s most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.‎ Departing from the Cannery: 7:00 pm and 9:00 pm Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes Advance reservations required.‎ ‎21. Which of the tours is available in March?‎ A. San Francisco Winery Tour.‎ B. Back to the Fifties Tour.‎ C. Spooky Hallowen Tour.‎ D. Holiday Lights Tour.‎ ‎22. What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tours?‎ A. Go to Treasure Island.‎ B. Enjoy the holiday scenes.‎ C. Have free ice cream.‎ D. Visit the Presidio district.‎ ‎23. What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour?‎ A. Take some drinks.‎ B. Set off early in the morning.‎ C. Wear warm clothes.‎ D. Make reservations in advance.‎ ‎【话题解读】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了美国旧金山的四个旅游活动和路线。‎ ‎22. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二则广告中的＂Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream＂可知，在活动中人们可以享受到免费的冰激凌。‎ ‎23. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一个活动中的 ＂Advance reservations required＂可知，参加Holiday Lights Tour需要人们提前预约。‎ Passage 3（2017年·天津卷）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 说明文 对新型交通工具——无人驾驶的全自动化的车辆负责 ‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎8分钟 ‎ This month, Germany’s transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost. ‎ The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the ＂death valley＂ of autonomous vehicles:‎ ‎ the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.‎ Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel — to check email, say — the car’s maker is responsible if there is a crash.‎ ‎＂The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,＂ says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.‎ Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. ＂The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all,＂ says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.‎ An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human ＂be watchful and monitoring the road＂ at every moment.‎ But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. ＂When you say ‘driverless cars’, people expect driverless cars.＂ Merat says. ＂You know — no driver.＂‎ Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation.‎ Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.‎ That would go down poorly in the US, however. ＂The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,＂ says Calo.‎ ‎46. What does the phrase ＂death valley＂ in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. A place where cars often break down.‎ B. A case where passing a law is impossible.‎ C. An area where no driving is permitted. ‎ D. A situation where drivers’ role is not clear.‎ ‎47. The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to __________.‎ A. stop people from breaking traffic rules B. help promote fully automatic driving C. protect drivers of all ages and races D. prevent serious property damage ‎48. What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?‎ A. It should get the attention of insurance companies.‎ B. It should be the main concern of law makers.‎ C. It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.‎ D. It should involve no human responsibility.‎ ‎49. Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in _________.‎ A. Singapore B. the UK ‎ C. the US D. Germany ‎50. What could be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability?‎ B. Fully Automatic Cars: A New Breakthrough C. Autonomous Vehicles: Driver Removed!‎ D. Driverless Cars: Root of Road Accidents ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章记叙了德国交通部长的对于自主驾驶车辆的规章制度的一个提议，引出说明了位于科技前沿的无人驾驶的自动化车辆在英国、新加坡和美国的不同前景。‎ ‎47.B 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段内容The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the ＂death valley＂ of autonomous vehicles…可知选B。‎ ‎48.D【解析】考查细节理解。根据第六、七、八段内容可知选D。‎ ‎49.C 【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段That would go down poorly in the US, however. ＂The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,＂ says Calo.可知选C。‎ ‎50. A 【解析】考查标题归纳。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了谁来对无人驾驶的机动车辆负责。故选A。‎ Passage 4（2015年· 新课标全国卷II）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 应用文 伦敦进行一日游的四种安排 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎5分钟 Choose your oneday tours!‎ Tour A—Bath & Stonehenge including entrance fees to the ancient Roman bathrooms and Stonehenge—￡ 37 until 26 March and ￡39 thereafter.‎ Visit the city with over 2，000 years of history and Bath Abbey，the Royal Crescent and the Costume Museum.Stonehenge is one of the world's most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5，000 years.‎ Tour B—Oxford & Stratford including entrance fees to the University St Mary's Church Tower and Anne Hathaway's house— ￡ 32 until 12 March and ￡ 36 thereafter.‎ Oxford: Includes a guided tour of England's oldest university city and colleges. Look over the “city of dreaming spires(尖顶)” from St Mary's Church Tower. Stratford: Includes a ‎ guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder.‎ Tour C—Windsor Castle & Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace—￡34 until 11 March and ￡37 thereafter.‎ Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry Ⅷ's favourite palace. Free time to visit Windsor Castle(entrance fees not included). With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze(迷宫) where it is easy to get lost!‎ Tour D—Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great—￡33 until 18 March and ￡37 thereafter.‎ Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century.‎ ‎33.Which tour will you choose if you want to see England's oldest university city?‎ A. Tour A. B. Tour B. ‎ C. Tour C. D. Tour D. ‎ ‎34.Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March?‎ A. Windsor Castle & Hampton Court. B. Oxford & Stratford.‎ C. Bath &Stonehenge. D. Cambridge.‎ ‎35.Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction?‎ A. It used to be the home of royal families.‎ B. It used to be a wellknown maze.‎ C. It is the oldest palace in Britain.‎ D. It is a worldfamous castle. ‎ ‎【话题解读】 本文主要介绍了在伦敦进行一日游的四种安排，包括线路、时间、费用以及旅游途中的景点，是否有导游陪伴讲解等内容。‎ ‎33. B　【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的see England's oldest university city，再根据Tour B中Oxford部分的“Includes a guided tour of England's oldest university city and colleges.”可知B项正确。‎ ‎35. A　【解析】细节理解题。根据Tour C中的“Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen.”可知，汉普顿宫曾经是四个国王和一个王后的宫殿，因此成了主要的旅游景点。故A项正确。‎ Passage 4（2015年·天津卷 ）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 议论文 ‎ ‎ 步行有益于身体健康 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎7分钟 People aren't walking any more — if they can figure out a way to avoid it.‎ I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel.  The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car. And I wasn't in any hurry, either. I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness: motorosis.‎ It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune (免疫的), for I was bred in the  tradition of going to places on my own two legs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as a  good day's walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill. It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship. And the effect was lasting. When I was 45 years old I raced — and beat — a teenage football player the 168 steps up the Statue of Liberty.‎ Such enterprises today are regarded by many middle-aged persons as bad for the heart.  But a well-known British physician, Sir Adolphe Abrahams, pointed out recently that  hearts and bodies need proper exercise. A person who avoids exercise is more likely to  have illnesses than one ‎ who exercises regularly. And walking is an ideal form of  exercise — the most familiar and natural of all.‎ It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the trees, flowers, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world. He cannot learn in a car.‎ The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life. Many people don't dare to approach Nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is a steel river thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.‎ I say that the green of forests is the mind's best light. And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting.‎ ‎51.What is the national sickness?‎ A. Walking too much. B. Traveling too much. ‎ C. Driving cars too much. D. Climbing stairs too much. ‎ ‎52. What was life like when the author was young?‎ A. People usually went around on foot. ‎ B. People often walked 25 miles a day. ‎ C. People used to climb the Statue of Liberty. ‎ D. People considered a ten-hour walk as a hardship. ‎ ‎53. The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that 　　　. ‎ A. middle-aged people like getting back to nature B. walking in nature helps enrich one's mind C. people need regular exercise to keep fit D. going on foot prevents heart disease ‎54. What is compared to "a steel river" in Paragraph 6?‎ A. A queue of cars. B. A ray of traffic light. ‎ C. A flash of lightning. D. A stream of people. ‎ ‎55. What is the author's intention of writing this passage?‎ A. To tell people to reflect more on life. ‎ B. To recommend people to give up driving. ‎ C. To advise people to do outdoor activities. ‎ D. To encourage people to return to walking.‎ ‎【话题解读】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了汽车给我们的生活带来了方便的同时使人们变懒了，其实适当的步行有益于身体健康。‎ ‎51.C 【解析】考查细节理解。文章第二段作者用自己的实际情况举例，281步的距离竟然开车去邮寄包裹，暗示着国民的通病是用车过度。故选C项。‎ ‎52.A 【解析】考查细节理解。依据文章第三段中的"for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs"可知，作者在小时候，经常走着去很多地方。故选A项。‎ ‎54.A 【解析】考查句意理解。根据本句中的"on a concrete road"和下一句中的"waiting for the traffic light"可知，这里指车流。故选A项。‎ ‎55.D 【解析】考查写作意图。作者在文中论述了汽车带给人们便利的同时，减少了人们接近大自然的机会，也减少了锻炼的机会，这样对身体有害，同时作者强调了步行的益处，故作者的目的是鼓励人们减少用车，选择步行。故选D项。‎