专题29语法填空（一）-2017年高考英语二轮核心考点总动员 8页

专题 29 语法填空（一）‎ 关键词：语法,词汇填空,句法,逻辑,语境 难度系数：✱✱✱✱ 推荐指数：✱✱✱✱✱‎ ‎【基础回顾】‎ 考点归纳：‎ 语篇语法填空试题特点：‎ ‎1.把题设在有一定语境和语义确定了的文段中是高考命题的宗旨。旨在考查考生理解语篇的能力、分析句子结构的能力及熟练运用语法的能力。因此，只有读懂文段才能做好语法填空题。‎ ‎2. 从设空特点来看，它不仅重视对语言基础知识——词法、句法的考查，考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、动词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。同时也考查了学生在没有给出任何提示，根据语篇逻辑填空的能力。考生既要能判断出不同的“部分”在句子中的“成分”，又要考虑该结构中用什么词、词性、词形、习惯搭配、拼写、大小写等一系列问题（出现任何错误都不给分）。‎ 探究一、填实义词 填实义词 ----- 用括号内单词的正确形式填空，主要涉及动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级等语法考点。‎ ‎2015·全国卷Ⅰ] Yangshuo 67.________(be) really beautiful. A study of travellers 68.____ ____(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69.________(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70.________(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.‎ ‎【解析】67．is 　考查动词的正确形式。此句缺少谓语动词，根据句意和后句的时态，可知此处用一般现在时。阳朔真的很漂亮。]‎ ‎68．conducted　 考查过去分词作定语。这里表示一家网站所进行的调查。过去分词作后置定语表示被动关系。 ]‎ ‎69．regularly 　考查副词的用法。该旅游公司定期为人们安排这里适合旅行的地方。这里用副词修饰动词。‎ ‎70．living ‎ ‎ 　考查现在分词作定语。这里指住在上海和香港的人们。现在分词作后置定语表示主动关系。‎ 基础必读：‎ ‎（1）词汇层面]‎ 必读1：做主语或宾语的名词或“形容词+名词”前无形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时，根据上下文填冠词。‎ ‎【例1】The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ______ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. ]‎ ‎【例2】I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had ______ amazing conversation. ‎ ‎【解析】an 短语搭配have a conversation“和……交谈”。‎ ‎【例3】But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in ______ last row.‎ ‎【解析】the 特指最后一排，在序数词/最高级前，用定冠词。‎ 必读2：句子缺主语或宾语，空格后没有提示词，填词多为代词。‎ ‎【例4】Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult ______ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. ]‎ ‎【解析】it 作宾语从句主语，替代动词不定式短语to choose……。‎ ‎【例5】She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please ______. ‎ ‎【解析】him please him (使他高兴)，填代词；根据句意，此处指代her father。‎ ‎【例6】He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ______?”‎ ‎【解析】it 指前面提到的“水(the water)”。‎ 必读3：空格前已有主语，括号内是动词提示，空格需填谓语动词。‎ ‎【例7】He ______ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.‎ ‎【解析】was pretending 由“and giving”可确定，用过去进行时，构成并列谓语。‎ ‎【例8】Where men control the household, less money ______ (spend) on healthcare and food, which results in poorer health for children.]‎ ‎【解析】is spent　money与spend之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态，从句时态提示应用一般现在时。]‎ ‎【例9】One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ______ (find) that he has run out of salt.‎ ‎【解析】found 主格代词he后应为谓语动词，由语境由One day和“invited”可知，用一般过去时。‎ 必读4：句中已有谓语动词且又无并列连词与括号内提示的动词并列，说明空格需填非谓语动词形式。‎ ‎【例10】She wished that he was as easy ______ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume．‎ ‎【解析】to please “be+形容词+ to do”, 无需考虑其它的非谓语形式。此句式中常用主动形式表示被动含义。]‎ ‎【例11】Film has a much shorter history，especially when ______ (compare) to such art forms as music and planting.]‎ ‎【解析】compared　本句是when it is compared to …的省略。compare与逻辑主语film是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。‎ ‎【例12】But everyone added a little, always ______ (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”‎ ‎]‎ 必读5：当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填比较级和最高级。]]‎ ‎【例13】The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be ______ (sweet).”‎ ‎【解析】sweeter 句意是“什么也不会比这更甜”=这是世界上最甜的东西。‎ ‎【例14】I left it early because I had an appointment ______ (late) that day.]‎ ‎【解析】later 指那天晚些时候。‎ ‎【例15】It might have made it a little ______ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class.‎ ‎【解析】harder 句中a little修饰比较级harder，表示“更难一点”作宾补。 ‎ 必读 ‎6：当“……（+限定词）+名词”或“……+代词/doing/从句”在句中不做主语或宾语时，通常填介词。‎ ‎【例16】When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman ______ the trouble.‎ ‎【解析】for reward sb. for sth. 表示“因……而酬谢/报答某人”。‎ ‎【例17】He did so the next day. He was very tired ______ doing this for a whole day.‎ ‎【解析】after/from　A.用介词after表示“在……之后”；B. be tired from doing sth.为“因做某事而累”。‎ ‎【例18】When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already ______ table having supper.‎ ‎【解析】at at table表示“在进餐”，是习惯搭配。‎ ‎【技能方法】‎ 解题建议：‎ 一、认真研读所给短文，掌握文章的大意。从整体把握文章的时态，从而应对动词的正确形式填空中的时态和语态。‎ 二、加强对词汇本身用法的复习，如主、被、动，固定短语搭配，冠词、连词等运用进行复习。特别注意词的不同变形及词性。‎ 三、熟练掌握句法知识，准确使用连接词。‎ 四、注意文章上下文的逻辑关系，准确填出无提示词的空白。‎ ‎【基础达标】‎ ‎【黑龙江双鸭山市第一中学2017届高三上学期第一次质量检测】‎ In our daily life, we often meet with difficulties. Some people do nothing but wait, while others try hard to conquer___1___. Personally, we should face with difficulties positively and make every effort to overcome them.‎ My memory drew me back to five years ago when I was ___2___middle school student. At that time, I had great trouble studying English. First of all, I felt it hard to memorize English ___3___(word). Besides I didn’t dare to say anything in class when I___4___(ask) questions. What annoyed me most was that I failed exams___5___ (constant). I was about to give up___6___ my English teacher found my problems. He encouraged me and gave me some good advice.So ___7___(inspire) by him, I decided to settle my problems. ___8___(follow) his advice, I made progress gradually. I owe my achievement___9___the teacher whose encouragement was of great ‎ ‎___10___ (important).]‎ ‎3.words 我感到记住英语单词很难。根据句意可知此处用名词的复数形式，故填words。‎ ‎4.was asked 我被问问题的时候。根据句意可知用一般过去时态的被动语态，故填was asked。‎ ‎5.constantly 副词修饰动词，故填constantly。‎ ‎6.when 固定句式：was/were about to do sth...when...，正要做某事，这时候……。故填when。‎ ‎7.inspired 我受到他的鼓舞，我决定解决我的问题。此处是过去分词做原因状语，故填inspired。‎ ‎8.Following 按着他的建议，我渐渐地取得进步。此处是现在分词作方式状语，故填Following。注意大写开头。]‎ ‎9.to 固定词组：owe…to…，把……归功于……。故填to。]‎ ‎10.importance great修饰名词，故填importance。]‎ ‎【能力提升】]‎ ‎ 【湖北省荆门市2017届高三元月调考】‎ I was in the seventh grade. In a school of 1 ( main ) white students, I didn’t fit in anywhere. I was one of the four Asia students, so I ended up hanging out with other 2 ]‎ ‎(minority). During every lunch period, I would play a card game with one of my closest friends, Evan and tell 3 everything.]‎ One afternoon, I was walking with Evan. As we turned a corner, Evan stopped 4 ‎ ‎( talk ) to me, “ Why are you talking to me? I am not your friend.” Then he kept walking and never looked back. 5 ( shock ) by his words, I stood with tears in my eyes .‎ We didn’t speak to each other after that, and I didn’t get close to anyone for fear of 6 ‎ ‎( hurt ) again. It wasn’t until in high school 7 I began to trust other people again. What Evan said that day made me realize that I could make friends but I must be careful in choosing来源:]‎ ‎ 8 whom I open up.‎ If that incident 9 (happen), I wouldn’t have made new friends in high school and ‎ met the people who 10 (be ) my best friends now.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. mainly 2. minorities 3. him 4. to talk 5. Shocked ‎6. being hurt 7. that 8. to 9. hadn’t happened 10. are ‎4. to talk 考查固定用法。Stop to do：停下来做另一件事，此处是停止走路跟我说话，故用to talk。‎ ‎5. Shocked 考查非谓语动词。Shock和逻辑主语I之间是被动关系，故用shocked。‎ ‎6. being hurt 考查非谓语动词。此处意为害怕被伤害，用被动含义，of是介词，故后面动词要用动名词，答案为being hurt。]‎ ‎7. that 考查连词。此处为强调句型：it was ……that……。]‎ ‎8. to 考查固定搭配。此处为固定搭配，open up to：打开心扉。故填to。‎ ‎9. hadn’t happened 考查虚拟语气。此处为虚拟语气，且是对过去情况下的虚拟，且意为否定的，故填hadn’t happened。‎ ‎10. are考查时态和主谓一致。根据now可知是现在时，根据先行词可知主语是复数，故谓语用are。‎ ‎【终极闯关】]‎ The Language of Love ‎ Music is a universal language, which has the most powerful magic in the world. Music is a sweet language to show love to those who love us and those who 1. ___________ (love) by us. Music is also a friendly language for unfamiliar people to show kindness. It is living everywhere and all the time in our daily life.‎ ‎ I learned this while 2. ___________ (take) care of a seagull unfortunate enough to swallow a hook( 挂钩 ). After calling the wildlife rescue center and learning that all its 3. ___________(vehicle) were out on other business, I carefully 4. ___________ (wrap) the wild bird in a towel and carried him to my friend’s car. The only way 5. ___________ (keep) him calm ‎ was by singing. For 30 minutes, I sang 6. ___________(soft) to the small creature until finally delivering him 7. ____________ those who could help. I’m not certain 8. ___________ happened afterward, but for that brief period, we two vastly different species connected, bridging 9. ___________ gap between us through songs.‎ ‎ 10. ___________ doesn’t matter whether there will be difficulties in communication，for love is always the theme of each piece of music.]‎ ‎【答案】]‎ ‎1. are loved 2. taking 3. vehicles 4. wrapped 5. to keep(of keeping 记零分)]‎ ‎6. softly 7. to 8. what 9. the 10. It]‎ ‎2. taking 考查非谓语动词。根据句意“我学到以上这些是在我照看一只不够走运吞了挂钩的海鸥期间”可知，是我照看海鸥，此处take 要用非谓语动词格式，它的逻辑主语是I，与I 构成主动关系，还原完整的主谓结构应为“while I was taking care of …”, 其省略形式为“while taking care of…”，因此答案为taking。‎ ‎3. vehicles 考查名词。根据该空前面的all 和后面were 可知此处vehicle 要用复数形式vehicles。‎ ‎4. wrapped 考查时态，根据句意“我用毛巾细心地把这只鸟儿包住并带他上了我朋友的车”，整个事情都是对已发生的事情的描述，所以wrap 要用一般过去时，这个单词为闭音节单词，后加ed 需双写p，因此答案为wrapped。]‎ ‎5. to keep(of keeping 记零分) 考查非谓语动词。the way to do sth 为固定用法，因此此空答案为to keep。]‎ ‎6. softly 考查词性转换。根据句意“我柔声地对这个小不点唱着歌直到把他送给那些能够帮的上忙的人”，要用soft 的副词形式修饰sang,因此答案为softly.‎ ‎7. to 考查介词。根据语境，作者是把海鸥交付给能够帮忙的人，根据短语deliver something to somebody可知，此空答案为to。‎