专题12+名词性从句（热点难点突破）-2019年高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破 6页

一、选择题 ‎1．I suspect ________ Emily was lying when she described the incident，for I know her well.‎ A．whether B．that C．what D．how 答案　B ‎2．Lacking in the spirit of innovation，the small island country remains ________ it was 5 years ago.‎ A．what B．when C．why D．which 答案　A 解析　句意为：由于缺乏创新精神，这个小岛国家仍然和五年前一样。remains后为what引导的表语从句，what在从句中作表语，故选A项。‎ ‎3．In 1776，two Spanish men were seeking a way to travel from Santa Fe，in ________ is now New Mexico，to California on the west coast of North America.(2018·苏州学情调研，25)‎ A．where B．that C．which D．what 答案　D 解析　句意为：在1776年，两名西班牙男子正在寻找一条从圣达菲——就在现在的新墨西哥州——到在北美西海岸的加利福尼亚州的路。介词in后为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，应用what引导，故选D项。‎ ‎4．________ Jack gets home after school is calculated so that Mum can ensure him warm meals.‎ A．That B．When C．Whether D．How 答案　B 解析　句意为：杰克放学后何时到家是被计算好的，这样的话妈妈可以保证他能吃到热饭。根据句意可知，为了保证他能吃上热饭，因此被计算的是杰克到家的时间，应用when引导主语从句，故选B项。‎ ‎5．A problem has occurred ________ we should develop innovative thinking abilities in the classrooms by giving students opportunities to generate new ideas.‎ A．what B．where C．whether D．that 答案　C ‎6．Our health is ______ we make of it—give it attention and it improves；give it none and it weakens.‎ A．what B．whether C．how D．who 答案　A 解析　此处为what引导的表语从句。句意为：我们的健康取决于我们如何对待它——多关注它，它便会改善，不关心它，它就会变得虚弱。故选A。 ‎ ‎9．Following the decline in house prices in many small and mediumsized cities, there are now signs ________ house prices in major cities may also be set for a slide.‎ 答案：that　句意为：随着中小型城市房价的下跌，现在有迹象表明在大城市房价也可能有下滑的趋势。signs后是同位语从句，从句结构和意义完整，用从属连词that引导。‎ ‎10．Tens of thousands of people marched to the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, celebrating the 50th anniversary of King's famous speech, through which we know ________ he said meant to the black.‎ ‎11．New plans for the college entrance examination in Zhejiang are ________ students have to be tested on Chinese, math, English and another three subjects as they prefer.‎ 答案：that　句意为：浙江的高考新计划是考生必须参加语文、数学、英语和他们喜欢的其他三科的考试。设空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺成分和意义，故用that引导。‎ ‎12．There is a strong possibility ________ man will mainly depend on solar energy in the future.‎ 答案：that　句意为：人类在将来主要依靠太阳能是非常有可能的。设空后的从句句子结构完整，不缺少成分，且是对possibility的进一步解释、说明，故设空处引导同位语从句，故填that。‎ ‎13．As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.‎ 答案：what　句意为：正如约翰·‎ 列侬曾经所说，生活就是在你忙于制订其他计划的时候发生在你身上的事情。设空处引导表语从句并在从句中充当主语，故填what。‎ ‎14． ________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.‎ 答案：When　句意为：延误的航班将何时起飞主要取决于天气。分析句子结构可知，depends much on是句子的谓语，________ the delayed flight will take off是句子的主语，设空处引导主语从句。根据句意，设空处在主语从句中作时间状语，故填when。‎ ‎15． Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ________ you're afraid to do.‎ 答案：what/whatever/anything　句意为：振作起来，勇气就是去做(任何)你害怕做的事。分析题干可知，doing后为宾语从句，设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语且表物。也可填anything。‎ ‎16．The bride and groom gave ________ attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.‎ 答案：whoever　句意为：新娘和新郎给每个参加他们婚礼的人都送了礼物，来分享他们的幸福。设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，意思是“凡是……的人”，相当于anyone who，故用whoever。‎ ‎17．I couldn't imagine ________difficult it was for these badly injured victims to make it to the hospital.‎ 答案：how　句意为：我无法想象这些严重受伤的受害者能成功到达医院该有多么困难。设空处引导宾语从句，空后是形容词difficult，应该用how修饰，how difficult it was意为“这是多么困难”。‎ ‎18．Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ______ I was born.”‎ 答案：where　句意为：“那就是我出生的地方，”奶奶指着那家医院对我说。前面提到了医院，所以设空处应该是表地点，故用where引导该表语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。‎ ‎19．Some people believe______has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.‎ 答案：whatever　句意为：一些人认为，无论是曾经发生过的事情还是现在正在发生的事情，都会在将来重演。从句中缺少主语，且表示“无论……的事情”，故填whatever。‎ ‎20．—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?‎ ‎—Yeah, but I have no idea______he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.‎ 三、单句改错 ‎1． I didn't know what one to buy because these books were all useful to me.‎ 答案：what改为which　此处表示“不知道该买哪一个”意义，故“疑问词＋不定式”结构中的疑问词应用which。‎ ‎2．You want to know that everthing is going in our school.‎ 答案：that改为how　宾语从句的引导词在从句中作状语，表示go的程度，表示“我们学校的情况如何”，故用how。‎ ‎3．The problem is what the “Play” doesn't work at all.‎ 答案：what改为that　表语从句的引导词在从句中不作成分，而且不表示意义，故用that。what 在名词性从句中需要作主语、宾语等。‎ ‎4． There is no doubt whether I will achieve great progress in English learning with your assistance.‎ 答案：whether改为that　否定句或疑问句中doubt后的从句用that引导，肯定句doubt后的从句用whether/if引导。There is no doubt that...“毫无疑问……”。‎ ‎5． At that time, I just wondered that my mother was so delighted.‎ 答案：that改为why　根据wonder判断，引导词表示“为什么”意义，故用why。句子表示“我不明白为什么妈妈那么高兴”。‎ ‎6．Which is worse, they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake.‎ 答案：Which改为What　What is worse是固定用法，意为“更糟糕的是”。‎ ‎7．I went up and asked what I could help them.‎ 答案：what改为if/whether　 宾语从句的引导词不需要在从句中作成分，再根据ask判断句子的引导词表示疑问意义，故应为if/whether。‎ ‎8．As is known to all that millions of graduates crowded into the job market each year.‎ ‎9． That you should learn is how to write down the most important words, not the whole sentence.‎ 答案：That改为What　主语从句的引导词需要在从句中作learn的宾语，故用what。‎ ‎10． Next, we can know ________is going on at any time.‎ 答案：what　know后是一个宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故填what。‎ 四、语法填空 Alfred Alder, a famous psychiatrist, had __1__interesting experience. When he was a small boy he got off to a poor start in arithmetic(算术). His teacher got the idea that he had no ability in arithmetic, and told his parents __2__ she thought in order that they would not expect too much of him. In this way, they too developed the idea, “Isn't it too bad __3__Alfred can't do arithmetic？” He accepted their mistaken estimate of his ability, feeling that it was useless to try. ‎ ‎ One day he became very angry at the teacher and the other students because they laughed when he said he saw how to do a problem __4__ none of the other students had been able to solve.‎ ‎ Alder succeeded in solving the problem. This gave him confidence. He rejected the idea __5__ he could not do arithmetic and was determined to show them that he could. His __6__(angry) and his new found faith stimulated him to go at arithmetic problems with a new spirit. He now worked __7__interest, determination, and purpose, and he soon became __8__(extraordinary) good at arithmetic. He not only proved that he can do arithmetic, but he learned early in life from his own experience, if a person __9__(go) at a job with determination and purpose, his ability may make himself as well as others __10__(astonish)．‎ ‎1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______‎ ‎6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______‎ 答案：‎ ‎1．an　experience在此表示“经历”，是可数名词；此处泛指“一次有趣的经历”，用不定冠词。‎ ‎2．what　该词引导宾语从句，并在从句中作thought的宾语，指事物，故填what。‎ ‎3．that　it是形式主语，要填的词引导从句作真正主语，而主语从句不缺少成分，表达陈述意义，所以用that。‎ ‎4． which/that　所填的词引导定语从句，修饰先行词problem，并在从句中作宾语，故填which或that。‎ ‎5．that　该词引导idea的同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，意义也完整，故填that。‎ ‎6．anger　前面有his作定语，与his new found faith一起作主语，故填名词anger。‎ ‎7．with　此处表示“带有，有”意义，所以应该填介词with。‎ ‎8．extraordinarily　修饰形容词good，意为“极其，极端地”，用副词。‎ ‎9．goes　if引导的从句讲的是事实，所以用一般现在时，主语是a person，故填goes。‎ ‎10．astonished　在动词make后作宾语补足语，表示宾语的状态和感受，故填形容词astonished“惊讶的”。 ‎ 四、短文改错 When it comes to the TV, there will be different word in different persons' minds. Some people think that watch TV is a good way to relax. Firstly, we can broaden our horizons or know more about the world by watching latest news and reports. Secondly, watching TV is a good way to kill their spare time. Finally, we can predict that may happen in the future and be prepared. ‎ ‎ Therefore, every coin has its two sides. There are also disadvantages of watching TV. Not only do it do harm to our eyesight, but it also has a bad affect on our studies and everyday life. Definitely, TV plays a big role in our life. We should treat to it in a right way. ‎ 答案：‎ ‎ When it comes to the TV, there will be different in different persons' minds. Some people think that TV is a good way to relax. Firstly, we can broaden our horizons know more about the world by watching latest news and reports. Secondly, watching TV is a good way to kill spare time. Finally, we can predict may happen in the future and be prepared. ‎ ‎ ， every coin has its two sides. There are also disadvantages of watching TV. Not only it do harm to our eyesight, but it also has a bad on our studies and everyday life. Definitely, TV plays a big role in our life. We should treat to it in a right way. ‎ 解析：‎ 第三处：or→and　根据句意“首先，我们能够通过看最近的新闻和报道开阔视野，并且能够更多地了解世界”可知，broaden和know是并列关系，且是肯定句，应用and连接。‎ 第四处：latest前加the　latest是最高级，故前面加the。‎ 第五处：their→our　本文叙述以第一人称为主，此处指代“我们的”，故将their改为our。‎ 第六处：that→what　predict后为宾语从句，从句中缺主语，且指物，故将that改为what。‎ 第七处：Therefore→However　根据语境可知，上下文是转折关系而非因果关系。‎ 第八处：do→does　当not only置于句首时，其后的句子要进行部分倒装，即将助动词提至主语之前，由于句子的主语是it，故助动词用does。‎