2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit5Nelson课后达标检测 人教版必修1 7页

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero ‎(建议用时：35分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·湖北四地七校联考)British chemist David Evans has become an overnight celebrity on Chinese social media. His chemistry experiments have attracted over 2 million followers in just a few months. Evans is a chemistry professor at Beijing University of Chemical Technology. The 60yearold always wears a white lab coat, a pair of safety goggles(护目镜), and smiles often. Some web users say he looks just like “the Grandpa of KFC”．‎ Evans has posted videos of various experiments. His most popular experiments have attracted millions of hits on videosharing apps. Excited children’s cheers and shouts can be heard in his videos.“I hope my experiments can arouse people’s interest in science，” he says.‎ Evans has been interested in China since childhood. In the early 1970s, before the reform and openingup, he viewed China as “a country full of mysteries”. He first visited the Chinese mainland in 1987 to attend a chemistry conference in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. He quit his job in the United Kingdom and moved to Beijing in 1996. Many of his friends thought he was crazy. But Evans said they just saw China’s challenges but not its potential.‎ Since 2011, Evans has turned to the Internet to popularize science. He learned shortvideo apps are also popular in small cities and rural areas. And he realized this enables him to reach more students, who lack opportunities to perform fun experiments. But even a oneminute video requires a considerable amount of work. Still, he thinks it’s worth it to fulfill his responsibility to popularize science.‎ His experiments always fill schools’ lecture halls with laughter. Some viewers call him “a Harry Potterlike magician”， but he disagrees.“A magician never tells the secrets behind his tricks, but a scientist always gives an explanation.” He sees himself as a teacher. He performs experiments to spread knowledge, inspire thinking, remove misunderstandings and show that science can create change. Evans says he looks forward to more “chemical reactions” with China.‎ 7‎ ‎【解题导语】　文章介绍了一位移居中国的英国化学家戴维·埃文斯在中国通过短视频普及科学知识的事迹。‎ ‎1．Who is David Evans according to the passage?‎ A．A manager of KFC.　　　 B．A film celebrity.‎ C．A chemistry teacher. D．A British magician.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Evans is a chemistry professor at Beijing University of Chemical Technology.”可知，埃文斯是北京化工大学的一名化学教授，故选C项。‎ ‎2．What can we learn from paragraph 3?‎ A．Evans considered the U．K. to be a country full of mysteries.‎ B．Evans first visited the Chinese mainland in the 1970s.‎ C．Evans was in no mood to move to Beijing.‎ D．Evans attended a chemistry conference in China in 1987.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“He first visited the Chinese mainland in 1987 to attend a chemistry conference in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province.”可知，埃文斯第一次访问中国大陆是在1987年，当时他去江苏省南京市参加了一个化学会议，故选D项。‎ ‎3．Why did Evans begin to post videos of experiments on the Internet?‎ A．To popularize science. ‎ B．To rise to fame.‎ C．To apply shortvideo apps. ‎ D．To make a fortune.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Still, he thinks it’s worth it to fulfill his responsibility to popularize science.”可知，尽管制作一个一分钟的视频都需要相当大的工作量，埃文斯仍然认为履行推广科学的责任是值得的，故选A项。‎ ‎4．What can we infer from the passage?‎ A．Evans knows exactly how a magic works.‎ B．Evans will continue to post videos of experiments in China.‎ C．Evans’ students like to interrupt his experiments with laughter.‎ D．Evans’ friends admired his decision to move to China.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Evans says he looks forward to more ‘chemical reactions’ with China.”可知，埃文斯期待与中国进行更多的“化学反应”，故可推断出埃文斯将继续在中国发布实验视频，故选B项。‎ B 7‎ ‎(2020·成都毕业班摸底)Please take a few seconds and think of your personal biggest goal. Imagine telling someone you meet today what you’re going to do. Imagine their congratulations and their high image of you. Doesn’t it feel good to say it out loud? Don’t you feel one step closer already? Well, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut, because that good feeling will make you less likely to do it.‎ Any time you have a goal, there is some work that needs to be done to achieve it. Ideally, you would not be satisfied until you’d actually done the work. But when you tell someone your goal and he acknowledges(承认) it, psychologists have found it’s called a “social__reality”. The mind is kind of tricked into a feeling that it’s already done. And then, because you’ve felt that satisfaction, you’re less motivated to do the actual and necessary hard work. This goes against the traditional wisdom that we should tell our friends our goals, right?‎ In 1982, Peter Gollwitzer, a professor of psychology, wrote a whole book about this. And in 2009, he did some new tests that were published. It goes like this：163 people across four separate tests—everyone wrote down their personal goal. Then half of them announced their commitment(承诺) to this goal to the room, and half didn’t. Then everyone was given 45 minutes of work that would directly lead them towards their goal, but they were told that they could stop at any time. Finally those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal. But those who had announced it quit after only 33 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said that they felt much closer to achieving their goal.‎ ‎【解题导语】　实现一个目标需要做一些工作，试验表明，在实现目标之前就告诉别人你的目标并得到别人的认可，则有可能使你感到满意，陷入目标已完成的错觉，从而动力减少，不能很好地去工作。而在实现目标之前没有说出目标则会使你工作更努力。‎ ‎5．What do the words “social reality” in paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．Completion of the goal.‎ B．Necessary hard work.‎ C．People’s acknowledgement.‎ D．A sense of satisfaction.‎ A　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词组后一句“The mind is kind of tricked into a feeling that it’s already done.”并结合画线词组所在句可推知，social reality在此处意为“目标的完成”。‎ 7‎ ‎6．What does Peter Gollwitzer try to tell us?‎ A．Writing down the goal is very helpful.‎ B．Achieving personal goal needs more time.‎ C．Keeping the goal secret makes people work harder.‎ D．Making the goal public makes people less satisfied.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句“Finally those who kept their mouths shut...to achieving their goal.”可知，Peter Gollwitzer想告诉我们：没有说出目标的人工作时间更长，工作更努力。‎ ‎7．How did Peter Gollwitzer prove his idea about people’s goal?‎ A．By giving figures.‎ B．By giving examples.‎ C．By making a survey.‎ D．By making comparison tests.‎ D　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，Peter Gollwitzer把所测试的对象分成两部分，一半说出自己的目标，一半没有说出目标，每个人都给了45分钟，他们可以随时停止。试验表明，没有说出目标的人平均工作了45分钟，而说出目标的人平均工作了33分钟。由此可知，Peter Gollwitzer是通过进行比较测试来证明他的观点的，故选D。‎ ‎8．What will probably happen if you tell your friends your goal?‎ A．You will be more confident.‎ B．You will not gain satisfaction.‎ C．You are less likely to realize it.‎ D．You’ll be much more motivated.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是最后一句中的“because that good feeling will make you less likely to do it”可推知，如果你把目标告诉你的朋友，你就不太可能会实现目标，故选C。‎ ‎【难句分析】　Finally those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal.‎ 分析：本句主句主语是those，谓语是worked, said。who kept their mouths shut是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those; when asked afterwards是时间状语从句的省略形式；they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal是省略了that的宾语从句，作said的宾语。‎ 译文：最终，那些保持沉默的人平均工作了整整45分钟，当后来被问到时，他们说他们觉得要实现目标还有很长的路要走。‎ 7‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2020·陕西部分学校摸底)As we all know, health is more important than wealth. Almost all the people value health most.1.________ There are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape: eat right food, get enough sleep, and exercise on a regular basis.‎ ‎2．________Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind of “fuel”. Don’t eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat. Instead, take in plenty of foods high in protein(蛋白质), like meat, fish, eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins and minerals.‎ Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don’t get enough sleep, you feel tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little amount of sleep may even result in a change of character. Be sure to allow yourself seven to nine hours of sleep each night.3.________‎ Finally, get plenty of exercise. 4.________ It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably live longer. 5.________ Basketball, swimming, bicycling, running are good examples. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting.‎ If you follow the tips above, you will probably live to be much older and wiser.‎ A．Proper nutrition is important for good health.‎ B．The body needs proper care in order to be healthy.‎ C．Eating a balanced diet helps to make your mind active.‎ D．It is beneficial to your health to take exercise every day.‎ E．Then your body will feel strong and your mind will be sharp.‎ F．Most sports are very good for keeping the body in good shape.‎ G．It makes the body strong and prevents you from putting on weight.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文开头指出“健康比财富更重要”，接着分别从饮食、睡眠、锻炼这三个方面给我们做出了保持健康的指导。‎ ‎1．B　解析：本空承上启下，引出文章的主题，故B项符合语境。‎ ‎2．A　解析：根据文章结构和空处所在位置可知，此空为段落主题句。根据本段内容，尤其是“foods high in protein(蛋白质)”和“vitamins and minerals”可知，本段主要讲适当的营养对保持健康的重要性。故答案选A。‎ ‎3．E　解析：空前一句是说确保七到九个小时的睡眠，故E项“然后你的身体将会强壮，你的思维将会敏锐”承接上文，符合语境。‎ ‎4．G　解析：根据空后的“It also improves your heart and lungs.”可知，‎ 7‎ 空处应该也是叙述锻炼身体的具体好处，故G项符合语境。‎ ‎5．F　解析：根据该段主题句中的“get plenty of exercise”和空后一句列举的多种运动方式，以及下文中的“Sports”可知，F项符合语境。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 I can well remember that I was once asked to deliver a speech titled “A Real Test in My Life” before the whole class at the age of 9! You can imagine how 1.____________(terrible) shy I was with so many eyes fixed on me. I had no choice but 2.____________(prepare) for it, though. First of all, I was to draft the speech, 3.____________ was just a piece of cake for me, a good writer. But the hardest part 4.____________(lie) in my oral presentation from my memory—for it 5.____________(forbid) to read from the paper. The real moment began when I stood on the platform with my legs 6.____________(tremble) and my mind blank. But my listeners were waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me. Gradually I found 7.__________ back, delivering my speech without difficulty. After 8.__________ seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding—I made it! From then on, my fear of talking before the audience disappeared. Actually with my 9.____________(confident) built up, I now turn out to be a great speaker. Looking back, I know the 10.____________(great) difficulty on my way to success is my fear. Overcome it and I will be able to achieve my goals.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了作者通过一次演讲克服了自己的恐惧心理，增强了自信。‎ ‎1．terribly　解析：考查副词。修饰形容词一般用副词，故用副词terribly修饰形容词shy，在句中作状语。‎ ‎2．to prepare　解析：考查非谓语动词。have no choice but to do sth.为固定用法，意为“除了做某事，别无选择”，符合语境，故此处用不定式形式。‎ ‎3．which　解析：考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，指代“to draft the speech”，故填which。‎ ‎4．lay　解析：考查动词的时态。根据上文中的“was”可知，文中描述的事情发生在过去，故此处用动词的过去式，故填lay。‎ ‎5．was forbidden　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。forbid和句子的形式主语it之间是被动关系，且事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎6．trembling　解析：考查with复合结构。“with＋宾语(名词或代词)＋宾补”为独立主格结构。此处my legs和tremble构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。‎ ‎7．myself　解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“我发现我自己恢复原状”，应为“found myself back”，故填反身代词myself。‎ 7‎ ‎8．what　解析：考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“……的东西”，故用what引导该宾语从句。‎ ‎9．confidence　解析：考查词性转换。由空前的形容词性物主代词my可知，此处用名词形式，故填confidence。‎ ‎10．greatest　解析：考查形容词最高级。根据语境和空前的定冠词the以及空后的名词difficulty可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式，故填greatest。‎ 7‎