专题06 阅读理解Ⅳ：词义猜测题（测）-2017年高考英语二轮复习讲练测 8页

www.ks5u.com ‎2017届高三二轮复习英语精品资料【测案】‎ 专题6 阅读理解Ⅳ：词义猜测题 班级 姓名 学号 分数 ‎ ‎（测试时间：45分钟）‎ ‎1.B【甘肃省兰州市第一中学2017届高三上学期期中考试】‎ An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old highly educated son.‎ Suddenly a crow perched on the tree near their window.‎ The father asked his son, “What is this?”‎ The son replied, “It is a crow.”‎ After a few minutes, the father asked his son the second time, “What is this?”‎ The son said, “Father, I have just now told you. It is a crow! ”‎ After a little while, the old father again asked his son the third time, “What is this?”‎ ‎“It’ s a crow, a crow, a crow!” said the son loudly.‎ A little after, the father again asked his son the fourth time, “What is this?”‎ This time the son shouted at his father, “Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again? ‘ IT IS A CROW’. Are you not able to understand this?”‎ A little later the father went to his room and came back with an old diary, which he had kept since his son was born. On opening a page, he asked his son to read that page. When the son read it, the following words were written in the diary:‎ ‎“Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa, when a crow was sitting on the window. My son asked me 23 times what it was, and I replied to him all 23 times that it was crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question again and again for 23 times. I did not at all feel annoyed; I rather felt affection for my innocent child.”‎ ‎5. What does the underlined word “perched” mean in the passage?‎ A. knocked. B. hit.‎ C. landed. D. flew.‎ ‎5.C词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句中on the tree near their window.在他们窗户的树上。可推知：突然一只乌鸦落在他们窗户的树上。故选C。‎ ‎2.C【湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2017届高三上学期期中考试】‎ BEIJING - The launch of a new manned space mission brings China closer to the establishment of a permanent space station, international experts say.‎ Chinese taikonauts, Jing Haipeng, 50, and Chen Dong, 37, were blasted off into space onboard Shenzhou-11 at 7:30 am Monday and will spend 30 days in the Chinese space laboratory Tiangong-2.The launch marks a key step toward China's plan to eventually operate a permanent space station, The successful launch of the Shenzhou-11 spacecraft is another step forward to put China among leading players in space technology, said Alexander Zheleznyakov, a Russian expert on history of space flights. China's experimental space lab will help provide solutions for spacecraft of different functions to approach and anchor, and for a long-term operation of life support system, said Zheleznyakov. Shenzhou-11 is scheduled to anchor on Wednesday with Tiangong-2, which is part of China's plan to build a permanent space station by 2022.‎ China can now test technologies for cargo spacecraft anchoring, life support system operation and water recycling to ensure a long-term continuous operation of its space station in the future with less dependence on renewal from the Earth, he said. If all goes well, China will launch the unpiloted Tianzhou-1 cargo ship next spring to autonomously tie up with Tiangong-2. Tianzhou-1 will be capable of automatically transferring rocket fuels, a vital requirement for space station grouping and maintenance, according to a report by Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS).‎ ‎"That will further their anchoring abilities needed for the larger space station," Johnson Freese was quoted."Tiangong-2 is supposed to be able to stay in orbit for two years or longer, so that's taking them (Chinese) really close to 2019 or so. I think this will be their last big technology test phase before going to their ‎ large space station," said Freese.‎ ‎31. Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “blasted off” in last paragraph?‎ ‎ A. sent up B. gave away C. swept off D. carried away ‎31.A ‎【名师点睛】 猜测词义题。阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。31.A词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句后半句will spend 30 days in the Chinese space laboratory Tiangong-2将花30天在中国的空间实验室Tiangong-2里面。可知前半句应该是“被送入太空船上”，故选A。‎ ‎3.B【山东省枣庄市第三中学2017届高三9月质量检测】 ‎ ‎ It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet. Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight.‎ A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says, “Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain.” The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions, particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight.‎ Boston University’s Dr. Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物学机制)  relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood. His team pointed out  the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病), which relate to increasing obesity. Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers.‎ The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat, and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods. They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks, taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight.‎ ‎ For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one’s risk of becoming obese. What’s more, a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol, a compound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells.‎ ‎25.The underlined phrase“ in moderation” in the first paragraph means_________． ‎ A. excitedly    B. carefully    C.  frequently D. properly ‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 关于词义猜测题 做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。‎ ‎　下面结合文本及近几年高考试题，对词义猜测的技巧加以解读。‎ ‎　1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测 有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is, it will break easily.从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。如文章第28小题此处指拥抱这种温暖的感觉能避开压力保护免疫系统。划线词语ward off是“避开，阻挡”之意，与C项同义故选C.‎ ‎2.根据同位关系进行猜测 阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：The “Chunnel”, a tunnel(隧道) connecting England and France, is now complete.此句中a tunnel connecting England and France是Chunnel的同位语。因此，The “Chunnel”就是英法之间的海底隧道。‎ ‎3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测 在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,” Anaclerio said, “and they’re very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.”文中interactive是由前缀inter-(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)而构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。‎ ‎4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测 根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.从前后两句的意思可以看出，hassle和a basket of fun肯定是近乎相反的意义。所以不难判断hassle的意思是“困难，麻烦”。‎ ‎4.【黑龙江省大庆实验中学2017届高三上学期期中考试】‎ ‎ One form of social prejudice against older people is the belief that they cannot understand or use modern technology. Activities like playing computer games, going on the Net and downloading MP3s are only for the youngsters. Isn’t it unfair that older people enjoying a computer game should be frowned(皱眉) upon by their children and grandchildren?‎ Nowadays older people have more control over their lives and they play a full part in society .Moreover, better health care has left more people in their sixties and seventies feeling fit and active after retirement. Mental activity, as well as ‎ physical exercise, can contribute to better health. Playing computer games is a very effective way of exercising the brain. ‎ When personal computers were first introduced, most older people didn’t believe they would ever familiarize themselves with it. Now computers have been around for a few generations and retired people have gradually become more relaxed about using them for fun. Gamers over 65 prefer playing puzzle games and card games. Kate Stevens, aged 72, says: “I find it very relaxing. It’s not very demanding, but you still need to concentrate. ”‎ Another development that has favored “grey games” is a change in the type of videogames available on the market. There’s a greater variety of games to choose from, including more intellectual and complex strategy(策略) and simulation(模拟) games. Internet Chess and Train Simulator are among the most popular of these. Train Simulator is based on real-world rail activities. Players can choose from a variety of challenges, such as keeping to a strict-timetable and using helper engines during a winter storm. ‎ Some people argue that “grey gamers” simply don’t have the skills required for computer games, and that teenagers are better. This couldn’t be further from the truth. Most computer games require the kind of analytical thinking that improves with practice, which means that the “grey gamers” may well be far better than gamers half a century younger than them. In games where speed is the main consideration, older people would be at a disadvantage because they may have slower reaction times. On the other hand, “grey gamers” have a preference for slower paced, mind challenging games. ‎ ‎4.By saying “This couldn’t be further from the truth.” in Paragraph 5, the author means .‎ A. mind challenging games are not suitable for older people B. children should improve their skills with practice ‎ C. playing computer games requires analytical thinking ‎ D. older people can perform well in some computer games ‎【文章大意】玩电脑游戏是锻炼大脑的一种非常有效的方法。通过本文可知年纪大的人在一些电脑游戏中表现得会很好。‎ ‎5.【黑龙江省双鸭山市第一中学2017届高三9月月考】‎ One day a mime(哑剧演员) is visiting the zoo and tries to earn some money as a street performer. As soon as he starts to draw a crowd, a zookeeper pulls him into his office. The zookeeper explains that the zoo’s most popular attraction, a gorilla(大猩猩), has died suddenly and the keeper fears that attendance(出席人数) at the zoo will fall off. He offers the mime a job to dress up as the gorilla. The mime accepts.‎ The next morning the mime puts on the gorilla suit and enters the cage before the crowd comes. He soon discovers he can sleep, play and make fun of people and he draws bigger crowds than he ever did as a mime — the job he likes but loses.‎ However, with days going by, he begins to notice that the people are paying more attention to the lion in the cage next to his. Not wanting to lose the attention of his audience, he climbs to the top of his cage, crawls across a partition(隔墙), and dangles(悬挂) from the top to the lion’s cage. The lion gets angry at this. The scene is a fuel to the crowd.‎ At the end of the day he is given a raise for being such a good attraction — well, this continues for some time. The crowds grow larger, and the mime’s pay keeps going up.‎ Then one day when he is dangling over the lion he slides and falls. The mime is terrified. He starts screaming “Help me!”, but the lion is quick. The mime soon finds himself flat on his back looking up at the angry lion and the lion says, “Shut up you fool! Do you want to get us both fired?”‎ ‎24.The underlined words “a fuel” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by __________.‎ A. frightening B. disappointing C. familiar D. exciting ‎【解析】‎ 考点：考查社会生活类短文阅读。‎ ‎ ‎