专题05+虚拟语气大揭秘-2019年高考英语十大高频考点详解 12页

‎ ‎ 课前提示：‎ If引导的真实条件句 ‎1.主将(现)从现：‎ If it rains tomorrow,I will stay at home.‎ When he grows up,he will understand. When:正常情况下会在将来发生 If I run into problems,I will/always turn to my dad. If:不知道是否发生 ‎2.主情从现 If it doesn’t rain,I can go camping with you.‎ ‎3.主祈从现 If you are happy,clap you hands.‎ ‎ ‎ 一、 虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气 含义：明明是假话，你还得说，就要用“虚拟语气”的形式来说。‎ ‎1. 表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+did(be动词用were) ‎ 主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do ‎ ‎ If I were you,I would take an umbrella.‎ 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）‎ If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.‎ 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)‎ If I had a billion dollar,I would buy you furniture for you house.‎ ‎2. 表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done ‎ ‎ If I have been you,I would have accepted her offer.如果我是过去的你，我会接受她的提议。‎ If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）‎ If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.‎ 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. 表示与将来事实相反的情况 从句：①if+主语+were to do ‎②if+主语+should+do ‎③if+主语+过去式（be动词用were）‎ 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+do ‎ ‎ If Kobe should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.‎ 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：不可能来）‎ If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would go skating.‎ 如果下周日下大雪，我们就去滑冰。（事实：不可能下雪）‎ ‎ ‎ If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.‎ 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：不可能来）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4.【注意事项】‎ ‎① 错综时间句：‎ 即虚拟条件状语从句与虚拟主句中谓语动作的时间不一致。‎ If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.‎ 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了。‎ If they had informed us,we would not come here now.‎ 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。‎ If he knew her,he would have greeted her that day.‎ 如果他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。‎ ‎ ‎ 虚拟从句 + 虚拟主句 过去 had done would/c/s/m have done 现在 were/did would/c/s/m do 将来 should do/were to do would/c/s/m do ‎ ‎ ‎② 虚拟条件句中的省略：‎ 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had 时，if 可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。‎ Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.‎ 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去了。‎ Were she here,she would agree with us.‎ 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。‎ Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here.‎ 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎③ 用其它形式表达虚拟条件：‎ 虚拟条件状语从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或用其它方式表示出来。如without…，but for…（要不是...）等。‎ ‎ ‎ But for his help,we would be working now.‎ 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。‎ Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress.‎ 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。‎ We didn't know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him.‎ 我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎④ 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was。‎ If I were you,I would go to look for him.‎ 如果我是你，就会去找他。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎⑤ 在虚拟条件句中，should/would/might/could四个词只能用should；在虚拟主句中，主语只有是第一人称时，才能用should。‎ If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her.‎ 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。‎ If he had got there earlier, he would have met her.‎ 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。‎ ‎ ‎ 二. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 ‎1. 表达和建议、要求、命令、主张等含义相关的名词性从句，一律用主语+should+动词原形（should可以省略）结构。具体涉及到这些动词以及它们的名词形式：‎ 一坚持（主张）：insist 二命令：order，command 三要求：require，request，demand 四建议：suggest，advise，propose，recommend It was suggested that he（should）join in the club activities.（主语从句）‎ I suggested that he（should）join in the club activities.（宾语从句）‎ My suggestion was that he（should）join in the club activities.（表语从句）‎ I had an suggestion that he（should）join in the club activities.（同位语从句）‎ 这四句话表达同一个意思：我建议他加入这个俱乐部的活动。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. 表示重要性、必要性、吃惊等时，一律用it is+形容词+that+主语+should+动词原形（should可以省略）结构。‎ It's important that you (should) study English hard.‎ 努力学习英语是很重要的。‎ It's necessary that you (should) praise your students as much as possible.‎ 尽可能多的表扬你的学生是有必要的。‎ It is strange that she (should) not have been invited.‎ 很奇怪她竟然没有被邀请。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. ① wish 后面所跟的宾语从句，其谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为“要是/但愿…就好了”），其形式主要有三种：‎ 表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish+一般过去时的宾语从句 表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish+ 过去完成时的宾语从句 表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish+ would/could+动词原形 I wish it were spring all year round.‎ 我希望一年四季都是春天。 ‎ I wish it would be fine tomorrow.‎ 我希望明天天气好。‎ She wished she had stayed at home then.‎ 她希望她当时待在家里。‎ if only 后接从句也用虚拟语气，其形式与wish的用法一致。‎ ‎② would rather 后面所跟的宾语从句，其谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为“宁愿......”），‎ I’d rather he didn’t go now.要是他现在不走就好了 ‎ ‎ 三. 其它从句中的虚拟语气 ‎1. 虚拟语气用在状语从句中 ① 由as if 或 as though 所引导的方式状浯从句，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。其形式如下：‎ 主句+as if/ though +主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与现在事实相反）‎ He talks as if he knew all about it.‎ 他说起来好像知道这件事的全部一样。‎ 主句+as if/ though +主语+would/could+动词原形（从句的动作与将来事实相反）‎ He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.‎ 他学英语如此努力，好像他要出国一样。‎ 主句+as if/ though +主语+过去完成时（从句的动作与过去事实相反）‎ She speaks English well as if she had studied in America.‎ 她说英语很好，好像过去在美国待过一样。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎② 由 even if 或 even though 所引导的让步状语从句，若从句与事实相反，则从句和主句都要用虚拟语气。其形式如下：‎ 主句+even if/ though +主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与现在事实相反）‎ Even if you weren't her son, she would treat you like this.‎ 即使你不是她的儿子，她也会这样对待你的。‎ 主句+even if/ though +主语+would/could+动词原形（从句的动作与将来事实相反）‎ 主句+even if/ though +主语+过去完成时（从句的动作与过去事实相反）‎ I would have married her even if she had been penniless.‎ 即使她身无分文，我也会和她结婚。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. 虚拟语气用在定语从句中 在it is (high) time that…句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用should+动词原形（注意：此时should不可省略），表示该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。‎ It is time that we went home.=It is time that we should go home. 我们该回家了。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 四、 虚拟语气专项精练 ‎1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we ____ all right.‎ A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be ‎ ‎2. ____ more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 【答案】B ‎【解析】条件句表示与过去事实的虚拟。‎ ‎3. If he _____ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able 【答案】A ‎【解析】条件句表示与未来事实的虚拟。‎ ‎4. If you asked your father you _____ permission. A. may get B. might get ‎ C. should have called D. maybe get 【答案】B ‎【解析】条件句表示与未来事实的相反。‎ ‎5. ____ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving ‎ C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 【答案】C ‎【解析】条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。‎ ‎6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were 【答案】D ‎【解析】条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。‎ ‎7. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ______all practical value by the time they were finished. A. could lose B. would have lost ‎ C. might lose D. ought to have lost 【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he______our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been ‎ C. were D. would be 【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎9. If you ______Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange. A. shouldn’t contact B. didn’t contact ‎ C. weren’t to contact D. hadn’t contacted 【答案】D ‎【解析】until recently，因此（D）是正确答案，而主句是隐含的对现在情况的假设，该句是一个混合虚拟条件句。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎10. ______he English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 【答案】B ‎【解析】假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如but for、but that、without, 由连词but、副词otherwise 、比较级、形容词、独立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示对过去情况的假设，但事实上由于英语考试而没有去成，即若不是因为英语考试，我本可以去听音乐会，所以应选But for为正确答案。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎11. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I______your advice A. follow B. would follow ‎ C. had followed D. have followed 【答案】C ‎【解析】题目中的第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况，而第二句话中所要表达的是应该做但事实上没有做的事，这种情况导致第一句话中真实情况的发生，故If only条件句假设的是过去一种情况，因此应该用had +过去分词，所以正确答案是（C）。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎12.If the Watergate Incident______,Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency. A. did not occur B. had not occurred ‎ C. was not occurring D. be circling 【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎13. If the horse won today, it______thirty races in five years. A. would have won B. won ‎ C. must have won D. did have won 【答案】A ‎【解析】从句对过去的虚拟。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎14. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise. A. being there B. should there be ‎ C. there was D. there having been 【答案】B ‎【解析】从句表示虚拟，而主句是事实。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎15. I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped_____. A. him calling me B. that he would call me ‎ C. him to call me D. that he call me 【答案】B ‎【解析】had hoped是常见的要求其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的句型,虚拟语气would+动词原形。‎ ‎16. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it ______in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference. A. is to be analyzed B. has been analyzed ‎ ‎ C. be analyzed D. should have been analyzed 【答案】C ‎【解析】在表示要求、愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的名词同位语从句中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气形式，即should(可以省略)+动词原形。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎17. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I ______ fully occupied the whole of last week. A. were B. had been C. have been D. was 【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎18. I apologize if I ______you, but I assure you it was unintentional. A. offend B. had offended ‎ C. should have offended D. might have offended ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】此题要求在if从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主句中的动词apologize(抱歉)来看，if从句中表达的内容应该是过去做的事，因此可以排除（A），因为（A）是现在时。（C）中should+have+过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，在此不合题意。（D）选项中的might+have+过去分词表示对过去发生的事情很不肯定的猜测，它表达的内容还不能成为事实，所以藉此道歉真是不知从何说起，因此此处也不合题意。（B）had offended表示当时已经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句：apologize 是现在，而条件句是表示对过去假设的条件句。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎19. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d______there by now. A. be B. been C. is D. have been ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】该句也是一个复杂条件句（或称作混合虚拟条件句）。条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句表示对现在情况的假设，但事实上却与此相反，所以正确答案应该是（A）。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth. A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎