【英语】北京市首都师范大学附属中学2020-2021学年高二上学期第一次月考试题（解析版） 17页

北京市首都师范大学附属中学2020-2021学年高二上学期 第一次月考英语试题 一、（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）‎ A 语法填空 The Internet is an amazing information resource. Students, teachers, and researchers use it as ___1___ investigative tool. Journalists use it to find information for stories. Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and ___2___ (late) medical development. Ordinary people use it for shopping, banking, bill-paying, and communicating with family and friends. People all over the world use it to connect with individuals ___3___other countries and cultures.‎ ‎【答案】1. an 2. latest 3. from ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了互联网是一个惊人信息资源。学生、教师和研究人员都将其作为一种调查工具。记者们用它来为报道寻找信息。医生利用它来了解更多不熟悉的疾病和最新的医学发展。普通人用它购物、办理银行业务、付账以及与家人和朋友交流。全世界的人都用它来联系来自其他国家和文化的人。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查冠词。句意：学生、教师和研究人员都将其作为一种调查工具。tool是可数名词，此处泛指“一种工具”，应用不定冠词，且investigative的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：医生利用它来了解更多不熟悉的疾病和最新的医学发展。修饰名词development应用形容词，结合句意表示“最新的”，故填 latest。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：全世界的人都用它来联系来自其他国家和文化的人。结合句意表示“来自……”应用介词from。故填from。‎ B 语法填空 Many animals recognize their food because they see it. ___4___ do humans. When you see ‎ an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some ___5___(type) of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses ___6___(find) and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, ___7___ most animals use more than one sense.‎ ‎【答案】4. So 5. types 6. to find 7. while ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述动物和人识别食物的方法。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查固定结构。句意：人类也一样。本题考查“so+do/be/情态动词+主语”结构，表示前面说的情况也适用于后面的人或物，意为“……也一样”，注意首字母大写，故填So。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查名词复数。句意：你可能不喜欢某些种类的食物，因为它们看起来、闻起来或吃起来都不好吃。type是可数名词。根据空前的some可知，此处需用复数形式，故填types。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：不同的动物使用不同的感官来寻找和选择食物。use sth. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“使用某物做某事”，故填to find。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：少数动物只依赖一种感官，而大多数动物使用不止一种感官。结合句意可知，前后分句表示对比，应用while连接，作并列连词，意为“然而”，故填while。‎ C 语法填空 China’s icebreaker Xue Long ___8___(set) sail from Shanghai to the Antarctic. Zhu Bing, ___9___ is the captain of the scientific research ship, said that the icebreaker would first travel to the to-be-built station before making a short stop at Zhongshan station. One of its main tasks is ___10___(build) another research station in the Antarctic. Once completed, the new station would be the country’s third year round station in the Antarctic and the first to be lying on the border of the Pacific Ocean. The other two stations,the Great Wall Station and the Zhongshan Station, were built in the 1980s.‎ ‎【答案】8. will set 9. who 10. to build ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了中国“雪龙”号破冰船将从上海启航前往南极。科考船的船长朱兵说，破冰船将首先前往即将建成的科考站，然后在中山站作短暂停留。并介绍了“雪龙”号破冰船此次前往南极的主要任务。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。句意：中国“雪龙”号破冰船将从上海启航前往南极。此处表示将来发生的动作应用一般将来时。故填will set。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：科考船的船长朱兵说，破冰船将首先前往即将建成的科考站，然后在中山站作短暂停留。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Zhu Bing，且先行词在从句中作主语，指人，故应用关系代词who。故填who。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：它的主要任务之一是在南极建立另一个研究站。分析句子结构可知build在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处说明主语的具体内容应用不定式作表语。故填to build。‎ 二、完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分）‎ I met Mrs. Neidl in the ninth grade on a stage-design team for a play and she was one of the directors. Almost instantly I loved her. She had an unpleasant voice and a direct way of speaking, ____11____ she was encouraging and inspiring. For some reason, she was impressed with my work and Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my ____12____. She wanted to know how I thought we should ____13____ things. At first I had no idea how to answer because I knew ____14____ about stage design! But I slowly began to respond to her ____15____. It was cause and effect; She believed I had opinions, so I began to ____16____ them. She trusted me to complete things, so I completed them perfectly. She loved how ____17____ I was, so I began to show up to paint more and more. She believed in me, so I began to believe in myself.‎ Mrs. Neidl’s ____18____ that year was, “Try it. We can always paint over it ____19____!” I began to take _____20_____. I had been so afraid of failing but suddenly there was no failing—only things to be _____21_____ upon. I leaned to dip my brush into the paint and _____22_____ create something.‎ The shy, quiet freshman achieved success that year. I was _____23_____ in the program as “Student Art Assistant” because of the time and effort I’d put in. It was that year that I ‎ ‎_____24_____ I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing stage design.‎ Being on that stage-design team _____25_____ Mrs.Neidl changed me completely. Not only was I stronger and more competent than I had thought, but I also _____26_____ a strong interest and a word I hadn’t known existed. She taught me not to _____27_____ what people think I should do. She taught me to take chances and not be _____28_____. Mrs. Neidl was my comforter when I was upset. Her _____29_____ in me has inspired me to do things that I never imagined _____30_____.‎ ‎11. A. yet B. and C. so D. for ‎12. A. impression B. opinion C. information D. intention ‎13. A. make B. handle C. keep D. change ‎14. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing ‎15. A. questions B. comments C. explanations D. remarks ‎16. A. hold B. follow C. evaluate D. form ‎17. A. happy B. lively C. reliable D. punctual ‎18. A. message B. saying C. motto D. suggestion ‎19. A. again B. more C. instead D. later ‎20. A. steps B. control C. charge D. risks ‎21. A. acted B. improved C. looked D. reflected ‎22. A. easily B. carefully C. confidently D. proudly ‎23. A. recognized B. introduced C. identified D. considered ‎24. A. realized B. decided C. confirmed D. acknowledged ‎25. A. below B. with C. of D. by ‎26. A. discovered B. developed C. took D. fostered ‎27. A. accept B. care C. judge D. wonder ‎28. A. bored B. lazy C. sad D. afraid ‎29. A. curiosity B. patience C. trust D. interest ‎30. A. accessible B. enjoyable C. possible D. favorable ‎【答案】11. A 12. B 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. D 17. C 18. C 19. D 20. D 21. B 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是记叙文。作者讲述了上学期间与Mrs. Neidl都在舞台设计团队，Mrs. Neidl对自己的深远影响。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查连词辨析。句意：她的声音很难听，说话也很直接，然而她是鼓舞人心的。A. yet然而；B. and和；C. so因为；D. for为了。根据空前的unpleasant和空后的encouraging and inspiring判断，这里应填表示前后文转折含义的连词，故选A。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：Neidl会问我的意见。A. impression印象；B. opinion意见，主意；C. information信息；D. intention意图，目的。根据下句She wanted to know how I thought可知，她想知道我的所想，所以问我的意见。故选B。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：她想知道我认为我们应该如何处理事情。A. make制造，制作，使；B. handle处理；C. keep保持；D. change改变。根据空后的things可知，是处理事情，故选B。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查代词辨析。句意：一开始我不知道怎么回答，因为我对舞台设计一无所知!根据前文的had no idea判断用nothing，know nothing about sth.对……一无所知。故选D。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：但我慢慢地开始回答她的问题。A. questions问题；B. comments评价；C. explanations解释；D. remarks评述。根据前文是Mrs Neidl提出的问题，此处是对问题的反应。故选A。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：她相信我有自己的观点，于是我开始形成自己的观点。A. hold保持；B. follow跟随；C. evaluate评估；D. form组成，组织，形成。form opinions形成观点，空后的them代指前文的opinions，故选D。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：她喜欢我的可靠，所以我开始越来越多地去画画。她相信我，所以我开始相信自己。A. happy幸福的；B. lively生动的；C. reliable可信赖的；D. punctual及时的。根据下文的believe in me判断，此处是我是“值得信赖的”。故选C。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：那年Mrs Neidl的名言就是“试试它。我们以后可以把它画好!”。A. message便条；B. saying谚语；C. motto名言；D. suggestion建议。根据语境，这里指Mrs Neidl那一阶段的名言，故选C。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查副词辨析。句意：“试试它。我们以后可以把它画好!”A. again再，又；B. more更；C. instead相反；D. later后来。画好是在尝试之后，故选D。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：我开始冒险。A. steps步骤，措施；B. control控制；C. charge费用；D. risks危险。根据前后文语境可知，作者是开始冒险，take risks冒险，故选D。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：我不再如此害怕失败了，但是突然之间，事情没有失败，只有事情需要改进。。A. acted行动；B. improved改进，提高；C. looked看；D. reflected反映。根据下文内容可知，不再是失败，而是事情有待提高。故选B。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查副词辨析。句意：我倾身用画笔蘸了蘸颜料，然后开始自信地创作。A. easily容易地；B. carefully仔细地；C. confidently自信地；D. proudly骄傲地。根据上文的“没有失败”，此处应是自信地，故选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：因为我投入了大量的时间和精力，我被认可成为了这个项目的“学生艺术助理”。A. recognized承认，认出；B. introduced介绍；C. identified辨认；D. considered考虑，认为。根据前文作者是新手，现在应是“被承认”。故选A。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：在那年我认识到我想用我的余生来做舞台设计。A. realized意识到；B. decided决定；C. confirmed确信；D. acknowledged承认，公认。这里是指意识到自己未来想做的工作，故选A。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查介词辨析。句意：和Mrs Neidl一起待在舞台设计队彻底改变了我。with表示和某人待在一起。故选B。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：我不仅比我想象的更强大，更有能力，而且我发现了一种强烈的兴趣和一个我不知道的词的存在。A. discovered发现；B. developed发展；C. took带走；D. fostered培养，抚育。这里指发现了自己的兴趣所在。故选A。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：她教给我不要在意人们认为我该干什么。A. accept接受；B. care在意，关心；C. judge判断；D. wonder想知道。故选B。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：她教给我要抓住机会，别害怕。A. bored厌烦的；B. lazy懒惰的；C. sad悲伤的；D. afraid害怕的。根据上文I had been so afraid of failing可知，此处是原词复现，故选D。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：她对我的信任鼓舞着我去做我以前认为是不可能的事情。A. curiosity好奇；B. patience耐心；C. trust信任；D. interest兴趣。根据第一段中She trusted me to complete things可知，是Mrs Neidl对作者的信任鼓舞作者去做以前认为不可能的事情，故选C。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：她对我的信任鼓舞着我去做我以前认为是不可能的事情。A. accessible接近的；B. enjoyable喜欢的；C. possible可能的；D. favorable喜爱的。指作者从未认为可能的事情，故选C。‎ 三、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）‎ A The Basics of Math—Made Clear Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代数) and beyond.‎ The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.‎ Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more ‎ troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing—and completely understandable—field of study.‎ By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges.‎ Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as “the best math teacher in America,” is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary.‎ With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers.‎ If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.‎ ‎31. What does the course Basic Math mainly cover?‎ A. Algebra. B. College Mathematics.‎ C. Arithmetic. D. Mathematics Education.‎ ‎32. What benefits can students expect from Basic Math?‎ A. Stronger imaginative ability.‎ B. Additional presentation skills.‎ C. More mathematical confidence.‎ D. Greater chances of becoming teachers.‎ ‎33. What can we learn about Professor H. Siegel?‎ A. He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television.‎ B. He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math.‎ C. He works in Georgia State University.‎ D. He specializes in training teachers.‎ ‎34. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?‎ A. A news report. B. A book review C. A lesson plan. D. An advertisement ‎【答案】31. C 32. C 33. B 34. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一门基础数学的课程，对课程的内容，上课的母的，师资进行了阐述。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic.”可知，基础数学涵盖算数的所有基础方面。故选C。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“They will be able to clear away the mystery of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined.”可知，他们将能够揭开数学的神秘面纱，并以超出想象的自信面对学习。故选C。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第五段 “he is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious.”可知，H. Siegel是一位敬业的教师，在解释数学概念时有一种天赋，能让它们看起来清晰明了。从而推断出此人上30节课。故选B。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中，“If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.”可知，如果未能给您提供满意的课程，可以换课或退回学费。从而可以判断，本文有可能从广告中摘录的。故选D。‎ B 阅读理解。‎ Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had slaved over, hoping to hide myself. “What could be causing everyone to act this way?”‎ Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real talk I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington. Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before. As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across America. I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant. I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice; flip (掷) a coin. Heads—the commander, and tails—the peanuts guy. Ah! Tails, my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver.‎ Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, “My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?‎ Obviously, my grade was awful. Heartbroken but fearless, I decided to turn this around. I talked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: No re-dos; no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmaster’s office with my grandfather, now having an entirely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet!‎ ‎35. What did the author’s classmates think about his report?‎ A. Controversial. B. Ridiculous.‎ C. Boring. D. Puzzling.‎ ‎36. Why was the author confused about the task?‎ A. He was unfamiliar with American history.‎ B. He followed the advice and flipped a coin.‎ C. He forgot his teacher’s instruction.‎ D. He was new at the school.‎ ‎37. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _______.‎ A. annoyed B. ashamed C. ready D. eager ‎38. In the end, the author turned things around _______.‎ A. by redoing his task B. through his own efforts C. with the help of his grandfather D. under the guidance of his headmaster ‎【答案】35. B 36. A 37. D 38. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了主人公“我”在完成老师交待的任务时，对美国历史不是很熟悉，介绍的华盛顿这个人物不是历史上领导美国革命的华盛顿，而是另外一个人。在课堂上，读自己写的有关人物的报告时，引起了同学的嘲笑，分数也很低，接下来的时间，主人公“我”努力学习，并最终取得了好的成绩。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher.句意为：我自豪地读着我写文章，我环视着教室的周围，同学们的脸上都强忍着大大的微笑，在他们的眼里都憋出了泪花，更加疑惑的是，我还看见了老师那“石头般’的绷着的脸。由同学们的笑和老师的表情判断作者的同学认为“我”的文章是荒唐可笑的。故答案为B ‎36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二自然段I had never heard of that name before. As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across America. I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant.可知，以前，我从未听说过这个名字，但查找之后发现有两个人的名字一样，而又是完全不同的两个人，一个是发现了花生的数百种用法的人，一个是领导了美国的革命，我也不知道，老师指的是哪一个。由此可知，“我”对美国的历史是不了解的。故答案为A ‎【37题详解】‎ 词句猜测题。由本句I was totally lost.I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong.可知，我完全的蒙了，我放下我的文章坐在桌子旁边，burning的找到我犯的错误。由此可知，作者完全蒙了，急切想知道自己犯了什么错误。划线的词的意思是“ 急切的”。故选D项。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 细节理解题。I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year.我感觉，我受到的惩罚是不公平的，我还应该有第二次机会，剩余时间我把自己全身心的投入到我的学习中。由此可知改变事情的结果是通过“我”的努力。故选B项。‎ C Decision-making under Stress A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.‎ The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.‎ ‎“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”‎ For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.‎ This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress –at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.‎ The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and ‎ women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.‎ Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.‎ This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.‎ ‎39. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.‎ A. keep rewards better in their memory B. recall consequences more effortlessly C. make risky decisions more frequently D. learn a subject more effectively ‎40. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.‎ A. ways of making choices B. preference for pleasure C. tolerance of punishments D. responses to suggestions ‎41. The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.‎ A. women find it easier to fall into certain habits B. men have a greater tendency to slow down C. women focus more on outcomes D. men are more likely to take risks ‎【答案】39. A 40. A 41. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在压力之下人们作出决定时的考虑是不一样的，并通过实验说明人们在有压力的时候通常想到的是积极的一面比较多，同时也介绍了男人和女人在面对不同的压力时反映也是不同的。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.(人们在压力之下记住更多的是积极方面而不是消极后果。)”和第三段“In both ‎ cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.(在以上两个案例中，受到压力的这些参与者相对于那些没有经历压力的人来说记得更多更清楚的是奖励的物资而不是惩罚。)”由此可知，人们在压力下往往会更好地记住奖励。故选A。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章的标题及第一自然段的总结可知压力影响的是人们做出决定的方式，即如何作出选择。第一自然段为文章的中心， 一项新的研究表明压力影响了人们对有利条件和不利条件的考虑方式，导致了人们更多的去思考好的一面而忽视了消极的一面，故选A。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. ”实验中，在受到冰冷的水的压力之下男士趋向于冒更大的险，而女士的反映则相反，故选D。‎ D As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electhical generating（发电）and transmission（输送）systen for the 21th century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the suurouding community. The same is true of big solar ppants and the power lines that will be laid dowm to move electricity around.‎ The 19th century saw land grants（政府拨地）offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads ,leaving public land in between privately owned land . In much of the west ,some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped ,and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management ,with the completion or the interstate highway system ,many of the small towns which sprang up as railway stops and developed well ,have lost their lifeblood and died .‎ Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the west .this is not an argument against building then ,we need alternative energy badly .and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now .‎ So trade-offs will have to be made .some scenic sport will be sacrificed .some species (物种)will be forced to move ,or will be carefully moved to special accommodations ,deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects .‎ The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter .the 21st century development of the American west as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money to do a lot of good .but it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind ,just like the railroad and the highway .‎ The money set aside in negotiated trade –offs and the institution that control will shape the west far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines .so let’s remember the effects of the railroad and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the west .‎ ‎42. what was the problem caused by the construction of the railways ?‎ A. small towns along the railways became abandoned .‎ B. some railroad stops remained .‎ C. land in the west was hard to manage .‎ D. land grants went into private hands.‎ ‎43. what is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs ?‎ A. the transmission of power B. the use of money and power C. the conservation of solar energy D. the selection of an ideal place ‎44. what is the author ‘s attitude towards building solar plants ?‎ A. cautious B. approving C. doubtful D. disapproving ‎45. which is the best title for the passage ?‎ A. how the railways have affected the west B. how solar energy could reshape the west C. how the effects of power plants can be reduced D. how the problems of the highways have been settled ‎【答案】42. C 43. B 44. A 45. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文为说明文。文章说明的是一种新的太阳能电力系统是如何或好或坏的影响美国西部地区的。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第二段The 19th century saw land grants(政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land.和…the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management, with the completion or the interstate highway system可知铁路的建设使政府拨地落到私人的手里，西部的土地很难管理。故答案为C。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 细节理解题。从倒数第二段的句子: There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.可知在新能源的使用方面主要担心的是钱和 能源使用。故答案为B。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 作者态度题。作者从铁路和公路在西部出现的好处和坏处,说明solar plants在西部也会出现同样的问题，故答案为A。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。从文章的第一段的句子: The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.可知这篇文章讲的是太阳能会如何塑造西部 故答案为B。‎ 四、书面表达（共25分）‎ ‎46. 假设你是红星中学的学生会主席李华。近日，学校将为在你校学习的交换生召开一次视频会议。请你代表学生会给交换生们在微信中发一个“群公告”，内容包括：‎ ‎1. 告知会议时间、内容及目的；‎ ‎2. 提示做好会前准备。‎ 注意：词数不少于50。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Hello, everyone! Please kindly know that an online video conference will be held at 14:00 this Wednesday! All the exchange students must take part in it so that the information of individual protection from being attacked by virus can be widely known during the special period. Make sure to make room for the conference and take notes if necessary.‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇应用文。在微信群中发布一个“群公告”，告知交换生关于视频会议的信息。‎ ‎【详解】第一步：根据提示可知，在微信群中发布一个“群公告”，告知交换生关于视频会议的信息。‎ 第二步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：online video conference, exchange students, take part in, protection, attacked by等。‎ 第三步：确定文章结构，本文可以采取一段，题干限50词，建议采用长句完成，3-4句即可。‎ 第四步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要用一般现在时或将来时。‎ 第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，布局工整。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式。‎ that引导的宾语从句：Please kindly know that an online video conference will be held at 14:00 this Wednesday!‎ so that引导的目的状语从句：All the exchange students must take part in it so that the information of individual protection from being attacked by virus can be widely known during the special period.‎