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考点 02 名词
考点详解
高考频度:★★★★☆
【命题解读】
名词是中学英语的主要词汇之一,也是历年高考的重要考点。研究近年的高考题我们不难看出,名词
部分主要考查名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词的所有格、抽象
名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。在高考试题中,名词常结合其他项
目一起考查,考查题型以短文改错、完形填空、语法填空为主。
【命题预测】
预计 2019 年的高考名词在完形填空、短文改错及语法填空中仍会占有重要地位。
【复习建议】
在学习过程中,要掌握常用名词的基本用法,注意一词多义和旧词新义。另外要多归纳总结,做题时
要结合语境。
考向一 可数名词的复数
(1)规则变化
情况 方法 例词
一般情况 加-s students,teachers,doc tors,tables
以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾 加-es
glasses , dishes , boxes , watches 但
stomach 复 数 形 式 直 接 加 s , 即
stomachs
以辅音字母+y 结尾 变 y 为 i 再加-es families,babies,armies,bodies
以元音字母+y 结尾 加-s boys,toys,pianos,photos
大都变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加
-es
thieves,wives,knives,shelves,lives
以 f 或 fe 结尾
少数加-s beliefs,proofs,roofs,chiefs
通常加-s radios,videos,zoos,tobaccos
以 o 结尾
有的加-es heroes,potatoes,tomatoes
注意:①以-o 结尾的下列名词要加-es,它们是"黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿",即 Negroes,
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heroes,echoes,potatoes,tomatoes。
但下列以-o 结尾的名词既可以加-es,也可以加-s,它们是:zeros(zeroes)零,mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子,
volcanos(volcanoes)火山。
②以-f 或-fe 结尾的下列名词需要把 f 或 fe 去掉,加-ves,它们是"为了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手
里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上,把狼劈成两半",即 selves,lives,thieves,wives,knives,leaves,
shelves,wolves,halves。
但下列以-f 结尾的名词既可以去掉 f 加-ves,也可以直接加-s,如:handkerchiefs (handkerchieves) 手帕。
③名词前有 man 或 woman 修饰,变复数时,作定语的 man 或 woman 和后面的名词都要变成复数。如:woman
doctor→women doctors
(2)不规则变化
①常见单复数同形的名词
Chinese 中国人;sheep 绵羊;deer 鹿;series 系列;means 方式;works 工厂;fish 鱼;fruit 水果等。其
中 fish,fruit 表示种类时,可加复数词尾,即 fishes,fruits。
②自身有特殊变化的名词
child 孩 子 →children man 男 人 →men tooth 牙 →teeth foot 脚 , 英 尺 →feet mouse 老 鼠 →mice
phenomenon 现象→phenomena medium 传播媒介→media
典例剖析
1.(2018·全国新课标卷 I·语法填空)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014
66that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths
from all 67 (cause).
【答案】causes
2.(2018·全国新课标卷 I·短文改错)Last winter when I went here(改为 there) again, they had a big
separate house to raise dozens of chicken.
【答案】chicken 改为 chickens
【解析】考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅,还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的 dozens of 可知,其后
用名词复数形式。&网
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3. (2017·全国新课标卷 I·语法填空)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)
as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and
heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
【答案】effects
4.(2016·全国新课标卷 I·语法填空)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building,
and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract)... The nursery team
switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 70(the)
other is with mum — she never suspects.
61.【答案】attraction
【解析】考查名词。 形容词 top 后面跟名词形式。
69.【答案】days
【解析】考查名词复数。few 修饰复数名词。
考向二 不可数名词具体化
(1)通常只用作不可数名词的名词:advice 建议, furniture 家具, fun 乐趣;information 信息,news 新闻,
weather 天气, progress 进步,wealth 财富,value 价值等。
(2)不可数名词具体化
①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,常考的有:
单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义
success 成功 成功的人或事
pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事
beauty 美;美丽 美丽的人或事物
comfort 安慰;慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger 危险 危险的人或因素
delight 高兴 令人高兴的事
failure 失败 失败的人或事物
surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情
shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情
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pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情
Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
②物质名词具体化
drink 饮料→two drinks 两杯饮料 coffee 咖啡→a coffee 一杯咖啡 chalk 粉笔→a chalk 一支粉笔 hair 头
发→a hair 一根头发
③抽象名词与 a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如:
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在那些艰难的时期,能够买得起一杯酒会是
一件欣慰的事。
考向三 名词所有格
(1)-’s 所有格
①用 and 连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况,即表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列名词后加-’s
或’;表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加-’s 或’。
Tom’s and Jim’s rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。
Tom and Jim’s room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。
②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时,名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。
at the barber’s 在理发店
at the teacher’s 在老师办公室
(2)of 所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用 of 所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用 of
所有格。
the content of the novel 小说的内容
the name of the girl over there 那边那位女孩的名字
(3)双重所有格
指"名词+of+名词所有格"或"名词+of+名词性物主代词"。
a play of Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧)
a friend of mine(我的一个朋友)
典例剖析
1. (2018·全国新课标卷 II·短文改错)When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night.
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【答案】Friday’s 改为 Friday。
2.The village is far away from here indeed. It’s _________ walk.
A. a four hour B. a four hour’s C. a four-hours D. a four hours’
【答案】D
【解析】’s 属格除了用在表示有生命的东西(人或物)的名词后,有时还用于某些无生命的名词(如表示
时间的名词)后,一般是在名词词尾加’s,如果该名词词尾已有-s 或-es,则是在其后加"‘ "。故选 D。
考向四 名词的语法功能
1.作主语
The young woman played an important part in the matter. 那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。
His grandpa joined the Red Army at the age of fifteen. 他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。
2.作宾语
(1)作及物动词的直接宾语
I met your elder brother in the street。我在街上碰见你哥哥了。
Have you finished the letter to Jane?你写完给珍的信了吗?
(2)作及物动词的间接宾语。
I told my students a funny story. 我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。
She asked the doctor another question. 她问了医生另一个问题。
(3)作介词的宾语。
After 20 years’ traveling, he settled down in Liangxiang. 二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居。
Do you still ask your parents for money?你还向爸妈要钱吗?
3.作表语
It’s a good idea to plant trees here . 在这里栽些树是个好主意。
She is now a professor while her husband remains a worker. 也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。
4.作宾语的补足语
They elected Tom head of the workshop. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。(职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词)
The old man called my uncle Xiao Li. 老人喊我叔叔小李。
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5.作定语
(1)直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。
college students 大学生 girl friend 女友 vegetable garden 菜园 basketball match 篮球赛
Let’s stop by the book store on the way home.回家的路上,我们的书店停一下吧!
He bought the shoes in that shoe shop. 这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。
(2)名词所有格作定语。
students’ books 学生用书
China’s capital 中国的首都
the world’s population 世界人口
(3)man,woman,gentleman 作定语
man,woman,gentleman 作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式,但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。
He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。
There are many men teachers in our school. 我们学校有很多男教师。
(4)某些常用复数的名词用作定语
某些常用复数的名词,当它们用作定语时,也须用复数形式。
arms production 武器生产 clothes shop 服装商店 sales department 营业部 a goods train 货车
savings bank 储蓄所 foreign languages department 外语系
(5)单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。
Learning Skills center 学习技巧交流中心 The Boys Club 男孩俱乐部
(6)表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。
a peasant family/boy(peasant 习惯直接作定语) a worker’s family(worker 习惯用所有格作定语)
(7)两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。
women drivers 女司机 the woman’s driver 这位妇女的司机
girl friend 女朋友 the girl’s friend 这女孩的朋友
mother tongue 母语 mother’s tongue 母亲的舌头
(8)名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能,与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性
gold watch 金表 (指手表是含金的) golden watch 金色的表 (指表是金色的,但不一定含金)
6.作状语
时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。
The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里
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Your suitcase weighs 10 kilograms. 你的手提箱重 10 千克。
考点五 疑难名词比较与辨析
1.force; energy; strength; power
force 表示"力、力量"的意思。指为做或实现某事而实际运用的力量。
He overcame his bad habits by force of will.毅力使他克服了自己身上的不良习惯。
Those people are the progressive forces in the society. 这些人是社会的进步力量。
energy 主要强调"精力",指用来做某事或完成某事的能力。还可以指"能源"。
Young people usually have more energy than the old. 青年人通常此老年人精力充沛。
Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of energy. 很多国家正在提高天然气、
风以及其他能源形式的利用。
strength 表示"力"的意思。指做事情的--种内在能力。就人而育,着重指力气;就物而言,着重指强度潜
力等。
He lifted the stone with all his strength.他使出全身力气举起了那块石头。
The side man hasn’t got enough strength to get out of bed. 那位病人还没有足够的力气下床。
power 表示 "能力、能量、动力"的意思。指身体上、心理上和道德上的能力(不管是否发挥出)。
Knowledge is power.知识就是力 量。
I shall do everything in my power to help you.我将尽我的能力帮助你。@网
2.manner; means; method; way
manner 表示"方式、方法"的意思。指个人喜欢采用的方式。
The manner of their meeting makes a good story. 他们相见的方式似乎有些传奇色彩。
He has developed his own manner of acting. 它形成了自己独特的演出风格。
means 表示"方法、手段 、工具"的意思。
Students sometimes support themselves by means of evening job. 学生有时通过晚上打工的方法来养活自己。
The quickest means of travel is by plane.最快的旅行工具是飞机。
Have you the means to support a family? 你有维持家的方法没有?
method 指做某事的具体步骤或程序,也指系统的、抽象概念的原理。
His idea is all right, but he lacks method.他的想法不错,但是缺少方法。
He is a man of method.他是个有条理的人。
method of teaching 教学方法 method of study 学习方法
Roasting is one method of cooking meat. 烤是做肉的一种方法。
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way 是最通用的词,也是最不正式的词,本义是"通道、通路",引申作"方式、方法"讲,含义很广。
In this way over several days, the artist and his mice became friends. 就这样过了几天,这位艺术家和他的老鼠
成了好朋友。
Look ! Work on it in this way. 看!像这样搞它。
My parents always let me have my own way of living.
典例剖析
At the meeting they discussed three different _______ to the study of mathematics。
A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways
【答案】D。
3.cost; price; value; worth; expense
cost 表示"成本、费用"的意思。 原指生产某种物品的成本 ,包括生产中所支付的原料和劳动。一般要低
于售价,有时也可用来泛指价格。也可用于借喻,指所付出的代价,甚至生命。
As a result, costs will be reduced by as much as 90%. 因此,成本将会降低 90% 之多。
China Daily has plenty of advertisements, which help to cut the costs of making the newspaper. 《中国日报》刊登
大量广告有助于降低报纸生产的成本。
price 表示"价格、价钱、定价"的意思。 指经营商品出售的单价,通常要高于商品的出厂成本。也用于借
喻,指做某事所付出的代价。
Can you try to get them to bring down the price? 你能把价格讲下来吗?
They can sell their beef at a high price in the capital. 他们可以在首都以高价出售他们的牛肉。
value 表示"价值、价格"。指我们所估计一件东西的价值,因此是不能 以金钱估价的。
Instead, they are writing once more about things that are common for everyone: feeling alone in the modern world,
the value of having good friends and so on. 他们现在再一次写常人常事——现代世界中的孤独感及交好朋友
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的价值等等。
The park is good value for the money.公园花这么多钱值得。
worth 意思是价值。指东西本身的真正价值,是经久不变的,是可贵的。
It was worth five hundred francs at the most.它最多值 500 法郎。
He asked me how much this computer was worth. 他问我这台计算机值多少钱。
expense 意思是"费用、支出、开销",指花费金钱、时间和精力。
We travelled to France at our own expense. 我们自费去法国旅行了。
Do you know at whose expense your visit to Japan will be?你 知道谁将担负你访问日本的费用吗?
4.land; ground; soil; earth
land 表示"陆地、土地、地",是河流和海洋的相对用语。用于指土地或土壤时,着重指它的性质、用途
等。有时泛指大地,也可作"国家、地产"讲。
The rocky soil has been turned into rich land.岩石地已变成了沃土。
But some people don’t want good farm land to be built on. 但是有些人不愿意把好的农田用来修建厂房。
To the sea captain’s surprise, he found that land travel could also be quite pleasant. 使那位船长吃惊的是,他发现
陆地旅行也很愉快。
ground(n. )表示"地、土地"的意思。主要指大地表面,也可以指土壤、场地。也可用于借喻指"根据、理
由"。
He learnt how to clean rough ground before planting crops. 他学会了在种植作物之前如何拾掇毛糙的土地。
Then the Class 2 runner dropped his stick on the ground when he was passing it on to the fourth runner.然而,当二
班运动员传给第四棒时,接力棒掉在地上了。
soil 表示"土壤、土地",指可以生长植物且富有有机物的沃土,宜于农耕。
When the plants are in the ground, I’ll put some powder on the soil.当植物种到地里时,我将给地里撒些粉剂。
He studied how to improve soil conditions.他研究如何改善土壤环境。
earth 表示"地、地球、泥土",着重指"大地",以别于天空。作"泥土"解时,常用于以别于坚硬的岩
石。
Later, in a few weeks’ time I’ll put the little plants in the earth. 几星期后,我将把小植物埋在泥土里。
5.practice; exercise; training; drill
practice; exercise; training; drill 都表示"练习、训练"的意思。
training 表示"训练、培养、教练、锻炼"的意思。一般指对于身体的锻炼、对动物的训练、对士兵的训练
等。
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These football players had no strict training until they joined our club.这些足球队员直到加入我们俱乐部才受到
严格的训练。
The athlete is in training.这个运动员锻炼得好。
The home training of children is the first class social problem. 儿童的家庭教育是社会的头等问题。
exercise 主要指为提高技巧或业务水平而规定的"练习或体格锻炼"。
The book contains a series of graded exercises adapted to the use of beginners. 书中有一系列按难易排列的练习
适于初学者应用。
You need more outdoor exercise.你需要多进行户外运动。
practice 主要指正规的、有条理的、不断反复的 "练习"或把理论道理贯彻在行动中的 "实践"。
More practice will make you speak with greater fluency. 多练习会使你口语更流利。
The integration of theory and practice is one of the basic points of Marxism. 理论和实践的统一是马克思主义的
基本论点之一。
drill 表示"操练、训练"的意思。一般指严格的训练或反反复复练习或军事上的练兵。
Let’s do some pattern drills.咱们做些句型练习吧。
The soldiers were at drill in the barrack yard.士兵们在营场上操练。
6.sign; signal; mark; symbol
sign 表示 "符号、记号、招牌"等意思。是最普通的用语,指一个具有公认意义的、简单的、随意制定的
代表物。
Letters are signs used to represent sounds.字母是用来代表声音的符号。
You’ll see the sign for the rest rooms.你将看到休息室的指示牌。
signal 表示 "暗号、信号"的意思。有时是有意的;有时是无意的。有意的,如强风讯号、求救信号等。
There the electrical signal is changed back into sound. 在那儿电信号又变成声音。
mark 表示 "痕迹、记号、商标、特征、分数"的意思。指印在物品上的记号,可用在好坏两个方面。作动
词时,表示"标明、作记号"的意思。
He got full marks in his maths test. 他在数学测试中得了满分。
Each stone was marked with a number. 每个石头上都标明号码。
symbol 表示 "象征"的意思,特别强调故意用来包含某一特定意义的东西,或故意构成的传达某一特定意
义的事物。
a good luck symbol 好运气的象征
The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a symbol of courage and power. 狮子被看作百兽之王,是因
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为它是勇气与权利的象征。
典例剖析
1. (2018·天津卷·单项填空)The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always
inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice B. order
C. possibility D. invitation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们
去探索外部空间。A. advice 建议;B. order 命令;C. possibility 可能性;D. invitation 邀请。故选 C。
2. The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don’t give you any direct________.
A.solution B.target C.measure D.function
【答案】A
3.(2017 年新课标 I 卷完形填空)Before the school year 47 (ended) ,I gave the kids a special 48 , T-shirts
with the words “Verbs Are Your 49 ” on them. I had advised the kids that while verbs(动词)may seem
dull ,most of the 50(fun) things they do.
48.A.lesson B. gift C. report D. message
49. A. Friends B. Awards C. Masters D. Tasks
48.【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析,A.lesson 课,教训, B.gift 礼物, C.report 报告,D.message 信息,根据后文可
知作者送给 Freddy 一件衬衫,即一个特殊的礼物,故选 B。
49.【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。A.Friends 朋友,B.Awards 奖, C.Masters 主人,D.Tasks 任务。衬衫上写着“动
词是你的朋友”,故选 A。
4. (2017 年北京卷完形填空)… In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities, she has received
a lot of 51 .For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the 52 of young people to
change the world….
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51. A. praises B. invitations C. replies D. appointments
52. A. needs B. interests C. dreams D. efforts
5 The accident caused some ________ to my car,but it’s nothing serious.
A. harm B. injury C. ruin D. damage
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词。damage 指使用价值遭到损坏, 这种损坏是部分性的,不是完全,根据语境"it is nothing
serious"所以选 D。harm 指肉体上或精神上的伤害。injury 指人在事故中受伤。ruin 多用于借喻之中,经常
指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。
检测训练
题组一(真题在线)
1.(2018·江苏)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.
A. assignment B. association
C. acquisition D. assumption
2.(2016·天津)The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.
A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance
3.(2016·江苏) ____________— Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?
— Living every day to the full, definitely.
A. recipe B. record C. range D. receipt
4.(2015·湖北)When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall.
A. balance B .chance C .memory D .place
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5.(2015·湖北)He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task.
A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure
6.(2015·安徽)There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.
A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority
7.(2015·江苏)—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ .
A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets
8.(2015·江苏)Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements
9.(2015·福建)The failure was a big __________to him, but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic
as ever.
A. blow B. issue C. excuse D. Factor
10.(2015·浙江)One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feeling with someone you
trust.
A. production B. stress C. energy D. passive
题组二
1.They have a 22:00 _______. That is, they have to be in their dorm by 22:00 on school nights.
A. limit B. entry C. schedule D. block
2.To allow all students _________to education, China has to increase education spending to 4.5 percent of GDP.
A. access B. level C. account D. commitment
3.It is believed that very little _____has been made of the waste materials from factories in the past decades, which
on the contrary has brought pollution to the environment.
A. cost B. use C. value D. action
4.England is a multicultural society and welcomes a variety of cultures which add a __________ to our daily lives.
A. collision B. dimension C. dilemma D. privilege
5.Lots of campaigns have occurred in China to defend the Nansha Islands recently. What is your _________ of the
situation?
A. intention B. assessment C. attitude D. appointment
6.My morning ________ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.
A. drill B. action C. regulation D. routine
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7.Harry has been out of work for six months, so he has difficulty __________.
A. earning livings B. earning his living
C.to earn livings D.to earn his living
8.The role will be the biggest __________of his acting career.
A. conclusion B. challenge C. explanation D. approach
9.Finding the window was broken, he asked whose __________it was.
A. mistake B. error C. fault D. responsibility
10.She does exercise every morning to keep her __________.
A. figure B. nature C. image D. character
题组三
语篇填空
A strong memory depends 1 the health and vitality(活力)of your brain. Humans are 2 (high) social
animals, so relationships stimulate(刺激)our brains — in fact, interacting with 3 may be the best brain exercise.
Having 4 (mean) relationships is not only vital to emotional health, but also to brain health. In one recent
study from the Harvard School of Public Health, for example, researchers found that people with the most active
social life had the 5 (slow) rate of memory deterioration.
And moreover, you’ve heard that laughter is the best medicine for the brain as 6 as the body. As
psychologist Daniel 7 (note)in his book Emotional Intelligence, "Laughter seems to help people think more
broadly and associate more freely."
When you hear laughter, move toward it. Most of the time, people are very happy 8 (share) something
funny because it gives them an opportunity to laugh together.
Please spend time with those 9 laugh easily — both at themselves and at life’s humorous events.
Surround yourself with reminders to lighten up. Keep 10 toy on your desk or in your car. Put up a funny poster
in your office. Choose a computer screen saver that makes you laugh.
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答案解析
题组一
1.D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:试着去理解实际发生的事情,而不是按照你所做的假
设行事。A. assignment 分配;B. association 交往;C. acquisition 获得;D. assumption 假设。故选 D。
2.D 【解析】句意:天气预报说今天会是多云,后半夜可能有雨。A.影响;B.感觉;C.改变;D.机会,可能
性。故选 D。
4.A 【解析】句意:男孩在追他哥哥时,失去了平衡,重重地摔了一跤。A 项"平衡";B 项"机会";C
项"记忆";D 项"地方"。lose one’s balance"失去平衡"。故选 A 项。
5.C 【解析】句意:他执行一项秘密任务时,给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A 项"情绪";B 项
"才能";C 项"身份";D 项"财富"。故选 C 项。
【名师点睛】考生解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键词"secret task(秘密任务)"和" gave himself a
new name(给自己取了个新名字)",然后推知肯定是为了"hide his identity(掩藏身份)",从而锁定正
确答案。
6.A 【解析】句意:现在没必要告诉我答案,你再思考一下,之后告诉我。A 思考;B 支持;C 保护;D 权
威,当局。这里指让对方再好好想想,故选 A。
7.C 【解析】句意:——Dave,去跟你的妈妈道歉。——我想这样做,但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A
项"请求";B 项"借口";C 项"道歉";D 项"遗憾,后悔"。故选 C 项。
8.B 【解析】句意:为了与国家的足球改革相适应,一些学校必须做出调整。A 项"判断,决断";B 项"
调整";C 项"评价,评论";D 项"成就"。故选 B 项。
【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词 make 搭配。
因此,考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义,还应注意多积累可以跟同一动词搭配的名词。另外还可以
利用固定搭配排除 C 项 make 本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。comments on"对……做
出评价/评论",缩小正确答案的范围。&网
9.A 【解析】blow 打击; issue 问题;excuse 借口;factor 要素。句意:这个失败对他来说是一个打击,
但是他没有泄气,很快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选 A
10.B 【解析】句意:一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。production 产品, stress
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压力, energy 能源, passive 力量。根据常识可知,和别人谈心应该来说是减压。所以答案是 B.。
题组二
1.A【解析】考查名词。limit"限制";entry"入口;条目";schedule"时间表";block"街区"。结合
下句"That is, they have to be in their dorm by 22:00 on school nights."(也就是说,他们在校期间晚上
10:00 必须回到宿舍)可知,晚上 10:00 是时间限制,故选 A 项。
4.B【解析】考查名词辨析。collision 碰撞;dimension 方面;dilemma 困境;privilege 特权。句意:英国是
一个多元文化的社会,它欢迎为我们日常生活增添内容的各种文化。故选 B。
5.B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。intention 意图,打算;assessment 评估,评价;attitude 态度;appointment
约定,约会。句意:在中国,为了保卫南沙群岛,开展了大量的运动。你对形势有什么评估?根据
句意,B 选项正确。attitude 要和介词 to/toward 连用。
6.D【解析】考查名词。句意:我早上要做的事包括在公园慢走和吃早餐时读报。drill"操练,(反复)练
习"; action"行动,行为"; regulation"规则,规章"; routine"常规,日常事务"。 故选 D。
7.B 【解析】考查固定短语。句意:Harry 已经失业六个月了,因此他谋生有困难。have difficulty (in) doing
sth.意为"做某事有困难",earn one’s living 意为"谋生",都是固定短语,故选 B 项。
8.B 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:扮演这个角色将是他演艺生涯中最大的挑战。challenge"挑战",符合
句意。
10.A 【解析】考查词汇辨析。句意:她每天早上做运动以保持身材。figure"身材,身段",符合句意。
题组三
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语篇填空
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。记忆力取决于健康状况和大脑的活力。重要的人际关系和大笑有益
大脑。
1.on
【解析】考查固定短语。depend on"依赖,取决于",是固定短语。故填介词 on。
2.highly
【解析】考查副词。根据语境和句子结构可知,此处该用副词修饰形容词 social,highly 意为"非常地,高度
地",表示抽象意义。而 high 也可用作副词,但表示具体意义上的"高"。
3.others
【解析】考查不定代词。由上文中的 social animals 和 relationships 可知,此处表示与"别人(others)"互动。
4.meaningful
【解析】考查形容词。根据语境可知,此处表示"重要的"人际关系,故用 mean 的形容词形式作定语,修饰
relationships。
5.slowest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。根据上文提到的与人交往的好处以及空前的"the most active social life"可知,
此处表示"记忆力下降得最慢",应用最高级形式。
6.well
【解析】考查固定短语。对身体和大脑来说,微笑是良药。as well as 表示"和",是固定短语。&网
7.notes
【解析】考查时态。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词。文章的主体时态为一般现在时,且此处描述
的是事实,故应用一般现在时;再结合从句的主语 Daniel 可知,此处应用动词的第三人称单数形式。
8.to share
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据 be happy to do sth."乐于做某事"可知,此处应填不定式 to share。
9.who
10.a
【解析】考查不定冠词。toy 是可数名词,且以辅音音素开头,此处表示泛指,故应用 a。