2021版新高考英语一轮复习Module5ALessoninaLab同步练习外研版必修1 19页

Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab 一、语基必备知识 ‎(一)重点词汇——分类记忆 Ⅰ.阅读词汇——在不认识的词汇前划√‎ liquid n．　　　　　　　 expand vi.‎ contract vi. oxygen n.‎ substance n. partial adj.‎ steam n. float vi.‎ flame n. facility n.‎ lecture n. department n.‎ Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形 ‎1．stage n．　　　　 阶段；时期 ‎2．ordinary adj. 普通的；平常的 ‎3．form vi.　　　　 形成 ‎4．balance n. 天平；平衡 Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变 ‎1．mix v．混合→mixture n．混合物 ‎2．electricity n．电→electric adj.电的；用电的→electrical adj.与电有关的；用电的 ‎3．conclude vt.推论出；断定→conclusion n．结论 ‎4．aim n．目标；目的→aimless adj.无目的的，没有目标的 ‎5．react vi.(化学) 反应→reaction n．反应 ‎6．equip vt.装备；配备→equipment n．设备；装备 ‎7．astonish vt.使惊讶→astonished adj.吃惊的；惊愕的→__astonishment n．惊愕→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的；使人惊奇的 ‎1.物质形态有多种 ‎①liquid n．　　　　　　 液体 ‎②fluid n．　 流体 ‎③solid n. 固体 ‎④gas n. 气体；燃气 ‎⑤steam n. 蒸汽；水汽 19‎ ‎2.“扩展”动词全接触 ‎①expand　　　　 膨胀；扩展 ‎②enlarge 扩大 ‎③spread 扩展；蔓延 ‎④extend 延伸；延续 ‎⑤broaden 扩大 ‎3.ture结尾名词全扫描 ‎①mixture　　　　 混合物 ‎②furniture 家具 ‎③architecture 建筑 ‎④departure 出发；离开 ‎⑤signature 签名；签字 ‎ (二)重点短语——记牢用活 ‎1．put...in__order　　　 使……有条理 ‎2．add...to... 往……加入……‎ ‎3．used__to 过去(常常)……‎ ‎4．in__the__area__of 在……领域 ‎5．be__proud__of 为……感到骄傲/自豪 ‎6．be__supposed__to 应当；理应 ‎7．keep...out__of 不让……进入；使……避开……‎ ‎8．go__ahead 开始做某事(表示允许)；请用吧 ‎1.order相关短语大全 ‎①put...in order　　　　　 使……有条理 ‎②in order 按顺序；井然有序 ‎③in good order 秩序井然 ‎④in order of 按……顺序 ‎⑤out of order 有毛病；出故障 ‎2.“位置”短语集锦 ‎①at the top/bottom of...　　　 在……的顶/底部 ‎②at the foot of 在……脚下 ‎③in (the) front of 在……前面(部)‎ ‎④on the left/right 在左/右边 19‎ ‎⑤in the middle 在中间 ‎ (三)重点句式——背熟巧用 句型公式 教材原句 句型1：分数作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数由分数所修饰的名词来决定 ‎ Twothirds of the earth’s surface is__water.‎ 地球表面的三分之二是水。 ‎ 句型2：It is＋adj.＋to do sth.‎ ‎ It__is__hard__to__think__of a world without metals.‎ 做某事是……的很难想象一个没有金属的世界。‎ 句型3：the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ... 意为“越……，就越……”‎ ‎ The__closer you are, the__more you’ll see. ‎ 你离得越近，看到的就越多。‎ 二、语境强化训练 Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式 A．根据汉语提示写出下列单词 ‎1．My brother graduated from the English department(科，系) of a key university five years ago.‎ ‎2．The population of Africa is expanding(膨胀) so rapidly as to cause concern of the whole world.‎ ‎3．The economy continues to contract(收缩), raising fears of further political problems.‎ ‎4．As a worldfamous professor, he is busy delivering lectures(演讲) in different universities every year.‎ ‎5．The government has taken some measures to solve the shortage of electricity(电), but it may be some time before the situation improves.‎ B．根据所给单词写出适当形式 ‎6．We should have a balanced(balance) diet to keep us energetic every day.‎ ‎7．Ordinarily(ordinary), I find this job easy, but today I’m having problems.‎ ‎8．Good habits formed(form) at an early age will benefit you a lot in your whole life. ‎ ‎9．Do remember to take this medicine three times a day with warm boiled(boil) water! ‎ 19‎ ‎10．With much rubbish floating(float) on the river, I appeal to everyone to protect our environment.‎ Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义 ‎1．(2019·北京卷)Whatever stage of life you’re at, wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA, you’ll create positive changes in a poor and remote community(社区)．阶段 ‎2．(2019·浙江卷6月)They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.反应 ‎3．(2019·北京卷)An Ateam may require a balance—not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.平衡；均衡 ‎4．(2019·江苏卷)This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and internet facilities.设备__设施/设备 Ⅲ.选词成篇 at the top of; be proud of; be supposed to; put...in order; used to My room 1.used__to be in a mess, which greatly bothered my mother. One day she was so angry that she shouted 2.at__the__top__of her voice, “You will never be organised if your room go on like this.” At her words, I realized I 3.was__supposed__to change my habits. From then on, I have made it a rule to 4.put everything in__order. Seeing my clean room, my mother 5.is__proud__of me.‎ in the area of; find out; add...to...; keep...out of; go ahead; react with Tom, who is interested in chemistry, aims to make a breakthrough 6.in__the__area__of chemistry. Yesterday, to see if iron 7.reacts__with airfree water, he 8.added some oil to the water, which could help 9.keep air out__of the water. In the end, he drew a conclusion that iron does not rust in airfree water. To 10.find__out more scientific truth, he will 11.go__ahead with several other experiments in the following days.‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．这座城市五分之四的面积是由树和草地覆盖的。‎ Fourfifths of the area is__covered__by__trees__and__grass in the city. ‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)你通晓中国文化是必要的。‎ It’s__necessary__for__you__to__have__a__good__knowledge__of Chinese culture. ‎ ‎3．写作文的时候你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。‎ The__more__careful you are while writing a composition, the__fewer__mistakes 19‎ ‎ you will make. ‎ ‎ aim　n．目标；目的；对准　v．对准目标，打算 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2019·北京卷)All our projects aim to__promote(promote) the development of poor and remote communities.‎ ‎②a.(2019·北京卷)Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event aiming(aim) to raise public awareness about environmental protection.‎ b．(2017·北京卷)She started the Ladybug Foundation, an organization aiming/aimed(aim) at getting rid of homelessness.‎ ‎③The aim of education is to__teach(teach) young people to think for themselves and not follow others blindly.‎ ‎④(2017·北京卷)Jane moved aimlessly(aim) down the treelined street, not knowing where she was heading.‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇升级 ‎⑤(普通表达)In order to improve the level of English, we attend English Corner once a week.‎ ‎(高级表达)With__the__aim__of__improving/Aiming__at__improving/Aiming__to__‎ improve the level of English, we attend English Corner once a week.(aim)‎ ‎ ‎(1)aim to do sth.　　　　　　　 旨在做某事 aim at doing sth./be aimed at 目的是；旨在 ‎(2)take aim at... 瞄准……‎ with the aim of 以……为目标；‎ ‎ 意在……‎ ‎(3)aimless adj. 无目的的 aimlessly adv. 无目的地 ‎　[佳句背诵] ‎ This activity is aimed at improving the students’ ability of listening and speaking.‎ 这项活动的目的是提高学生的听说能力。‎ ‎[词块助记] ‎ 19‎ aim high　　　　　　志 存高远 achieve/realize my aim 达到我的目的/实现我的目标 a programme aimed at teenagers ‎ 针对青少年的节目 ‎ balance　n．天平，秤；平衡　vt.平衡；权衡 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.‎ ‎②People have learnt the importance of keeping a balanced(balance) diet to satisfy their nutritional needs.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③(天津卷)你太努力工作了，你最好使工作和放松保持平衡。 ‎ You are working too hard. You’d better keep__a__balance__between__work__and__‎ relaxation．‎ ‎④(湖北卷)男孩追他哥哥时，失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。‎ When he was running after his brother，the boy lost__his__balance and had a bad fall.‎ ‎ ‎(1)balance A against B　　　 权衡/比较A和B balance A with B 使A和B平衡 ‎(2)keep/lose one’s balance 保持/失去平衡 break the balance 打破平衡 ‎(3)balanced adj. 均衡的 ‎　[语段背诵]‎ We should try our best to keep the balance between our development and environment protection. Sometimes, overdevelopment can break the balance of ecology. Once nature loses the balance, it will bring us many disasters.‎ ‎ add...to...　往……加入……‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a. (2019·北京卷)For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method...‎ b．(2018·浙江卷6月)And an unexpected shower added to the difficulty of us in finding a way home, for all the tracks we had made disappeared because of the rain.‎ ‎②The president agreed, adding(add) that he hoped for a peaceful solution to 19‎ ‎ the dispute.‎ ‎ [能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③请把这些数字加起来，我确信总数会超过1 000。‎ Please add__up the numbers and I’m sure it will add__up__to more than 1，000.‎ ‎ ‎(1)add to　　　　　　　 增加；增添 add up 把……加起来 add up to 加起来共计/达 ‎(2)add that 补充说 ‎[佳句背诵] The dictionary is out of date: many words have been added to the language since it was published.　这本字典过时了：自从它出版，很多单词被增加到这种语言中。(天津卷)‎ ‎[词块助记]‎ little steps add up to big dreams 小进步成就大梦想 ‎ used to　过去(常常)……；以前常常 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①He used to__stay(stay) up late, but now he is used to going(go) to bed early.‎ ‎②The large amount of wood which is cut from that forest is used to__build(build) the bridge.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③以前在他们房子的后面有一个美丽的大花园。‎ There__used__to__be__a__big__and__beautiful__garden at the back of their house.‎ ‎④(四川卷)我仍然记得我幸福的童年，那时妈妈经常在周末的时候带我去迪士尼乐园。‎ I still remember my happy childhood when my mother would__take__me__to Disneyland at weekends.‎ ‎ ‎(1)There used to be...　　　 过去常常有……‎ ‎(2)be/get used to (doing) sth. 习惯 (做) 某事 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 ‎ [佳句背诵] The girl used to be shy, but is gradually getting active in group 19‎ ‎ work and is more willing to express herself.‎ 那个女孩过去很害羞，但现在团队合作越来越积极，比以前更愿意表达她自己的想法。(湖北卷)‎ ‎[名师点津] used to和would二者均含有过去常做某事的意义，used to表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，强调现在不那样了，而would单纯指过去常做某事，不含与现在比较的意思。‎ ‎ be supposed to　应当；理应 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a. (辽宁卷)What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You’re supposed to__be(be) asleep.‎ b．(陕西卷)The message is very important, so it is supposed to__be__sent(send) as soon as possible.‎ ‎②Supposing/Suppose(suppose) that there was an earthquake, what would be the right way to escape?‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③环境已经大大地影响了人们的日常生活，政府应该采取有效措施保护环境。‎ The government is__supposed__to__take__effective__measures__to__protect the environment, which has greatly affected people’s daily life.‎ ‎ ‎(1)be supposed to do sth.　　 应该/理应做某事 ‎(2)suppose＋sb.＋(to be)＋adj./n.‎ ‎ 认为某人……‎ suppose/supposing (that) ... 假定/假如/‎ ‎ 如果……‎ ‎　[佳句背诵] Chopsticks are used to nip, pick, rip and stir food, which are supposed to be a very important invention and reflect the wisdom of ancient Chinese people. ‎ 筷子被用来夹、挑、扯和搅拌食物，它被认为是一项重要的发明， 反映了古代中国人的智慧。‎ It is ＋adj.＋ to do sth.做某事是……的 ‎(教材原句)It is hard to think of a world without metals.‎ 很难想象一个没有金属的世界。‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 19‎ ‎①a.(2018·浙江卷11月)It’s a really good idea to__visit(visit) colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same.‎ b．(天津卷)It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.‎ ‎②a.It is careless of you to make so many mistakes in the exam.‎ b．It is necessary for us to practice speaking English every day.‎ ‎③It’s no use arguing(argue) with her—she won’t listen.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 ‎(安徽卷)事实是每个人都会有一段时期，在这段时期里很多事都不顺利，因此你不必太担心。‎ ‎④It__is__true__that everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong, so you don’t have to worry so much.(it作形式主语)‎ ‎⑤The__truth__is__that everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong, so you don’t have to worry so much.(表语从句)‎ ‎ ‎(1)本句属于“It is＋形容词/名词＋不定式”句式。其中it是形式主语， 不定式短语是真正的主语。‎ ‎(2)it作形式主语的常见句型：‎ ‎①It is＋adj.＋ (for/of sb.) to do sth.‎ ‎②It is＋adj./n.＋that从句 ‎③It is no good/use doing sth.做某事是没有好处/用的 ‎[佳句背诵] It is necessary to learn traditional Chinese culture. The more you learn, the more interested you will become in it. ‎ 学习中国传统文化是有必要的。你学得越多， 你就会对它越感兴趣。‎ ‎[名师点津] 在“It is/was＋adj.(for/of sb.) ＋to do sth.”结构中，for前面的形容词通常是difficult，necessary，important，quick，easy等，这些形容词多与事物的特征有关。而of前面的形容词常常是wise，kind，stupid，silly，bright，nice，good等，这些形容词常常与人的性格特点有关。‎ 维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．He drew a conclusion(conclude) that robots would play an important part in doing housework in the future.‎ ‎2．—Would you like to drink some coffee with some sugar or milk?‎ 19‎ ‎—Oh, I’d like some milk added(add) to the coffee.‎ ‎3．Is it he or you who are in charge of the job and supposed to__complete(complete) it on time? ‎ ‎4．The more you listen to English, the easier(easy) you’ll feel in speaking English.‎ ‎5．He used to__play(play) games on the Internet, but now he is used to taking(take) a walk after supper.‎ 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词 ‎1．It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not. ‎ ‎2．His parents are proud of his achievements which he has made in the field of chemistry.‎ ‎3．The baby boy is at the stage where he can only say a few simple words but not yet full sentences.‎ ‎4．The school is looking for a teacher who is professional in the area of computer science. ‎ ‎5．The books on the shelf are out of order. Let’s put them in order.‎ 维度三　派生词练习 ‎1．The school has been rebuilt and it is well equipped. Much money has been spent on the office equipment．(equip)‎ ‎2．The reaction showed us how the company reacted to the need of the customer.(react)‎ ‎3．In my opinion, each of us should have an aim of our own.But some of us lead an aimless life every day.(aim)‎ ‎4．To our astonishment,__the famous star died.That’s to say, we were astonished at the news of her sudden death, and it was really astonishing．(astonish)‎ 维度四　完成句子/句型转换 ‎1．你应当早点来，因为我们一直在等着你。‎ You were__supposed__to__have__come__earlier,__because we had been waiting for you.‎ ‎2．我们学校的校报上有一个“外国文化”栏目，旨在介绍美国风俗和中学生生活。‎ In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Cultures”， aiming__to__introduce American customs and the life of high school students.‎ ‎3．If you practise more, you will become more skillful.‎ ‎→The__more you practise, the__more__skillful you will become.‎ 19‎ ‎4．To take measures to avoid the public transport accident is necessary for the government.‎ ‎→It__is__necessary__for__the__government__to__take measures to avoid the public transport accident.‎ 提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本模块核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)‎ Tom, my classmate, used 1.to__play(play) computer games, and his grades were getting worse and worse. The teacher told him that he was supposed 2.to__set(set) an aim and form 3.a good habit. 4.It was difficult for him to give up playing games then, but with the help of the teacher he kept 5.himself(he) out of them. Besides, the teacher’s encouragement 6.added(add) to his confidence. He was 7.astonished(astonish) to find that the more he studied, the 8.more__interested(interest) he became in studying. Meanwhile, he attached importance to taking exercise. In 9.conclusion(conclude), he could keep a balance between study and exercise and his parents were proud 10.of him.‎ 提能二　话题写作(用本模块词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)‎ 假设你是李华，某国外学习网站邀请你发帖分享有效的学习方式。要点如下：‎ ‎①确定具体目标；‎ ‎②充分利用时间；‎ ‎③其他方式自拟。‎ ‎1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本模块所学词汇)‎ ‎①确定具体的目标是必要的和有用的。‎ To__set__a__specific__aim is necessary and useful.‎ ‎②因为只有当你有具体的目标时，你才能更有效地学习。‎ It is because only when__you__have__a__specific__aim can you study more efficiently.‎ ‎③我们应该养成好的学习习惯。它们能有助于提高学习成绩。‎ We are__supposed__to__form__good__learning__habits,__and they can contribute to better academic performance. ‎ ‎④充分利用时间就是最好的习惯之一。‎ Making__full__use__of__time is one of the best habits.‎ ‎⑤对我们而言，保持学习和适当放松的平衡同样重要。‎ 19‎ It is equally important for us to__keep__a__balance__between study and proper relaxation. ‎ ‎⑥总之，我们的学习方法越科学，我们在考试中就能考得越好。‎ In__conclusion,__if our learning methods are more scientific, we will perform better in exams. ‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎⑦用it作形式主语升级句①‎ It__is__necessary__and__useful__to__set__a__specific__aim.‎ ‎⑧用非限制性定语从句升级句③‎ We__are__supposed__to__form__good__learning__habits,__which__can__contribute__to__better__academic__performance.‎ ‎⑨用“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”升级句⑥‎ In__conclusion,__the__more__scientific__our__learning__methods__are,__the__better__we__will__perform__in__exams.‎ ‎3．衔接成美文(注意用适当的过渡衔接词汇：first of all, in addition, for example, besides)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ First of all, it is necessary and useful to set a specific aim. It is because only when you have a specific aim can you study more efficiently. In addition, we are supposed to form good learning habits, which can contribute to better academic performance. For example, making full use of time is one of the best habits. Besides, it is equally important for us to keep a balance between study and proper relaxation. In conclusion, the more scientific our learning methods are, the better we will perform in exams.‎ ‎ (建议用时：35分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·陕西摸底检测) In the story of The Crow and the Pitcher from Aesop’s Fables, a thirsty crow(乌鸦) drops stones into a 19‎ ‎ narrow jar to raise the low level of water inside so he can take a drink.‎ Now scientists have evidence to back up that story. Crows actually do understand how to make water displacement(排水量) work to their advantage, experiments show. The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as firstgraders.‎ Researchers, led by Sarah Jelbert at the University of Cambridge, presented six crows with tubes containing water. Inside the tubes, a worm or a piece of meat on a piece of wood was floating, just out of reach of the crows. In front of the tubes, the researchers arranged several rubber erasers that would sink, and some plastic objects that would float. The crows found out that they could drop the erasers into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack.‎ However, the__birds__handled__awkwardly in experiments in which they could choose to drop objects in either a wide tube or a narrow one to get a snack, the researchers said. Dropping objects into a narrow tube would lift the water level by a greater amount and put the treat within reach after just two drops; while it took around seven drops to raise the snack to the same level in the wide tube. The crows obviously didn’t realize this, and most of them went for the wide tube first.‎ Previous studies showed that chimps and human children can solve similar tasks. In a 2011 study, chimps and kids found out that they could put water into a tube to reach a peanut that was floating in a small amount of water at the bottom.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了科学家通过实验对乌鸦智商进行的研究。‎ ‎1．How did the crows get the snack in Sarah’s experiment?‎ A．By breaking the tube.‎ B．By dropping in erasers.‎ C．By standing on the wood.‎ D．By removing the wood.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The crows found out that they could drop the erasers into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack.”可知，乌鸦能够把橡皮擦扔到管里，使水位升高，然后吃到零食。所以选B项。‎ ‎2．What does the author mean by “the birds handled awkwardly” in Paragraph 4?‎ A．They were unable to tell different shapes.‎ B．They dropped objects only into narrow tubes.‎ C．They were not aware of the snack at first sight.‎ D．They mostly avoided the easier way to get the snack.‎ 19‎ D　解析：推理判断题。从第四段可知，实验中的乌鸦在面对粗细不同的管子时，虽然只需往细管里投两次物体就可以够到零食，而需往粗管里投大约七次物体才能够到零食，但是乌鸦往往先去粗管那边，而没有选择更容易获得零食的细管。由此可推知，画线部分是说它们通常没有选择更容易的方式得到零食。‎ ‎3．What does the text mainly focus on?‎ A．Stories of Aesop’s Fables.‎ B．The development of crows.‎ C．Crows’ intelligence.‎ D．Humananimal communication.‎ C　解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句“The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as firstgraders.”以及下文中的实验可知，整篇文章都是围绕乌鸦的智商问题来展开的。‎ ‎4．What do we know about crows in the passage?‎ A．Crows are almost as clever as firstgraders in some respects.‎ B．Crows understand water displacement completely.‎ C．Chimps and children are much smarter than crows.‎ D．The story of The Crow and the Pitcher lacks evidence.‎ A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as firstgraders.”可知，乌鸦在一些方面几乎跟一年级学生一样聪明。‎ B ‎(2020·潍坊统一考试)Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten. Some curl up their leaves, others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack. New research now shows that some flora can feel a planteating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive(先发制人的) defense that even works against other pest species.‎ When ecologist John Orrock of the University of WisconsinMadison sprayed snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased their levels of an enzyme(酶), which is known to prevent planteating animals. “None of the plants were ever actually attacked，” Orrock says. “We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”‎ 19‎ Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat. The investigators found that hungry caterpillars(毛虫), which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance. This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival, says Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia.‎ The finding that a snail’s approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study. “It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such farranging effects，” Karban says. “The research was comprehensive，” he adds, “but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.”‎ ‎“That’s the milliondollar question，” Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了一项新的科学研究。研究表明植物会对外在威胁相当警觉，会自动作出反应进行自我保护。‎ ‎5．John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to ________．‎ A．make them grow better B．give them a warning C．keep planteating animals away D．inform planteating animals of danger B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”可推知，John Orrock在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒液体的目的是给予植物一种警告，让它们能够产生自我保护性反应，且其与第三段第一句中的“his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat”呼应，故选B。‎ ‎6．Why is the example of caterpillars mentioned in Paragraph 3?‎ A．To introduce another animal.‎ B．To confirm the result of the study.‎ C．To appeal to people to protect animals.‎ D．To analyze different resistance chemicals.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Initially Orrock found this defense ‎ 19‎ worked against snails；in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat.”可推知，文章中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证研究的结果，故选B。‎ ‎7．What does Richard Karban really want to know?‎ A．How tomato plants become aware of danger.‎ B．What the chemicals in the snail slime are.‎ C．Whether the research is of practical value.‎ D．What the finding of the research is.‎ A　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“‘The research was comprehensive，’he adds，‘but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.’”，并结合对最后一段的整体理解可推知，Richard Karban实际上想了解的是西红柿植株是如何意识到危险的，故选A。‎ ‎8．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．Watchful Plants　　　　　 B．Greedy Animals C．A Snail’s Approach D．A Defense Attack A　解析：标题归纳题。根据文章中的关键词plant，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述的是有关植物的科学研究，研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保护性反应，故选A。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2020·昆明诊断测试)I received 3 missed calls from a number I didn’t recognize today. I __1__ it was something to do with an accident I had recently. I was ready to answer __2__ when the number called a 4th time. __3__， I was asked if I was Jessica and if I had __4__ anything. I said I didn’t think so and __5__ who it was.‎ It was a man called Darren who __6__ he was behind me in the shop this morning. As I was leaving, my purse __7__. He picked it up and __8__ to see where I had gone but he couldn’t see me any more. So he opened my purse and called the __9__ inside it.‎ I have just been to __10__ him to get my purse back, only to find out Darren is __11__ and lives rough in the streets of Cardiff. He even apologized as he said he had taken out some __12__ to call me to return my purse. But __13__ a few pounds used to contact me, everything was all still __14__. I admit that I wouldn’t have blamed him if he’d spent more of the __15__．‎ I felt __16__ that someone returned it, and that the person who returned it was someone who had __17__. It made me __18__ not only was I lucky that my purse was 19‎ ‎ found by someone __19__， but that I was going to a warm home.‎ The __20__ would be a much better place with more kind people like Darren in it.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文通过作者的钱包失而复得的故事告诉我们：只要人人都能够善良对待他人，我们的世界将会变成更加美好的地方。‎ ‎1．A.assumed　　　　　　　 B．promised C．declared D．agreed A　解析：根据语境可知，作者有三个来自同一号码的未接来电，作者认为(assumed)这和自己最近的一起事故有关。promise “许诺”；declare “宣布”；agree “同意”。‎ ‎2．A.gently B．gratefully C．humorously D．eagerly D　解析：根据上文“I ______ it was something to do with an accident I had recently.”可推知，作者渴望(eagerly)去接这通电话。gently“温和地”；gratefully “感激地”；humorously “幽默地”。‎ ‎3．A.Often B．Instead C．Still D．Besides B　解析：根据上文可知，作者认为那通电话和自己的一起事故有关，但是接通电话后才知道并非如此。此处前后表示转折，故Instead “相反”符合语境。‎ ‎4．A.explored B．bought C．lost D．checked C　解析：根据第二段和第三段的描述可推知，Darren捡到了作者的钱包，因此他打电话问作者是否丢了(lost)什么东西。‎ ‎5．A.forgot B．remembered C．suspected D．asked D　解析：根据语境可知，作者接电话时并不知道打电话的人是谁，因此作者问(asked)对方是谁。forget “忘记”；remember “记得”；suspect “怀疑”。‎ ‎6．A.explained B．requested C．repeated D．believed A　解析：根据语境可推知，Darren向作者解释(explained)了事情的经过。‎ ‎7．A.broke B．failed C．dropped D．disappeared C　解析：根据语境可知，作者离开商店的时候钱包掉在(dropped)地上了。‎ ‎8．A.walked away B．looked around C．turned up D．got through 19‎ B　解析：根据语境并结合常识可推知，Darren环顾(looked around)四周寻找作者。‎ ‎9．A.card B．address C．bill D．number D　解析：根据语境可知，Darren找不到作者，于是打开作者的钱包，拨打了里面的号码(number)。‎ ‎10．A.meet B．question C．beg D．remind A　解析：根据语境可知，通过电话后，作者去见(meet)Darren以拿回自己的钱包。‎ ‎11．A.hopeful B．helpful C．homeless D．speechless C　解析：根据本句中的“lives rough in the streets of Cardiff”可推知，Darren是一个无家可归的(homeless)人。‎ ‎12．A.pictures B．change C．tickets D．jewelry B　解析：根据上文可推知，Darren很穷，他不得不从作者的钱包里拿出一些零钱(change)给作者打电话。‎ ‎13．A.in spite of B．in terms of C．owing to D．apart from D　解析：根据语境及该句中的“But”可推知，Darren除了(apart from)从作者的钱包里拿出几英镑和作者联系外，其余的东西都没动(untouched)。‎ ‎14．A.untouched B．unlimited C．classified D．consumed A　解析：参见上题解析。untouched “原封未动的”符合语境。‎ ‎15．A.time B．effort C．cash D．energy C　解析：作者承认，即使Darren从自己的钱包里多拿一些现金(cash)，作者也不会责怪他。‎ ‎16．A.embarrassed B．surprised C．worried D．relaxed B　解析：作者的钱包丢了，有人捡到并归还给作者，而且这个人一无所有(nothing)，这让作者感到惊讶(surprised)。‎ ‎17．A.everything B．something C．anything D．nothing D　解析：参见上题解析。nothing “没有什么”符合语境。‎ 19‎ ‎18．A.realize B．consider C．recall D．imagine A　解析：根据语境可知，这件事让作者意识到(realize)自己是幸运的，因为自己丢失的钱包被一个诚实的(honest)人捡到，并且作者将回到一个温暖的家。‎ ‎19．A.familiar B．polite C．honest D．wise C　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎20．A.shop B．world C．environment D．street B　解析：根据语境可知，如果这个世界有更多像Darren这样善良的人存在的话，这个世界(world)将会是一个更加美好的地方。‎ 19‎