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介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。使用频率相当高，用法多而杂，一个介词可能有多种不同的用法；一个相近的意思又可以用不同的介词表达。所以在一轮的备考中必须逐一掌握每个高频介词的用法；弄清楚易混介词的用法异同；能够根据具体语境灵活运用介词。常用介词、易错介词的辨析以及介词固定搭配的考查将是2012年介词考查的主要方向。
一、介词的分类与语法功能
介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类或短语等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。
介词分为：简单介词，如at，in，for等；合成介词，如within，inside，onto，throughout等；短语介词，如according to，out of，by means of，in spite of，instead of等； 双重介词，如from behind /above /under，until after等； 分词介词，如considering，including，judging (from/by) 等。
二、介词的意义
1． 表示时间的介词
(1) in表示“在某一时间段”或“在某一时候”，如用在月、季、年份、时代、世纪等时间名词的前面，或用来泛指一天的某一段时间。in也可以指“在……之后”，表示从说话起的若干时间内。如：
in July/summer/2000/ancient times
The bus will be here in ten minutes.
(2) on表示“在特定的某一天”，也可用于带有修饰语的一天的某个时间段之前。如： on Saturday, on Saturday morning, on the morning of August 1st
(3) at表示“在某一时间点”，或用来表示不确定的时间和短期的假日、时节等。如：
at six o'clock, at Easter
(4) over, through (out)两者均指“经过的全部时间”。如：
Stay over the Christmas.
(5) for与since：for表示动作或状态延续的全部时间长度，为“长达……”之意；since用于指从过去特定的某个时刻到说话时为止的一段时间；含有since时间短语的句子要用完成时，但含有for时间短语的句子不一定要用完成时。如：
I have been there for six years.
We have not seen each other since 1993.
(6) during指“在……时期/时间内”，必须接表示一段时间的词或词组作宾语。如：
She was ill for a week, and during that week she ate little.
2． 表示地点的介词
(1) above, below，over, under，on, on top of, beneath, underneath: above和below分别表示“高于”和“低于”的意思，不一定指垂直方向上的上下；over和under分别表示垂直方向上的上下或高低；on/on top of和beneath/underneath表示“和表面相接触”意义上的上下。以上三组介词互为反义词。如：
The temple stands on top of the hill.
The pen is beneath the book.
There is a lamp on the desk.
(2) at, on, in：at指小地点或集会场合；on表示线或面上的位置；in表示在立体、区域或环境内，特别是那些较大，能够容纳相应事物的环境。如：
He works at Peking University.
Your radio is on the desk.
He's sitting in the sun.
(3) between与among：between用来说明“在……两者之间”或“三个以上人或事物中的每两者之间的相互关系”；among用来说明“在……三者以上之间”的相互关系；among可以用来表示没有确定数目的物体之间的相互关系。如：
There is a small river between the two villages.
The book is the best among these modern novels.
The relations between various countries are very important.
3． 表示原因的介词。
(1) for常常表示褒贬、奖惩的原因或心理原因。如：
They will reward you for your help.
(2) from和out of常常表示动机或原因；through表示消极或间接的原因。如：
He feels weak from lack of sleep.
He broke down through overwork.
4． 表示目的的介词
for和to都可以引导目的地。for表示拟定的接收人或目的，for跟在含有出发或开始意义的动词后，如：leave, set out, start, depart, sail等；to表示实际的接收人或目的，to跟在含有方向性的动词后，如：go, come, run, walk, move, fly, drive, ride等。如：
We have left for Hong Kong.
He flew to America via Hong Kong.
5． 表示“关于……”的介词
一般about用于比较随便的谈话或非正式的文体；on用于正式的讲话、著作或报告中；of用于动词talk, read, know, hear等的后面。如：
What are you talking about?
in terms of natural resources
6． 表示原料的介词
of和out of表示制成品的材料仍保持原材料的性质；from表示制成品已失去了原材料的性质。如：
His house was built of brick.
He made these toys out of old cigarboxes.
Steel is made from iron.
7． 表示价格的介词
at和for都可表示价格，at仅表示价格；for还表示“交换”。如：
Eggs are sold at 95 cents a dozen here.
I bought it for five pounds.
三、常见的介词搭配
1． “介词＋ 名词”型
(1) in ＋ 名词
in advance 在前头，事先，预先
in case 如果，万一
in charge 主管，掌管，看管
in common 共有，共同，公有
in demand 有需要的
in doubt 感到疑惑的，难以确定的
in effect 实际上，生效
in fact 事实上
in order 按序，井然有序，情况良好； 恰当
in progress 进行中
in return 作为回报
in turn 依次，替换地；相应地，转而
in vain 徒劳
(2) on＋ 名词
on guard 在值勤
on leave 在休假
on holiday 在度假
on strike 罢工
on sale 出售
on loan 借贷
on＋the＋名词
on the move 在移动，搬迁；离开
on the march 在行军
on the flow 在涨潮
on the increase 正在增加
on the go 正在活动，正在奔走
on the air 正在广播
on the fly 正在飞行
(3) beyond ＋名词
beyond one's power 是某人力所不及的
beyond praise 夸不胜夸
beyond one's reach 够不着
beyond description 难以形容
beyond words 无法用语言形容
beyond doubt 无疑
beyond one's understanding 无法理解
(4) under ＋ 名词
under development 在发展中
under observation 在观察中
under test 在测试中
under construction 在建设中
under examination 在检查(调查)中
under consideration 在考虑中
under repair 在修理中
(5) at ＋ 名词
at length 详细地，长时间
at sea 茫然
at will 任意地
at work 在上班
at lunch 在吃午饭
at rest 在休息
at table 在吃饭
at school 上学
at church 做礼拜
at peace 处于和平状态
(6) out of ＋ 名词
out of breath 上气不接下气
out of balance 失去平衡
out of date 过时
out of patience 不耐烦
out of control 失去控制
out of business 破产
out of style 过时，不时髦
out of the ordinary 不寻常的
out of touch 失去联系
2． 复杂介词型
(1) 表示原因(通常在句中作状语), 意为“由于，因为”。
because of：表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)；
on account of：常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。
(2) 表示“除……之外”。
with the exception of＝ except, except for“除……之外”；
apart from (＝美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词，既可表示“除……之外”，相当于except (for), 又可以表示“除……之外，(还，也)”，相当于besides；
in addition to“除……之外(还，也)”，相当于besides。
(3) 表示“有关，关于”。
concerning=regarding“关于，就……而论，在……方面”；
with respect to“关于，就……而言”；
as for和as to用于句首时表示“至于”。
(4) 表示“在……之前”。
ahead of=in advance of，可表示“(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前，更早”， 还可表示“领先，优于”；
in front of 多指空间的前后关系，“在……前方”。
(5) 表示“支持，赞成”。
in support of 维护，支持，支援；
in favor of 可指某人“支持，赞成”，也可指事物“有利于……”。
(6) 表示“鉴于，由于；根据，按照”。
in the light of 按照，考虑到
in terms of 就……而言，谈到
according to 根据；按照
in view of 鉴于，因为
(7) 表示“尽管”。
in spite of 尽管，不管
3．“形容词＋介词”型
at前的adj.：angry, good, bad, surprised, excited, puzzled等。
of前的adj.：afraid, sure, certain, full, tired, fond, proud, worthy等。
with前的adj.: angry, strict, busy, careful, popular, patient等。
in前的adj.：strict, weak, interested, successful, rich等。
to前的adj.：polite, kind, cruel, rude, close, available等。
for前的adj.：sorry, famous, fit, unfit, eager, anxious，(be) hungry/thirsty等。
from前的adj.：far, different, free, safe等。
about前的adj.：worried, anxious, careful，curious等。
4． “名词＋介词”型
the key/answer/visit/apology/introduction/way…to；
wish/desire/prize/respect…for；
pity/mercy/congratulation/effect/advice/impression/influence…on
1． 【误】 Sometimes our opinions differ because what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we've observed.
【正】 Sometimes our opinions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we've observed.
【解析】 because是连词，其后接句子；而because of是短语介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词或名词性从句等。
2． 【误】 —How long have you been an actor?
— In 1995, when I graduated from college.
【正】 —How long have you been an actor?
— Since 1995, when I graduated from college.
【解析】 结合问句的语境，只有since能回答问句所提出的问题。
3． 【误】 In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch with writing often.
【正】 In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch by writing often.
【解析】by在这里表示方式，by writing 意为“通过写信”。
1． The fashion show was ____________ being a failure. It was a success.
A．far from B．along with
C．next to D．in case
【解析】 A far from远非……。along with与……一道(又), 连同……一起， 随同……一起； next to次于，紧挨着；in case如果，万一。
2． It saves time in the dining room to have things you use a lot _________ easy reach.
A．near B．upon C．within D．around
【解析】 C 考查固定用法：within easy reach在容易够到……的地方；在……的附近。句意为：在餐厅里把常用到的东西放到容易够到的地方会节省很多时间。
3． [2009·福建卷] —How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space!
— It's a challenge, I guess, man against nature.
A．of B．for C．by D．about
【解析】 A 考查介词辨析。答句中的I guess是插入语，因此所填介词与challenge连用，构成a challenge of结构。
4．[2009·全国卷Ⅰ] Everybody was touched ______ words after they heard her moving story.
A．beyond B．without C．of D．in
【解析】 A 句意为：听到她感人的故事后，人人都感动得难于言表。beyond超出；越过。
5． [2009·重庆卷] Try on this red skirt; you will look great ____ it.
A．on B．by C．in D．for
【解析】 C 考查介词的用法。sth. be on sb.衣服穿在某人身上；sb. be (look) in sth.某人穿着什么衣服。由此可知答案为C。
6． [2009·陕西卷] He invited me to a dance after the show _____ Christmas Eve.
A．at B．on C．in D．by
【答案】 B
7．Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _________ working here.
A．with B．over C．at D．about
【解析】 D 句意为：关于在这里工作，我喜欢的两件事情是现代化设备和禁止吸烟。about“有关，关于”，符合题意。
8． If you really have to leave during the meeting, you'd better leave _______ the back door.
A．for B．by C．across D．out
【解析】 B 句意为：如果你确实要在会议期间离开，那么你最好从后门离开。“从后门”用by the back door。for表示原因；across意为“穿过，横穿”；out意为“在外面”，三者均不符合句意。
9． Alice entered silently and sank ____ a chair.
A．on B．off C．into D．to
【解析】 C 句意为：爱丽斯默默地进来，坐在了椅子上。sink into a chair颓然坐在椅子上。
10．—When did you last hear _____ Jay?
—He phoned me this morning，and we agreed _____ a time and place to meet.
A．of；to B．about；with
C．from；with D．from；on
【解析】 D hear about/of听到有关……，听说；hear from收到……的来信，得知某人的消息；agree on sth.在……方面取得一致意见；agree to do sth.同意做某事；agree to sth.同意(计划、安排、方案等)；agree with sb.同意某人(的意见)。
11．[2010·四川卷] Tired，Jim was fast asleep with his back ______ a big tree.
A．in B．below C．beside D．against
【解析】 D 考查介词词义辨析。背靠着树睡着了，against表示“倚，靠”。
12．[2010·江西卷] Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients _____ name，not case number.
A．of B．as C．by D．with
【解析】 C 考查介词惯用法。by name按名字叫。句意为：现在一些医院提到病人叫名字而不是病例号。
13．If you do not use your English _______ the classroom you will forget that English you know.
A．within B．beyond C．in D．over
【解析】 B within等于in都表示“在……里面”； over指“在……上面”；beyond表示位置，意为“在……之外”。根据句意“走出教室你如果不用英语的话，……”可知答案为B。
14．[2010·北京卷] Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden？They are _____ everyone's enjoyment.
A．in B．at C．for D．to
【解析】 C 本题考查介词。根据句子意思“这些花是让每个人欣赏的”，可知用for表示目的。
15. _______ all kinds of difficulties, the workers have made rapid progress in the construction of the World Expo 2010 in Shanghai.
A．With B．For C．Under D．Beyond
【解析】 A 本题考查介词。句意为：尽管有很多困难，工人们在上海的世博会建筑中取得了很大的进展。with尽管，虽然。
1. 【2011·天津十二所重点学校联考】_____economic, political and cultural differences, it is difficult for China and America to fully understand each other．
A．In spite of B．Regardless of C．On account of D．In terms of
【答案】C
2．（北京海淀区2011届高三二模）The woman pulled her hat low down ______ her eyes in order not to be recognized by the angry crowds．
A．under B．below C．on D．over
【答案】D
3.【2011·四川泸州市二诊】After the robbery, the shop fixed an alarm system further losses.
A. for B. against C. from D. to
【答案】B
4. 【2011·唐山市二模】I'm going to London and my sister's going _____．
A．in a hurry B．in fact C．as well D．as a result
【答案】C
5.（2011·河北正定中学第一次月考）17．The professor devoted all his life ____the treatment of AIDS．
A to research B．in researching C．to researching D．at researching
【答案】C
6.（2011·河北正定中学第一次月考）15．They experimented _____the new medicine _____animals．
A．on; to B by ; on C．with ; on D with; to
【答案】C
7.（2011·唐山市摸底）20．You had better not discuss the problem at the meeting．You may discuss it tea
A．in B．at C．for D．over
【答案】D
8.（2011·重庆师大附中第一次月考）35.To save the drowning child, the boy plunged into the icy water without hesitation, ____ his own safety.
A. despite of B. regardless of C. unaware of D. because of
【答案】B
9.（2011·浙江温州十校联考）19．We may be going skiing at Christmas, but it’s still all up __________．We’ll probably make the decision the day after tomorrow.
A．in the wild B．in the distance
C．in the air D．in the long run
【答案】C考查短语的含义。此处up in the air意为：悬而未决。
10.（2011·浙江温州八校返校联考）27．Some classmates are against my plan while the majority are ________ it．
A．in view of B．in favor of C．in honor of D．in memory of
【答案】B
11.（2011·浙江学军中学第一次月考）30. Many of the scientists and engineers are judged how great their achievements are.
A.in spite of B.in charge of C.in favor D.in terms of
【答案】D
12.（2011·广西玉林、南宁二中9月联考）29．--- Shall we visit Jim tonight?
--- OK. To make sure that he’s in, we’d better call him up .
A．in exchange B．in return C．in brief D．in advance
【答案】D
13.（2011·广西玉林、南宁二中9月联考）30．--- I’ll take it if you reduce the price by
30%.
--- But it’s my power to sell it cheaper.
A．beyond B．without C．off D．against
【答案】A
14.（2011·云南昆明一中第一次月考）6．The fridge produced by Haier is high quality and is not expensive either.
A．in B．for C．to D．of
【答案】D
15.（2011·云南昆明一中第一次月考）9．Once made out, the law must be carried out ______ any difficulty.
A．regardless of B．instead of C．because of D．in need of
【答案】A
16.（2011·浙江杭州西湖中学检测）33. The coach, because of the driver’s carelessness, was __________ and crashed over the cliff on such a cold December morning.
A．in support B．out of control
C．in charge D．at the mercy
【答案】B
17.（2011·湖南长沙一中第一次月考）32．She is being pleased about it; she is very angry．
A．free from B．free of C．out of D．far from
【答案】D
18.（2011·四川成都市摸底）34．These toys are not suitable for children four years old, who are too young.
A．outside B．beyond C．under D．within
【答案】C
19.（2011·湖南雅礼中学第一次月考）35．_________ the extremely hot weather, we continued having classes．
A．Thanks to B．In addition to C．In defence of D．Regardless of
【答案】D考查考查短语的用法。句意：不管天气多热，我们仍继续上课。
20.（2011·湖南雅礼中学第一次月考）21．What do you mean _________ saying that I’m lucky?
A．at B．on C．by D．of
【答案】C
21．We are not prepared to compromise _____ the price of the computer.
A．with B．between C．on D．in
【答案】C
22.（2011·四川成都外国语学校9月考）25．Barack Obama has taken personal blame ________ the security failures which led ________ the attempt to blow up a plane on Christmas Day.
A. of; to B. for; to C. on; on D. in; on
【答案】B
23.（2011·河南实验中学第一次月考）26. The boy talked his mother ________ buying him a home computer.
A. of B. over C. to D. into
【答案】D
24.（2011·河南实验中学第一次月考）24 To enjoy the scenery, Sara would spend long hours on the train ______ travel by air.
A. as to B. other than C. instead of D. rather than
【答案】D
25.（2011·河南实验中学第一次月考）31. In China, all the students work hard at school _________ going to university for higher education in the future. .w.^w.k.&s.5*u.c.#om.高.考.资.源.网
A. in the habit of B. in the hope of
C. in search of D. in honor of
【答案】B
26.（2011·广西桂林中学第一次月考）32. His best-known work that is ___ all praise can be seen in the museum.
A. with B. beyond C. without D. within
【答案】B
27.（2011·贵州遵义四中第一次月考）11. —Are you free after school?
—Sorry: I’ve planned to treat a friend of mine to dinner for his help.
A. in terms B. in honor C. in turn D. in return
【答案】D
28.（2011·宁夏银川一中第一次月考）34．_____ money, the man was very rich, but he was not happy at all.
A．In spite of B．In favor of C．In terms of D．In need of
【答案】C
29.（2011·桂林十八校第一次月考）23. This stranger is familiar _________this area.
A. to B. for C. with D. in
【答案】C考查介词的用法。解题关键：掌握短语be familiar with… “对。。。熟悉。”
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