北京师范大学第二附属中学2019届高三高考英语冲刺卷（六） 25页

北京师范大学第二附属中学2019年高考英语冲刺卷（六）‎ 本试卷满分共120分 考试时间100分钟 出卷人：高三英语备课组全体 审卷人：高中英语教研组全体 注意事项：‎ ‎1. 答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、年级、班级、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的准考证号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。‎ ‎2. 本次考试所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。‎ ‎3. 请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试卷、草稿纸上答题无效。‎ ‎4. 请保持答题卡卡面清洁，不要装订、不要折叠、不要破损。‎ 笔试（共三部分120分）‎ 第一部分知识运用（共两节45分）‎ 第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）‎ A I love music. When I was 16, I formed my first band called “Frog”. At the beginning, we depended ___1___ playing instruments in the street to earn money. Then we wore false beards pretending to be famous musicians. In addition, we added humorous acts to our performances and played jokes on one another. Soon, our “funny jazz” became famous and we ____2____ (invite) to perform everywhere. Afterwards, we made a record in a studio. About one million ____3____ (copy) were sold and we became rich and popular.‎ ‎【答案】1. on/upon ‎ ‎2. were invited ‎ ‎3. copies ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者从小热爱音乐，并和自己的乐队靠“滑稽爵士乐”出名的经过。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：起初，我们靠在街上演奏乐器赚钱。短语depend on/upon“取决于；依靠”。故填on/upon。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查动词时态语态。句意：不久，我们的“滑稽爵士乐”就出名了，我们被邀请到各地演出。本句主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且根据上文our “funny jazz” became famous可知应用一般过去时，故填were invited。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查名词的数。句意：大约售出了一百万册，我们变得富有和受欢迎。copy为可数名词，根据上文one million可知应用复数形式，故填copies。‎ B Voyages of people from England played ____4____ important part in spreading the English language. At present, English is frequently spoken as an official or common language in many countries. ____5____（base）on British English, English spoken in these countries can be understood well by native English speakers. But actually, English has been changing ____6____ (gradual) in terms of accents, spellings, expressions and vocabulary usage. Because of these facts, you can recognize the differences and tell from which country a foreigner comes.‎ ‎【答案】4. an 5. Based ‎ ‎6. gradually ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了英国人的航海对英语的传播起了重要作用。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查冠词。句意：英国人的航海对英语的传播起了重要作用。固定短语play an important part in“起重要作用”，故填an。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：以英式英语为基础，这些国家说的英语可以被以英语为母语的人很好地理解。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故base只能做非谓语动词与逻辑主语构成被动关系，故填过去分词Based。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：但实际上，英语在口音、拼写、表达方式和词汇用法方面都在逐渐发生变化。change为动词需要副词修饰，故填gradually。‎ C Charlie Chaplin was an extraordinary performer ___7___ acted in and directed many outstanding comedies. Few were bored in ___8___ (watch) his moustache, his gestures or his entertaining reactions when chased by detectives. Being drunk, sliding on a banana peel or whispering his own failures to nobody, he made ____9____ (we) feel more satisfied with our life without even having to use one word. His unique sense of humor ____10____ (astonish) people across the world even till this day.‎ ‎【答案】7. who/that ‎ ‎8. watching ‎ ‎9. us 10. has astonished ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一位杰出的演员查理·卓别林，他独特的幽默感直到今天仍然让世界各地的人们感到惊讶。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查定语从句连接词。句意：查理·卓别林是一位杰出的演员，他出演并导演了许多杰出的喜剧。本句为定语从句修饰先行词performer，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故填who/that。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：很少有人对他的胡子、他的手势或他被侦探追捕时的有趣反应感到厌烦。in为介词后跟动名词做宾语，故填watching。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查人称代词。句意：他喝醉了，踩在香蕉皮上滑倒了，或者对着别人窃窃私语自己的失败，这些都让我们对自己的生活感到更加满意，甚至不需要用一个词。本空做谓语动词make的宾语，故填人称代词宾格us。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。句意：直到今天，他独特的幽默感仍然让世界各地的人们感到惊讶。根据下文even till this day“直到今天”，可知应用现在完成时，且主语为单数名词，故填has astonished。‎ ‎【点睛】定语从句中的关系词选择，可考虑以下几点：‎ ‎1、看清楚先行词的意义，就是理清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点、原因。指物时不能用 who或whom，指人时通常不用which等等。‎ ‎2、看清楚关系词的句法功能，就是理清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等等。作定语通常用whose，有时也用which。作状语要用when, where, why。‎ ‎3、看清楚定语从句的种类，就是理清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。that、why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。 ‎ ‎4、看清楚文体，就是理清是正式文体，还是非正式文体。是书面语体还是口语体。‎ 如第一小题，句意：查理·卓别林是一位杰出的演员，他出演并导演了许多杰出的喜剧。本句为定语从句修饰先行词performer，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故填who/that。‎ 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ My bulletin board was covered with pictures of Carmen and me at Camp Flaming Rock. Every summer for the past five years, we had been camp bunkmates（室友）. We were great ___11___, so I was excited to be returning to camp for another fun summer together.‎ You can imagine my ___12___ when I got to the Camp and discovered that I would bunk with Kaitlyn. ___13___ could Kaitlyn and I bunk together? We were like the opposite ends of a magnet（磁铁）. It was hard to imagine that I would___14___ two weeks with her as my bunkmate.‎ When I dragged ___15___ to our small wooden house, Kaitlyn was already at the bunk. She was sorting her belongings, completely ___16___ me. For the rest of the day, neither of us spoke. It was obvious that she was ___17___ happier about the arrangement than I was.‎ At Camp Flaming Rock your bunkmate is also your ___18___ for daily activities. That meant Kaitlyn and I would be together all day long. At first, we tend to avoid each other. But as the days passed on, both of our attitudes started to ___19___. While one day my hand was hurt in a boat race, Kaitlyn rowed the rest of the way all by herself. When we got to the shore, she was all wet with ___20___. But she didn’t complain（抱怨）; she just walked with me to the nurse station. Another day we played a game based on ___21___. I was blindfolded and had to find my way to Kaitlyn by ___22___ to the sound she made. When she started making the snoring（打鼾） noises I had been hearing every night, I was able to find her ___23___ no time. As soon as the blindfold came off, we both laughed loudly.‎ Over time, as we began to ___24___ up to each other, I started to see how Kaitlyn and I were ‎ really ___25___. We both loved singing, we both had annoying little brothers, and we both ___26___ on sleeping in woolen socks.‎ The end of the camp rolled around ___27___ than either of us could have imagined. We were both ___28___ at what close friends we had become. Although I___29___ bunking with Carmen, I’m glad I made another close friend. Now there’s a new ___30___ on my bulletin board at home. It’s of me and Kaitlyn. And both of us are wearing woolen socks!‎ ‎11. A. friends B. students C. players D. campers ‎12. A. delight B. relief C. shock D. curiosity ‎13. A. Why B. How C. When D. Where ‎14. A. waste B. give C. lose D. spend ‎15. A. easily B. slowly C. eagerly D. suddenly ‎16. A. ignoring B. frightening C. attracting D. bothering ‎17. A. even B. still C. far D. no ‎18. A. partner B. reporter C. model D. guide ‎19. A. work B. understand C. change D. regain ‎20. A. water B. sweat C. blood D. paint ‎21. A. looks B. words C. gestures D. sounds ‎22. A. listening B. dancing C. awaking D. relaxing ‎23. A. at B. by C. in D. from ‎24. A. make B. open C. come D. play ‎25. A. alike B. popular C. strong D. young ‎26. A. tried B. relied C. carried D. insisted ‎27. A. better B. harder C. faster D. later ‎28. A. mad B. angry C. disappointed D. surprised ‎29. A. minded B. enjoyed C. missed D. imagined ‎30. A. name B. picture C. design D. form ‎【答案】11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. B 21. D 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者这次参加火红岩营地的活动中意外地和凯特琳成为了好朋友的经历。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们是很好的朋友，所以我很高兴能再次一起回到营地度过一个愉快的夏天。A. friends朋友；B. students学生；C. players玩家，队员，参与者；D. campers露营者。根据上文Every summer for the past five years, we had been camp bunkmates（室友），可知此处表示好朋友。故选A。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以想象当我到达营地发现我要和凯特琳睡在一起时的震惊。A. delight 高兴，快乐；B. relief减轻，解除；C. shock震惊，打击；D. curiosity好奇心。根据下文We were like the opposite ends of a magnet（磁铁）.可知作者当时知道要和凯特琳睡一起是震惊的。故选C。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：凯特琳和我怎么能睡在一起？A. Why为什么；B. How怎么样；C. When什么时候；D. Where在…的地方。根据下文It was hard to imagine that I would___4___ two weeks with her as my bunkmate.可知此处作者在想怎么能发生这种事情。故选B。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：很难想象我会和她一起度过两个星期的室友生活。A. waste浪费；B. give给；C. lose失去；D. spend花费。根据two weeks with her可知此处要spend，固定短语spend time with sb. 与某人共度时光。故选D。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我缓慢而吃力地行进到小木屋时，凯特琳已经在铺位上了。A. easily容易地；B. slowly缓慢地；C. eagerly急切地，渴望地；D. suddenly突然地。根据上文It was hard to imagine that I would spend two weeks with her as my bunkmate.可知作者不情愿和凯特琳住，所以会很慢才到达。故选B。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在整理她的东西，完全不理我。A. ignoring不顾；B. frightening恐惧；C. attracting吸引；D. bothering打扰。根据下文For the rest of the day, neither of us spoke.可知此时她没理会我。故选A。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：很明显，她对这个安排并不比我开心。A. even甚至；B. still仍然；C. far很，遥远的；D. no不，完全不。根据上文For the rest of the day, neither of us spoke.可知对于这个安排，她并不比我开心。故选D。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在火红岩营地，你的室友也是你日常活动的伙伴。A. partner伙伴，同伴；B. reporter记者；C. model模特；D. guide向导，指南。根据下文That meant Kaitlyn and I would be together all day long.可知此处表示伙伴。故选A。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但随着日子一天天过去，我们俩的态度都开始改变了。A. work工作；B. understand理解，明白；C. change改变；D. regain恢复，重新获得。根据转折词But可知此处事情发生变化了。故选C。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们到达岸边时，她浑身都是汗。A. water水；B. sweat汗水，焦虑；C. blood血液；D. paint油漆，颜料。根据上文Kaitlyn rowed the rest of the way all by herself可知此时她应该大汗淋漓。故选B。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一天，我们玩了一个基于声音的游戏。A. looks表情；B. words话语；C. gestures姿势；D. sounds声音。根据下文I was blindfolded and had to find my way to Kaitlyn by ___12___ to the sound she made.可知此处是声音游戏。故选D。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我被蒙上了眼睛，只能通过听凯特琳发出的声音来找到通往她的路。A. listening听；B. dancing跳舞；C. awaking唤醒；D. relaxing放松，休息。根据 I was blindfolded可知此处是要靠倾听来找到通往她的路。故选A。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查介词词义辨析。句意：当她开始发出我每天晚上都能听到的鼾声时，我很快就找到了她。A. at在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间）；B. by由，被，通过，在…旁边；C. in在…内，在…期间，穿着；D. from从…起，来自。固定短语in no time立刻，很快。故选C。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，我们开始向对方敞开心扉，我开始发现凯特琳和我是多么的相像。A. make使，让，完成；B. open打开；C. come来；D. play玩，打，耍。根据to each other可知此处表示敞开心扉，固定短语open up打开，开设，敞开。故选B。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，我们开始向对方敞开心扉，我开始发现凯特琳和我是多么的相像。A. alike相似的，相像的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. strong强壮的；D. young年轻的。根据下文We both loved singing, we both had annoying little brothers…可知此处描述了她们很多方面都很相似。故选A。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都喜欢唱歌，都有讨厌的弟弟，都坚持穿羊毛袜睡觉。A. tried尝试；B. relied依赖，信任；C. carried携带；D. insisted坚持。根据下文 And both of us are wearing woolen socks!可知此处用坚持。故选D。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：营地的结束时间比我们想象的要快得多。A. better更好；B. harder更努力，更难；C. faster更快；D. later后来，稍后，随后。根据than either of us could have imagined可知比想象中快得多。故选C。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们都对我们成为了这么亲密的朋友感到惊讶。A. mad疯狂的；B. angry生气的，愤怒的；C. disappointed沮丧的，失望的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据what close friends we had become可知表示惊讶。故选D。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我错过了和卡门做室友的机会，但我很高兴又交了一个亲密的朋友。A. minded介意；B. enjoyed享受；C. missed思念，错过，丢失；D. imagined想象。根据第二段中You can imagine my shock when I got to the Camp and discovered that I would bunk with Kaitlyn.可知这次她没有能和卡门成为室友，表示错过之意。故选C。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在我家里的布告栏上有一张新照片。A. name姓名；B. picture照片，图片；C. design设计；D. form形成。根据第一段中My bulletin board was covered with pictures of Carmen and me at Camp Flaming Rock.可知此处是照片。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第7小题判断凯特琳是什么状态，根据上文For ‎ the rest of the day, neither of us spoke.可知对于这个安排，她并不比我开心。故选D项。还有，第19小题中对于和卡门没成为室友这件事，根据第二段中You can imagine my shock when I got to the Camp and discovered that I would bunk with Kaitlyn.可知此处表示错失之意。故选C项。‎ 第二部分阅读理解（共两节40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A At Beaver Creek, The Extraordinary Awaits You Are no two snowflakes alike? The snowflakes we see in the winter are most likely completely unique from one other.‎ Beaver Creek is a great place to experience the beauty of the snow, with programs for everyone—from children, teens, and women-only lessons to small groups and private-guided experiences.‎ First Track, from Beaver Creek Reserve, lets you be the first on the mountain, with an adventure that begins at 7:‎30 a.m. when you are met by ski professionals and taken on a private, guided tour—before the mountain is open to the public. Once you have skied, you are treated to a delicious breakfast at Allie’s Cabin.‎ If you are looking for a higher level of comfort there is the White Carpet Club, from Beaver Creek Reserve. Located in the heart of Beaver‎ Creek ‎Village, it maximizes your time on the mountain by streamlining your access to it. At the club, there are private lockers and boot dryers, along with preferred self-parking and a slope-side ski waiter. A receptionist can assist with lift tickets, pass purchases, dinner reservations, and activity recommendations.‎ Of course, there is more to explore during the winter in Beaver Creek as well. There is ice skating, snowshoeing, shopping, and spas—you name it, Beaver Creek has it. It is the perfect place to take advantage of the snow and be in the moment, in the mountains, together.‎ The extraordinary is a rare combination of one-of-a-kind experiences designed to be shared with service that exceeds expectation. The extraordinary brings you closer to one another and offers a special place to ‎ belong together. Belong in The Extraordinary.‎ ‎31. First Track can offer visitors ________.‎ A. an early visit B. an ice skating show C. a tasty lunch D. a free skiing lesson ‎32. What is the White Carpet Club special for?‎ A. Skillful trainers. B. Quiet living experience.‎ C. Thoughtful service. D. Good views over the mountain.‎ ‎33. The passage is written to ________.‎ A. attract visitors B. compare different programs C. appeal for sports D. introduce training courses ‎【答案】31. A 32. C 33. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Beaver Creek是体验雪景之美的好地方，有许多活动让你享受非凡的体验。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段First Track, from Beaver Creek Reserve, lets you be the first on the mountain, with an adventure that begins at 7:‎30 a. m. when you are met by ski professionals and taken on a private, guided tour—before the mountain is open to the public. 可知， First Track让你成为第一个登上山顶的人，早上7:30开始一场冒险， 在这座山对公众开放之前， ‎ 你会遇到滑雪专业人士，并进行一次私人的、有导游的旅行。 所以First Track可以让游客提前参观。故选A项。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段At the club, there are private lockers and boot dryers, along with preferred self-parking and a slope-side ski waiter. A receptionist can assist with lift tickets, pass purchases, dinner reservations, and activity recommendations.可知，在俱乐部里，有私人储物柜和干靴机，还有首选自助停车场和坡面滑雪服务员。接待员可以协助购买电梯票、通行证、晚餐预订和活动建议。所以White Carpet Club的服务特备周到。故选C项。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章的标题At Beaver Creek， The Extraordinary Awaits You可以看出， 这是一个吸引游客的景点，文章主要介绍了Beaver Creek的几个旅游项目，目的是吸引游客去体验。故选A项。‎ B I said, “Papi, let me finish school.” None of his other daughters completed more than three grades. “I still can do my chores(家务),” I told him. “Pay for me to finish school.”‎ He dug his boot into the dry earth of Quanajuato the state he never left in his entire life. But he still was the smartest man in our village. He read books about Egypt and knew how to handwrite, unlike my mother, who never had an education.‎ ‎“Why do you want to return to school?” he said, lowering his eyes to me. “So you can meet a man, marry, and quit? You want me to pay for that?”‎ ‎“No, Papi,” I said. “I won’t marry in school and I promise I’ll graduate.”‎ The wind whistled through the trees. My father saw a fisherman with a pole bent over the riverbank. I said urgently, “Papi,” and I almost grabbed his thick brown wrist. In the country, my father would stop and talk with any stranger, no matter what he was doing.He would talk aboutthe harvest, the weather, the family, but mostly, he would listen.‎ He turned, making his way to the fisherman. I followed behind him in my open-toed shoes, carefully picking my steps. I knew I had lost his attention and I searched around me for something to fill the time I would spend waiting. But there was nothing and nobody.‎ ‎“Buenos dias,” my father said to the fisherman.‎ I took my seat ten feet from them. The two men stared across the lake and talked. Their voices ‎ droned on and were blended with the wind. I daydreamed.‎ ‎“Marta, come here,” my father called to me.‎ I lifted myself up and walked very slowly toward them without lifting my feet off the ground.‎ ‎“Marta,” my father said, “I have asked Don Toms what he thinks about your promise.”‎ I stared at this fisherman, this stranger, and then back at my father with wide eyes.‎ ‎“I told him about your promise to stay single, and he told me—let her go.”‎ The fisherman looked down at his worn shoes. “If you want it,” he said to the earth beneath his feet.‎ Later, I became Father’s only daughter to complete high school education, and the only one to leave his house unmarried.‎ ‎34. The author spoke to her father to ________.‎ A. share her school life B. beg for her school fee C. learn about her sisters’ study D. complain about the housework ‎35. The author felt ________ when her father went over to the fisherman.‎ A. ashamed B. tired C. angry D. helpless ‎36. Why did the author’s father talk with the fisherman?‎ A. To offer help. B. To talk about harvest.‎ C. To ask for advice. D. To get away from the author.‎ ‎37. The last paragraph suggests that the author _______.‎ A. kept her words B. missed her father C. regretted the decision D. lived a comfortable life ‎【答案】34. B 35. D 36. C 37. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者想父亲让她继续去读书的一次谈话的过程。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段I said, “Papi, let me finish school.” None of his other daughters completed more than three grades. “I still can do my chores(家务),” I told him. “Pay for me to finish school.”‎ 我说，“爸爸，让我完成学业吧。”他的其他女儿都不超过三个年级。“我仍然可以做我的家务，”我告诉他，“给我钱让我完成学业。”可知，作者和她父亲谈话，要求支付她的学费。故选B项。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第六段He turned, making his way to the fisherman. I followed behind him in my open-toed shoes, carefully picking my steps. I knew I had lost his attention and I searched around me for something to fill the time I would spend waiting. But there was nothing and nobody. 他转身向渔夫走去。我穿着露趾鞋跟在他后面，小心翼翼地走着。我知道我已经失去了他的注意，于是我在周围寻找一些东西来填补我将要等待的时间。但是什么也没有，也没有人。由此判断出当她父亲去见渔夫时，作者感到很无助。故选D项。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第五段Marta,” my father said, “I have asked Don Toms what he thinks about your promise.”可知，玛尔塔，父亲说，我已经问过汤姆斯先生他对你的承诺有何看法。所以为什么作者的父亲要和渔夫谈话是为了寻求建议。故选C项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段Later, I became Father’s only daughter to complete high school education, and the only one to leave his house unmarried.可知，后来，我成了父亲唯一完成高中教育的女儿，也是唯一一个离开家不结婚的女儿。由此判断出，最后一段暗示了作者遵守了诺言。故选A项。‎ C Love the way you walk Listen carefully to the footsteps in the family home, and you can probably work out who is walking about. The features most commonly used to identify people are faces, voices and fingerprints. But the way they walk is also a giveaway.‎ Researchers have used video cameras and computers to analyze people’s gaits, and are now quite good at it. But translating such knowledge into a practical identification system can be tricky. Cameras are often visible, are difficult to set up, require good lighting and may have their view blocked by other people. A team led by Dr. Ozanyan and Dr. Scully have been looking for a better way to recognize gait. Their answer: pressure-sensitive mats.‎ Such mats are nothing new. They have been part of security systems. But Ozanyan and Scully use ‎ a complicated version that can record the amount of pressure applied in different places as someone walks across it. These measurements form a pattern unique to the walker. The researchers turned to an artificial-intelligence system to recognize such patterns, and it seemed to work. In a study in 2018, they tested the system on a database of footsteps of 127 people. They found its error rate in identifying who was who was a mere 0.7%. And Scully says even without a database of footsteps to work with, the system can determine someone’s sex and, with reasonable accuracy, a subject’s age.‎ One application of the mat-based gait-recognition system might be in health care, particularly for the elderly. A mat placed in a nursing home or an old person’s own residence could monitor changes in an individual’s gait that indicates certain illnesses. That would provide early warning of someone being at greater risk of falling over.‎ Gait analysis might also be used as a security measure in the workplace, monitoring access to restricted areas, such as parts of military bases, server farms or laboratories dealing with dangerous materials.‎ Perhaps the most interesting use of the mats, though, would be in public places, such as airports. For that to work, the footsteps of those to be recognized would need to have been stored in a database, which would be harder to arrange than the collection of photographs and fingerprints that existing airport security systems rely on. Many aircrew or preregistered frequent flyers would welcome anything that speeded up one of the most tiresome parts of modern travel.‎ ‎38. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2?‎ A. Research equipment. B. Research findings.‎ C. Research assumption. D. Research background.‎ ‎39. According to Paragraph 3, the mat is used to _______.‎ A. collect data B. ensure safety C. determine age D. analyse pressure ‎40 The gait-recognition system might be applied to _____.‎ A. monitor security work progress B. detect potential health problems C. keep track of travelling frequency D. warn passengers of possible dangers ‎41. The main purpose of the passage is to _____.‎ A. compare and educate B. examine and assess C. discuss and persuade D. explain and inform ‎【答案】38. D 39. A 40. B 41. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。本文主要向我们介绍了通过步态来识别人的身份的一项新的科学研究：压敏垫。可用它来识别身份和监控健康。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第二段Researchers have used video cameras and computers to analyze people’s gaits, and are now quite good at it. But translating such knowledge into a practical identification system can be tricky.研究人员已经使用摄像机和电脑来分析人们的步态，现在已经很擅长于此。但是将这些知识转化成一个实际的识别系统是很困难的。可知，本段主要讲述了研究背景。故选D项。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段But Ozanyan and Scully use a complicated version that can record the amount of pressure applied in different places as someone walks across it.但是Ozanyan和Scully使用了一个复杂的版本，可以在有人走过时记录步伐在不同位置产生的压力值。可知，这个垫子是用来收集数据的。故选A项。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段A mat placed in a nursing home or an old person’s own residence could monitor changes in an individual’s gait that indicates certain illnesses. That would provide early warning of someone being at greater risk of falling over.将光纤垫安装在养老院或老人自己家中，可以监测一个人步态的变化，预测某些疾病。这将提供早期预警，例如提醒某人较有可能摔倒。可知，步态识别系统可用于检测潜在的健康问题。故选B项。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中A team led by Dr. Ozanyan and Dr. Scully have been looking for a better way to recognize gait. Their answer: pressure-sensitive mats. 由Ozanyan博士和Scully博士领导的研究小组一直在寻找识别步态的更好方法。他们的答案是：压敏垫。并通读全文可知，本文主要向我们介绍了通过步态来识别人的身份的一项新的科学研究：压敏垫。所以可推测本文的主要目的是解释并告知。故选D项。‎ D Overtourism: A growing global problem The summer holidays are in full swing—and protests against overtourism have begun in a ‎ number of popular European cities. Barcelona, in particular, is at the centre of these mounting concerns about the rapid growth of tourism in cities, especially during peak holiday periods. In fact, there were 30 million overnight visitors in 2017, compared to a resident population of ‎1,625,137 in Barcelona.‎ While many tourists want to “live like a local” during their visits, the residents of many tourism-dependent destinations are seeing the unique sense of place that characterised their home towns vanish beneath a wave of souvenir shops, crowds, tour buses and noisy bars. Overtourism is harming the landscape, damaging beaches, and pricing residents out of the housing market. It is a hugely complex issue that is often oversimplified.‎ It can have an impact in multiple ways. The international cruise(游轮) industry, for example, delivers thousands of passengers daily to destination ports. While comparatively little is returned to communities, cruise activity creates physical and visual pollution.‎ City residents also bear the cost of tourism growth. As cities transform to offer service to tourists, the global travel supply chain advances. This goes with increasing property speculation(房产投机) and rising costs of living for local communities. Airbnb, for example, has been accused of reducing housing affordability and displacing residents.‎ In addition, overcrowding and the establishment of typical tourism-focused businesses, such as clubs, bars and souvenir shops, overpower local businesses—and noisy and unmanageable tourist behaviour is common. This weakens the uniqueness of destinations and leads to crowd and waste management pressures.‎ Clearly, tourism brings jobs, investment and economic benefits to destinations. But overtourism occurs when tourism expansion fails to acknowledge that there are limits. Local government and planning authorities have so far been powerless to deal with the irresistible influence of the global tourism supply chain. This has led to widespread “tourist-phobia”—first described by Manuel Delgado more than a decade ago as a mixture of rejection, mistrust and disrespect for tourists.‎ Dealing with overtourism must now be a priority. Managing the flow of tourists seems an improbable and unwelcome task. But some cities have taken extreme measures to limit the effects of overtourism, including the introduction of new or revised taxation arrangements, fines linked to new local laws, and “demarketing”, whereby destinations focus on attracting fewer, high-spending and low impact tourists, rather than large groups.‎ Overtourism is a shared responsibility. City administrators and destination managers must acknowledge that there are definite limits to growth. Putting the wellbeing of local residents above the needs of the global tourism supply chain is vital. Primary consideration must be given to ensuring that the level of visitation fits within a destination’s capacity. We need to urgently rethink the way cities are evolving to uphold the rights of their residents.‎ ‎42. Why is Barcelona mentioned in Paragraph 1?‎ A. To describe how unique the city is.‎ B. To warn people away from popular cities.‎ C. To show how crowded a destination can be.‎ D. To compare the number of visitors to that of locals.‎ ‎43. What is the problem of overtourism?‎ A. It has destroyed local businesses.‎ B. It has led to higher living expenses.‎ C. It has increased the unemployment rate.‎ D. It has caused mistrust among local communities.‎ ‎44. The reason for overtourism is that _______.‎ A. destinations misjudge their capacity B. tourists lack a sense of responsibility C. governments fail to support the supply chain D. tourists’ travelling preference is oversimplified ‎45. According to the writer, what should the local governments do?‎ A. Take full advantage of tourism.‎ B. Guarantee local people’s welfare.‎ C. Advocate a ban on global tourism.‎ D. Control tourism-related businesses.‎ ‎【答案】42. C 43. B 44. A 45. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要谈论了过度旅游的问题。一些景点由于误判了当地游客的容纳量，导致大量游客在当地旅游，带来一系列恶劣后果。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段In fact, there were 30 million overnight visitors in 2017, compared to a resident population of ‎1,625,137 in Barcelona.可知，作者列出当地有3千万游客，1,625,137常住人口。由此判断出提及Barcelona是为了体现当地的拥挤状况。故选C项。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段City residents also bear the cost of tourism growth.可知，城市居民也承受着旅游增长的成本。所以游客的大量来访，导致当地是物价上涨，生活成本提高。故选B项。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第六段But overtourism occurs when tourism expansion fails to acknowledge that there are limits. 但当旅游业扩张没有认识到存在限制时，就会出现过度旅游。可知，由于误判了当地游客容纳量，导致大量游客在当地旅游，带来一系列恶劣后果。故选A项。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段Putting the wellbeing of local residents above the needs of the global tourism supply chain is vital. 将当地居民的福祉置于全球旅游供应链的需求之上至关重要。可知，要保障当地人们的福利。故选B项。‎ ‎【点睛】本文主要考查细节理解题和推理判断题。在做事实细节题时，首先看题目要求我们理解什么细节，找出关键词，迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语，认真比较选项和文中细节的区别。如，第2小题考查过度旅游的问题是什么，根据第四段City residents also bear the cost of tourism growth.可知，城市居民也承受着旅游增长的成本。所以游客的大量来访，导致当地物价上涨，生活成本提高。故选B项。‎ 在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。如，第4小题中推断当地政府采取什么措施，根据最后一段Putting the wellbeing of local residents above the needs of the global tourism supply chain is vital.可知，要保障当地居民的福利。故选B项。‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Healthy See, Healthy Do Visit the grocery store on an empty stomach, and you will probably come home with a few things you did not plan to buy. But hunger is not the only cause of additional purchases. The location of store displays (摆放) also influences our shopping choices.___46___‎ The checkout area is a particular hotspot for junk food. Studies have found that the products most commonly found there are sugary and salty snacks.___47___ A 2012 study in the Netherlands found that hospital workers were more likely to give up junk food for healthy snacks when the latter were more readily available on canteen shelves, for example. In 2014 Norwegian and Icelandic researchers also found that replacing unhealthy foods with healthy ones in the checkout area significantly increased last-minute sales of healthier foods.‎ ‎___48___ It has been working with more than 1,000 store owners to encourage them to order and promote nutritious foods. “We know that the stores are full of cues (暗示) meant to encourage consumption,” says Tamar Adjoian, a research scientist at the department, “Making healthy foods more convenient or appealing can lead to increased sales of those products.”‎ Adjoian and her colleagues wondered if such findings would apply to their city’s crowded urban checkout areas, so they selected three Bronx supermarkets for their own study. ___49___ Then they recorded purchases over six three-hour periods in each store for two weeks.‎ Of the more than 2,100 shoppers they observed, just 4 percent bought anything from the checkout area. Among those who did, however, customers in the healthy lines purchased nutritious foods more than twice as often as those in the standard lines.___50___ The findings were reported in September in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior.‎ The potential influence may seem small, but Adjoian believes that changing more checkout lines would open customers’ eyes to nutritious, lower-calorie foods. Health department officials are now exploring ways to expand healthy options at checkout counters throughout New York City. ‎ A. These foods give people more energy.‎ B. They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often.‎ C. And it may make or break some healthy eating habits.‎ D. The supermarkets began to offer nutritious, lower-calorie foods.‎ E. These findings caught the attention of New York City Department of Health.‎ F. They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter.‎ G. And a few studies have suggested that simply swapping in healthier options can change customer behavior.‎ ‎【答案】46. C 47. G 48. E 49. F 50. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章用几个实验向我们证明了商店里商品的摆放位置，特别是结账处附近的商品摆放会影响我们购物的选择。所以健康部门和专家都呼吁将健康食品放在这些地方，提高大家对健康食品的关注度。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 空格位于首段最后一句。空格前一句句意为：店内商品的摆放位置也会影响购物的选择。选项C中的it与上句话中的“The location”可形成指代关系，并且“make or break some healthy eating habits”与文章主题（Healthy See, Healthy Do看到的健康的，买的就是健康的）呼应。故选C。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 空格位于段中。空格前句意为：结账处摆放的商品经常是糖或者咸的零食。空格后的两个举例都是强调如果购物者看到的经常是健康食品的话，他们会更多的选择健康食品。由此可推知，空格处应该是强调换一下摆放在结账处的食品的重要性。选项G中的“simply swapping in healthier options can change customer behavior（简单地将垃圾食品换成健康一点的食品能改变顾客的购物行为）”与这一语境呼应，起到承上启下的作用。故选G。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 空格位于段首。由本段中的“a research scientist at the department”可知，前边应该出现过department，选项E中的“Department of Health”与之呼应。故选E。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 空格位于段中。分析文章结构，第四段和第五段主要讲述Adjoian和她同事们做的试验。空格前句意为：为了证明把健康食品放在收银处，是不是影响拥挤的市区内的顾客的购买行为，他们选择了三家超市。空格后句意为：他们连续三周每天分六次每次三小时记录购买情况。可以推知，中间一句话应该是实验的设置方式。选项F中的“They replaced candies and cookies ‎ with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter（他们把收银处附近的糖和饼干换成了水果和坚果）”与这个试验的目的一致。故选F。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 空格位于段中。这一段讲述Adjoian和她同事们做的试验的结果。由空格后的these findings可知，前边至少有两项发现。空格前句意为：在那些在收银处买了东西的人当中，站在健康食品队列的人比站在不健康食品队列的人买了多于两倍的东西。这是一个发现，选项B中的“They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often.（他们买不健康食品的概率也降低了40%。）”与上一句句式接近，并且表达的是与上一句意思一致的一个发现，又与下句中的“these findings”呼应。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】七选五题目主要考查学生综合的英语逻辑思维能力。一篇好的短文，不仅在内容上要前后一致，而且还要语篇结构清晰，上下文逻辑意义严谨。内容的前后一致体现在段内及语篇内话题的自然过渡。语篇结构主要体现为：文章是总分结构，还是按时间或空间顺序发展的，还是辩证三段论的编排的。逻辑意义的严谨最主要的可以通过代词、连词和副词等形式来体现。例如本文中的第一题、第四题要分别借助于篇章结构和段落结构解题。第二题依据段落内空格前后语义之间的关系解题，第三题和第五题依据词汇呼应解题。这篇七选五是比较难的题目，大家要着重分析文章和段落的结构。具体解题过程看详解。‎ 第三部分书面表达（共两节35分）‎ 第一节（15分）‎ ‎51.假如你是李华,你的美国朋友David上个月在杭州旅游期间品尝了西湖龙井茶,对中国茶文化表现出了非常浓厚的兴趣。回国后他发来邮件,希望你介绍中国茶文化, 请你写一份邮件,内容主要包括:‎ ‎1.中国茶文化历史悠久、茶叶种类丰富;‎ ‎2.茶在中国人生活中的重要性;‎ ‎3.希望世界上有更多的人品尝中国茶,了解中国文化。‎ 注意:1.词数100左右;‎ ‎2.可适当发挥想象,增加细节,以使行文连贯。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Dear David,‎ I am very glad to learn that you are very fond of Chinese tea. I am pleased to introduce something about Chinese tea culture to you.‎ Chinese tea has a very long history, and it has been very popular since ancient times. As an important part of our country’s cultural heritage, Chinese tea has various kinds and flavors, such as green tea, black tea and white tea, of which Pu'er and Longjing are the most famous, and there are many tea houses in which people get together to get relaxed.‎ I hope more and more friends all over the world like Chinese tea and learn about Chinese culture.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封信。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封信件；假如你是李华，你的美国朋友David上个月在杭州旅游期间品尝了西湖龙井茶，对中国茶文化表现出了非常浓厚的兴趣。回国后他发来邮件，希望你介绍中国茶文化，请你写一份邮件，内容主要包括：1.中国茶文化历史悠久、茶叶种类丰富；2.茶在中国人生活中的重要性；‎ ‎3.希望世界上有更多的人品尝中国茶，了解中国文化。人称使用第三人称。时态应为一般现在时。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：be fond of（喜欢），Chinese tea culture（中国茶文化），have a very long history（历史悠久），various kinds and flavors（茶叶种类丰富）等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如宾语从句I am very glad to learn that you are very fond of Chinese tea.介词加关系代词引导的定语从句As an important part of our country’s cultural heritage, Chinese tea has various ‎ kinds and flavors, such as green tea, black tea and white tea, of which Pu'er and Longjing are the most famous, and there are many tea houses in which people get together to get relaxed.另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎ 第二节（20分）‎ ‎52.假如你是李华Li Hua，你的英国朋友Peter给你发来微信，想了解一下你的家乡自“十九大(the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China)”以来所发生的变化，请你用英文给他回复。‎ 内容如下：1.精准扶贫(targeted poverty reduction)，效果良好；‎ ‎2.环境保护得到了明显改善。‎ 注意：1.词数100 左右；‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Dear Peter,‎ I’m glad that you are caring about the development of my hometown. Now I will tell you something about it. Great changes have taken place since the19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The targeted poverty reduction has reached its ideal aims. Many poor families have got effective help from local government and have improved their life greatly. Many old houses are replaced by new tall buildings which are surrounded with green trees and colourful flowers. The rivers that had been polluted seriously before are getting clearer and clearer. Besides, all kinds of fishes return the rivers. The sky is filled with white and cleaner clouds. Please come to visit my hometown in the near future.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生用英文回复Peter关于你家乡自“十九大”以来所发生的变化。‎ ‎【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 人称：以第三人称为主 时态：注意现在完成时、一般现在时以及一般将来时的灵活使用 结构：总分式 要点：1.精准扶贫，效果良好；‎ ‎2.环境保护得到了明显改善。‎ 第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）‎ care about；the development of；hometown；changes；take place；the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China；targeted；poverty reduction；ideal aims；poor families；effective；local government；old houses；be replaced by；new tall buildings；be surrounded with；green trees；colourful flowers；all kinds of；pollute；be filled with等 第三步：连词成句 ‎1. I’m glad that you are caring about the development of my hometown.‎ ‎2. Great changes have taken place since the19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.‎ ‎3. The targeted poverty reduction has reached its ideal aims.‎ ‎4. Many poor families have got effective help from local government and have improved their life greatly.‎ ‎5. Many old houses are replaced by new tall buildings which are surrounded with green trees and colourful flowers.‎ ‎6. The rivers that had been polluted seriously before are getting clearer and clearer.‎ ‎7. The sky is filled with white and cleaner clouds.‎ 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）‎ Besides；and；since等 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰 第五步：润色修改 ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多高分句式，如：I’m glad that you are caring about the development of my hometown.使用了that引导的宾语从句；Great changes have taken place since the19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.使用了since引导的时间状语从句；‎ Many old houses are replaced by new tall buildings which are surrounded with green trees and colourful flowers.使用了which引导的定语从句；The rivers that had been polluted seriously before are getting clearer and clearer.使用了that引导的定语从句等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎