2019届高三英语二轮复习课件：第一部分语法专题第三节形容词和副词(共53张PPT) 53页

第三节　形容词和副词 短文改错 1.( 2018· 全国卷 Ⅰ ) I felt happily that their life had improved. happily → happy 2.( 2018· 全国卷 Ⅲ )I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people . larger → large 3.( 2018· 全国卷 Ⅲ ) Immediate, I raised my hand. Immediate → Immediately 4.( 2017· 全国卷 Ⅱ )In their spare time ， they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden ， which is on the rooftop of their house. interesting → interested 5.( 2017· 全国卷 Ⅱ )Beside, they often get some useful information from the internet. Beside → Besides 1. 形容词之间或形容词与副词的错用； 2. 形近引起的错用； 3. 比较等级的错用。 　 考点一　形容词和副词的基本用法 1 ． 形容词的基本用法 形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。 ◆ ( 2018· 江苏卷 )Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for his staff. 尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训。 ◆ ( 2016· 北京卷 )Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to find the trail again. 天气状况太差，他想找到雪橇的轨迹是不可能的。 2 ．副词的基本用法 (1) 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。 ◆ ( 安徽卷 )They gave money to the old people's home either personally or through their companies. 他们要么是亲自给敬老院钱要么是通过公司给敬老院钱。 ◆ ( 安徽卷 )Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end. 谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。 (2) 常考的连接性副词： though “ 然而，可是 ” ( 用于句末 ) ； meanwhile “ 在此期间 ” ； therefore/thus/consequently “ 因此，所以 ” ； moreover/furthermore “ 此外 ” ； besides “ 另外，还有 ” ； however “ 然而 ” ； instead “ 相反，代替 ” ； anyway/anyhow “ 尽管，即使这样 ” ； otherwise “ 否则 ” 。 ◆ ( 天津卷 )The young man couldn't afford a new car.Instead, he bought a used one. 那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。 ◆ ( 江西卷 )The house was too expensive and too big. Besides, I'd grown fond of our little rented house. 这个房子太贵、太大了，而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。 [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 1.(2018· 沈阳铁路实验中学月考 )More than 2 ， 000 years ago, the brave and hard - working people of Eurasia explored and opened up several routes of trade and _________(culture) exchanges that linked the major civilizations of Asia, Europe and Africa. 2 ． ( 2018· 湖南长沙六校联考 )____________ (surprise), when I got home, I found a wet U ． S. $20 bill stuck to the ground. 3 ． ( 2018· 郑州一中调研 )They can also make their own special sounds to keep the story ____________(interest) and attractive. cultural Surprisingly interesting 考点二　形容词和副词的比较等级 1 ．比较级和最高级的构成 (1) 规则变化 　 (2) 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill worse worst many/much more most old older/elder oldest/eldest little less least far farther( 具体 ) farthest( 具体 ) further( 抽象 ) furthest( 抽象 ) 2. 比较等级的用法 (1) 同级比较 ① as ＋ adj ./ ad v .( 原形 ) ＋ as... “ 和 …… 一样 ” ； not as/so ＋ adj ./ ad v .( 原形 ) ＋ as... “ 和 …… 不一样 ” 。 ◆ ( 2018· 河南中原名校联考 )Since people are fond of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else. 因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。 ② 当 as... as 结构中有名词时，可用以下结构： as ＋形容词原级＋ a(n) ＋ n . ＋ as... as ＋ many ＋可数名词复数＋ as... as ＋ much ＋不可数名词＋ as... ◆ I'm not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today. 今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。 (2) 比较级 “ 形容词 / 副词比较级＋ than ” 表示 “ 两者中一方比另一方更 ……” 。 “ less ＋形容词 / 副词原级＋ than ” 结构，表示 “ 一方不及另一方 ……” 。 ◆ ( 2018· 桂林联考 )To them, life is a competition — they have to do better than their peers to be happy. 对他们来说，生活已经变成了一场竞赛 —— 他们总是在追赶更多的东西才能够真正的快乐。 (3) 最高级 ① 表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构： “ the ＋最高级＋表示比较范围的短语或从句 ” ，表示 “ …… 是 …… 中最 …… 的 ” 。 ◆ ( 四川卷 )Andy is content with the toy. It is the best he has ever got. 安迪很满意这个玩具。这是他至今得到的最好的玩具。 ② 最高级的其他表达法 a ．否定词＋比较级 b ．比较级＋ than ＋ any other ＋单数名词 比较级＋ than ＋ all the other ＋复数名词 比较级＋ than ＋ any of the other ＋复数名词 比较级＋ than anything/anyone else ◆ Your story is perfect ； I've never heard a better one before. 你的故事太完美了，我以前从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。 ◆ The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China. 长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。 (4) 含有比较等级的特殊句型 ①“ the ＋ adj ./ ad v .  -er ， the ＋ adj ./ ad v .  -er ” “ 越 …… ，越 ……” ②“ adj ./ ad v .  -er ＋ and ＋ adj ./ ad v .  -er ” “ 越来越 ……” ③“ the ＋ adj .  -er ＋ of the two ＋名词 ” “ 某人或某物是两者中较 …… 的那个 ” ④ no more than “ 仅仅 ” not more than “ 至多；不超过 ” ⑤ more... than... “ 与其说 …… 不如说 ……” ⑥ no ＋比较级＋ than “ 和 …… 一样不 ……” ⑦ not ＋比较级＋ than “ 不比 …… 更 ……” ⑧ 倍数句型 a ． A is ＋倍数＋比较级＋ than ＋ B b ． A is ＋倍数＋ as ＋原级＋ as ＋ B c ． A is ＋倍数＋ the ＋名词 (size, length, height 等 ) ＋ of ＋ B ◆ ( 天津卷 )The more interaction the robot has with humans ， the more it learns. 机器人与人类交流得越多，它学会的就越多。 ◆ More and more people realize the importance of learning a foreign language well. 越来越多的人认识到学好一门外语的重要性。 ◆ ( 江苏卷 )The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole. 总的来说，电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍的速度增加。 [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 1 ． ( 2018· 广东湛江调研 )The more support you win from others ， the _______(fast) you will move toward your goal. 2 ． ( 2018· 河南南阳一中第三次考试 )Secondly, if you don't want to waste time, divide the group task among all group members to make the job _______(easy) ． 3 ． One of the _____(good) things about her lessons was that we didn't always have to study in an ordinary way. faster easier best 考点三　形容词和副词的词性转换 形容词和副词的词形变化及词性转换是形容词和副词的考查热点。如果用来修饰名词或在系动词后作表语，应用形容词形式；如果用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，则应用副词形式。正确分析句子结构，判断设空处在句中所作的句子成分，并牢记转换形容词和副词的规则及构词法，是解答此类题目的关键。 1 ． 常见的形容词后缀 (1)  -able ： reasonable, comfortable, enjoyable, suitable, adjustable ； (2)  -al ： natural, additional, educational, traditional, national ； (3)  -ant/  -ent ： significant, important, excellent, different, convenient ； (4)  -ish ： foolish, selfish, childish ； (5)  -ive ： active, impressive, decisive, attractive, effective, instructive ； (6)  -ly ： manly, scholarly, friendly, lively, deadly ； (7)  -ful ： beautiful, wonderful, helpful, useful, successful, meaningful, thankful, powerful ； (8)  -ous ： dangerous, generous, courageous, various ； (9)  -less ： endless, aimless, powerless ； (10)  -y ： sunny, windy, funny, cloudy, rainy, healthy, wealthy ； (11)  -d/  ed ： united, organized, closed, wounded, developed, appreciated, used, crowded, polluted, worried, married, terrified, satisfied ； (12)  -ing ： developing, living, sleeping 2 ． 形容词转换为副词的变化规则 一般情况，在词尾加 -ly kind → kindly immediate → immediately 以 -y 结尾的形容词 y 读音为 /I/ 的，先将 y 改成 i, 再加 -ly easy → easily angry → angrily noisy → noisily 辅音字母＋ -e 结尾的形容词，直接加 -ly wide → widely polite → politely( 例外： true → truly) 以 -ble 或 -le 结尾的形容词，去 e 加 -y possible → possibly terrible → terribly simple → simply comfortable → comfortably 以 -ic 结尾的形容词，加 -ally basic → basically scientific → scientifically 以 -ll 结尾的形容词，在词尾加 -y dull → dully full → fully [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 / 单句改错 1 ． ( 2018· 云南玉溪一中月考 )Increase your exercise levels __________(nature) by walking or biking short distances instead of driving, or by taking the stairs instead of the elevator. 2 ． Seeing Jack, she ran to him and asked him to play with her for a while. “Sorry, Jane, but I'm _______(terrible) busy tonight.” 3 ． We are very proudly of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world. _______________ naturally terribly proudly → proud Ⅰ . 单句语法填空 1 ． ( 2018· 安徽合肥六中模拟 )It was______(amaze) that our class won second place. Our efforts paid off! Cup in hand, we took a picture together. 【 解析 】 此处 It 为形式主语，真正的主语为 that 引导的主语从句。 【 答案 】 amazing 2 ． ( 2018· 河北名校联考 )The spread of the Spring Festival is______(part) due to recent immigration from China. 9.5 million Chinese people have moved abroad since 1978. 【 解析 】 句意：春节的传播部分原因是近年来的中国移民。 自 1978 年以来已经有 950 万中国人移居海外。空处在短语 due to... China 前作状语，因此用副词。 【 答案 】 partly 3 ． ( 2018· 湖北省四地七校联考 )Admittedly, we have the right to do whatever we want.______ ， violating others' rights is unacceptable. 【 解析 】 句意：无可否认，我们有权利做任何我们想做的事。然而，侵犯他人权利是不可接受的。根据语境可知，前后为转折关系。 【 答案 】 However 4 ． ( 2018· 湖北省武昌区调考 )In my opinion, success lies in a series of goals. ______ ， we should remember to make our targets clear and spare no effort to realize our dreams. 【 解析 】 句意：在我看来，成功在于制定一系列的目标。因此，我们应该记住，让我们的目标明确，不遗余力地实现我们的梦想。根据语境可知，前后为因果关系。 【 答案 】 Therefore 5 ． ( 2018· 辽宁五校期末统考 )You can imagine how ______(terrible) shy I was the moment I thought of that. 【 解析 】 句意：你可以想象，一想到那件事我是多么害羞啊！从设空位置看，空处在之后，要考虑使用形容词或者副词；再由其后的形容词 shy 可知需要用副词。 【 答案 】 terribly 6 ． ( 2018· 广东阳春模拟 )According to the Chinese proverb, “ It is______( good) to go without food for three days, than without tea for one. ” 【 解析 】 句意：据中国谚语所说， “ 宁可三日无饭，不可一日无茶。 ” 由关键词 than 可知此处应用比较级形式。 【 答案 】 better 7 ． ( 2018· 河北衡水八模 )Nowadays young people never ______ (will) let their creativity be limited by their parents or traditional rules. 【 解析 】 句意：如今年轻人从不愿意让他们的创造力受到父母或传统规则的限制。空格处用来修饰谓语动词 let ，应用副词， will 先转化为形容词 willing ， willing 的副词形式是在其后直接加 - y 。 【 答案 】 willingly 8 ． ( 2018· 衡阳市模拟 )The festival is one of the four ______ (large) ice and snow festivals in the world! 【 解析 】 考查比较等级。此处表示四个最大的冰雪节之一，故填 largest 。 【 答案 】 largest 9 ． ( 2018· 宝鸡市模拟 )It's natural that young people are often______(comfortable) when they are with their parents. 【 解析 】 考查派生词。根据句意，年轻人在父母面前应该是有所拘束的，故此处加否定前缀表示 “ 不舒服的 ” 。 【 答案 】 uncomfortable 10. ( 2018· 长沙一中模拟 )But 65% of the people are not in favor of this, because they think studying abroad costs over ten times as much as studying in China. ______ ， children are too young to take care of themselves. 【 解析 】 句意：但 65% 的人不赞成这一点，因为他们认为出国留学费用比在中国学习多十倍。此外，孩子太小，不能照顾自己。根据语境可知，前后为递进关系。 【 答案 】 Besides/Moreover/Furthermore/Additionally 11 ． ( 2018· 沈阳监测 )I received an ______ (amaze) look because he thought I was crazy. A Chinese workmate joined me. 【 解析 】 考查形容词。空处修饰名词 “ look ” ，形容人的表情，故用 amazed 。 【 答案 】 amazed 12 ． ( 2018· 新疆第二次适应性检测 )There are many kinds of reference books available in the book market. A smart use of these books is certainly ______(benefit), but the misuse and overuse of them may cause a lot of problems. 【 解析 】 考查形容词。此处应用形容词作系动词 is 的表语。 【 答案 】 beneficial 13 ． ( 2018· 湖北武汉高三调考 )Floating on a pool of water at the base and looking up at the waterfall with a background of blue sky was one of the most ______(relax) experiences of my life. 【 解析 】 名词前应用形容词作定语，此处修饰 experiences ，故用 relaxing “ 令人放松的 ” 。 【 答案 】 relaxing 14 ． ( 2018· 山东、安徽名校联考 )Thinking his key was controversial ， I devoted myself to the problem heart and soul, trying to figure it out in a different way. Twenty minutes ______(late), I succeeded in finding, in my opinion, the right key. 【 解析 】 句意：由于认为他的答案有争议，我全心全意地研究这一问题，试图用不同的方法把它解出来。二十分钟以后，我找到了自己认为正确的答案。 late 表示 “ 迟，晚 ” ， later 表示 “ 后来，以后 ” 。 【 答案 】 later 15 ． ( 2018· 沈阳监测 )We felt safe for the next half hour so we decided to go even ______(far) ． 【 解析 】 考查比较级。根据该句中的 “ even ” 可以判断，此处表示 “ 我们决定走得更远一点 ” ，故用 far 的比较级。 【 答案 】 farther 16 ． ( 2018· 东北三省四市二模 )Uber said its flying vehicles would be much ______(quiet), cost less to operate and produce less pollution than helicopters. 【 解析 】 考查形容词比较级。根据下文的 than 可知，此处用比较级。 【 答案 】 quieter 17 ． ( 2018· 广东七校联合体第二次联考 )I was scanning the restaurant, waiting to sit at the first table that was ______(convenient) than others. 【 解析 】 考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的 “ than ” 可知，空处用形容词的比较级。 【 答案 】 more convenient 18 ． ( 2018· 福建六校联考 )“Staying ______(health) while traveling” can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one. 【 解析 】 句意： “ 在旅行的过程中保持健康 ” 有助于确保你的旅途开心、愉快。 stay 为系动词，意为 “ 保持 ” ，其后常接形容词作表语。故填 healthy 。 【 答案 】 healthy 19 ． ( 2018· 广东湛江调研 )The more support you win from others, the ______(fast) you will move toward your goal. 【 解析 】 句意：你赢得别人的支持越多，就会越快地接近你的目标。此处为 “ the ＋比较级， the ＋比较级 ” 结构，意为 “ 越 …… 越 ……” 。因此，设空处应用比较级。故填 faster 。 【 答案 】 faster 20. ( 2018· 安徽滁州中学模拟 )______(obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations. 【 解析 】 句意：很明显，一个好习惯能够帮助我们加速抵达目的地。设空处修饰逗号后面的句子，作状语，应用副词。故填 Obviously 。 【 答案 】 Obviously Ⅱ . 单句改错 1 ． ( 2018· 福建泉州一模 ) But I think we'd better have more outdoor activities. As students, we usually sit too longer in the classroom, and as a result our eyes and brains get tired. __________ 【 解析 】 句意：但是我认为，我们最好进行更多的室外活动。作为学生，我们通常在教室里坐的时间太长，结果我们的眼睛和大脑变得疲劳。副词 too 修饰形容词、副词原级。 【 答案 】 longer → long 2 ． ( 2018· 广东湛江模拟 )Eventually, members of the English club will exchange gifts. I'm sure it will be a warmly get - together. __________ 【 解析 】 此处修饰名词 get - together 应用形容词 warm 。 【 答案 】 warmly → warm 3 ． ( 2018· 沈阳监测 )Passing through several streets, we saw no one but only rubbish here and there. An hour later, I still couldn't bear to keep my eyes widely open. __________ 【 解析 】 考查副词。空处修饰形容词 open ，故用副词形式； wide 本身就有副词词性，意为 “ 完全地 ” 。注意：此处不能填 widely, widely 主要表示距离远、范围大、地域广等。 【 答案 】 widely → wide 4 ． ( 2018· 四川绵阳二诊 ) However, my favourite subject is music, especially classical music which often makes my heart peacefully. __________ 【 解析 】 句意：然而我最喜爱的科目是音乐，尤其是常常会使我心情平静的古典音乐。动词 make 之后通常有复合宾语结构，即 “ make ＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ” 结构，宾语补足语通常由形容词充当。 【 答案 】 peacefully → peaceful 5 ． (2018· 山西五校联考 ) It's true that the job market is much harder these days. Therefore, there are certainly some ways to make a living on our own. __________ 【 解析 】 由语境可知，上下文之间有逻辑上的转折关系。句意：的确，近来劳务市形势更加艰难，然而一定有办法自己谋生。 【 答案 】 Therefore → However 6 ． ( 2018· 山西五校联考 )It's true that the job market is much more harder these days. __________ 【 解析 】 考查形容词、副词比较级的构成。 much 修饰比较级， hard 为单音节形容词，其比较级为 harder ，因此其前的 more 多余。 【 答案 】 删去 more 7 ． ( 2018· 山东德州一模 )It helps us understand the world better if we know a few geography and have at hand. __________ 【 解析 】 此处 geography 为不可数名词，因此其前应用 little 。 (a) few 用来修饰可数名词复数， (a) little 修饰不可数名词。 【 答案 】 few → little 8 ． ( 2018· 淄博市模拟 )Personally speaking, the process of fighting for the goal is less important than the result. __________ 【 解析 】 句意：就我个人而言，奋斗的过程比结果更重要。故 less 改为 more 。 【 答案 】 less → more 9 ． ( 2018· 莆田市模拟 )He worked hardly and overcame thousands of difficulties. __________ 【 解析 】 hardly 意为 “ 几乎不 ” ，而此处表示 “ 努力 ” ，应改为 hard 。 【 答案 】 hardly → hard 10 ． ( 2018· 河北衡水二调 )If you decide to take Dr. Klein's advice, you can make yourself even happy by recommending the technique to others. __________ 【 解析 】 句意：如果你决定采纳 Klein 博士的建议，你可以通过把这个技巧推荐给其他人而使自己更幸福。 even 修饰形容词比较级。 【 答案 】 happy → happier