2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题十九　历史与地理（A） 7页

www.ks5u.com 话题十九　历史与地理(A)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎[2020·陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底检测] Three boys were enjoying themselves in their hometown of Bovina, Mississippi. However, their lives were turned upside down when they discovered the jawbone of a Mastodon(乳齿象)．‎ Brothers Shawn and Caid Sellers and their cousin Michael Mahalitc found the prehistoric bone in a piece of earth that was recently plowed. “I thought it was a log，” Caid said. “I tried to pick it up and it was really heavy and I saw teeth on it.” The bone weighed about 50 pounds. They eventually got the bone to their home and fitted it in their bathtub, but it took their collective strength, might and a golf cart, to carry the large Mastodon bone.‎ ‎ “They didn't expect to find that，” Michael's mom said. “Now they believe that they will be more aware of their surroundings and what they're digging up when they are digging and playing.”‎ ‎ “We've gotten a lot of petrified(石化的) wood and Civil War relics from the area and that's what I thought it was，” the brothers' mother said. “This is our first set of teeth we've found. So we thought it was their imagination. We were quite surprised to see that it was not their imagination.”‎ They were exploring near the brothers' home. It's surprising that they saw what they thought resembled a fossil. It was the curator of paleontology (古生物学负责人) of the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science, George Phillips, who first identified the bone as a “very mature individual”．‎ The Mastodon was a mammal who lived during the prehistoric times. They had long tusks and trunks, like elephants. They were clearly different from their modern day counterparts, as well as woolly mammoths(猛犸)．‎ ‎1．How did they find the jawbone of a Mastodon?‎ A．With great efforts. B．By chance.‎ C．Instructed by an expert. D．Through imagination.‎ ‎2．At first the brothers' mother thought the jawbone was ________.‎ A．from people who died in the Civil War B．the bone from a very mature individual C．like a log or something D．the prehistoric bone ‎3．The discovery of the jawbone of a Mastodon is important mainly because it ________.‎ A．helps people to know more about the Civil War B．teaches kids to be more aware of their surroundings C．promotes the research on more prehistoric creatures D．attracts the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science ‎4．Which of the following can be the best title for the article?‎ A．Prehistoric Bones Recently Found in Mississippi B．Not Petrified Wood nor Civil War Relics C．First Identifying Bone as a “Very Mature Individual”‎ D．Unexpectedly Discovering Mastodon Jawbone B ‎[2020·江西临川一中等六校联考] When Huang Lizhi took her first class in African sociology at the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa in February, her professor asked her and her classmates what impresses them most when it comes to Africa.‎ ‎ Unexpectedly, Huang, 31, found that words like “poverty” and “safari” — negative words that were often associated with the continent in media reports — were the kind of terms her African classmates didn't want to hear. Instead, they preferred to hear the question answered in this way：“Africa is the cradle of humankind” and “Africans are passionate and generous”．‎ ‎ Apparently, there are some misunderstandings between us. It's true that with incidents like the Ebola outbreak in West Africa and the emergence (出现) of pirates off the coast of Somalia hitting the news, it's easy for us to keep forgetting that Africa has one of the world's oldest civilizations — Egypt, born by the world's longest river, the Nile. The proof is in the Great Pyramid of Giza and the Great Sphinx of Giza, which are both popular among tourists. And the tombs of ancient Egypt have also become endless sources for the literature and film industries.‎ ‎ When it comes to the natural environment of Africa, our misunderstandings are only bigger. But the truth is that instead of being extremely hot all year round and covered by desert, the continent has large areas of savannas (稀树草原) where lions, giraffes and zebras live, the snowcapped Kilimanjaro — the highest mountain in Africa — and even thick forest on the island of Madagascar. These misunderstandings are one of the reasons why the 2018 Beijing Summit of the Forum on ChinaAfrica Cooperation was held on Sept. 3 and 4－to understand each other better.‎ ‎ Indeed, only by visiting Africa herself did Huang see the ‎ convenient living conditions, the amazing natural beauty and the friendly people. In her eyes, her classmates were as hopeful about the future of their own countries as they were about Africa as a whole, and they were quick to demonstrate both their strong will and activity. “At that moment, I knew exactly what they wanted — they wanted their culture to be respected.”‎ ‎5．Which of the following best explains “cradle” underlined in Paragraph 2?‎ A．A small bed for babies.‎ B．A basket to hold something.‎ C．A place for people to relax themselves.‎ D．A place where something important began.‎ ‎6．What can we infer about Africa according to the passage?‎ A．It is very hot all year round.‎ B．It's not a safe continent to live on.‎ C．It's different from what we imagine.‎ D．It is bound to have a bright future.‎ ‎7．Which of the following would Huang agree with?‎ A．To see is to believe.‎ B．Think twice before you do.‎ C．A miss is as good as a mile.‎ D．Don't judge a person by his appearance.‎ ‎8．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．Valuing a Culture B．Understanding Africa C．Paying a Visit to Africa D．Discovering a Continent Ⅱ.完形填空 I used to believe courtesy (礼貌) was a thing of the past. I had __1__ met a courteous human being in this modern age of the socalled Gentleman.‎ Recently, I changed my __2__. I had gone to a coffee place, with two of my daughters. The place was __3__ and we had to climb steep stairs to find an empty table. After enjoying coffee, we were climbing down the stairs, where the __4__ space made climbing up or down only possible in a single line.‎ ‎__5__ I was in the middle of climbing down, a gentleman __6__ the main entrance of the cafe which was right __7__ the stairs. I was __8__ I would be pushed roughly by this man who would go up hurriedly. So I kept coming down as fast as possible towards my daughters who were already down.‎ Nearly reaching them, I noticed the man still __9__ near the door. I reached my __10__ and passed the stranger at the entrance door he kept ‎ holding open.‎ We __11__ his chivalry (彬彬有礼) for both — waiting for us to come down before going up himself and __12__ holding the entrance door open for us to go out. Such __13__ people are hard to find these days, when __14__ is very common in our advanced but__15__ society. To date, I remember this gentleman.‎ ‎1．A.always B．seldom C．usually D．sometimes ‎2．A.expectation B．determination C．thinking D．direction ‎3．A.clean B．nice C．boring D．crowded ‎4．A.safe B．extra C．narrow D．free ‎5．A.As B．Since C．Once D．Though ‎6．A.guarded B．passed C．occupied D．entered ‎7．A.in front of B．behind C．on top of D．through ‎8．A.annoyed B．worried C．embarrassed D．disappointed ‎9．A.standing B．sitting C．jumping D．walking ‎10．A. gentleman B．customers C．waiter D．daughters ‎11．A.admitted B．assessed C．adopted D．applauded ‎12．A.otherwise B．instead C．also D．thus ‎13．A.warmhearted B．hardworking C．wellmannered D．easygoing ‎14．A.pushing B．queuing C．refusing D．caring ‎15．A.lonely B．aggressive C．diverse D．wealthy 话题十九　历史与地理(A)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 体裁：记叙文　主题语境：人与自然——动物遗骸——三个男孩发现了乳齿象的下颌骨 ‎【文章大意】　美国密西西比州的三个男孩在玩耍的时候无意中发现了乳齿象的下颌骨，起初他们并不知道这是史前动物的遗骸；他们发现的遗骸对史前生物的研究有一定的促进作用。‎ ‎【词汇积累】　turn sth. upside down给(某人生活)造成大的变化pick sth.up取(某物)history n．历史→historic adj.历史上的→prehistoric adj.史前的 ‎【熟词生义】　might (Para.2，line 7)常用义：modal v．可能 ‎ 例句：He said he might come tomorrow.他说他明天可能来。‎ ‎ 文章义：n.力量 ‎ ‎ 例句：He pushed the rock with all his might.他用尽全力推这块石头。‎ ‎ 【高级句式】　It was the curator of paleontology(古生物学负责人) of the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science, George Phillips, who first identified the bone as a “very mature individual”．(Para.5)‎ ‎ 分析：本句是一个强调句，对主语the curator...George Phillips进行强调。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：B　考查细节理解。根据第一段“Three boys were enjoying themselves... discovered the jawbone of a Mastodon(乳齿象)”可知，他们是在玩耍的时候无意中发现乳齿象的下颌骨的。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：A　考查推理判断。根据第四段第一句中的“We've gotten a lot of petrified(石化的) wood...what I thought it was”‎ 可知，他们之前曾经发现过一些石化的木材以及内战时的遗物。由此可推知，他们的母亲认为他们发现的这块下颌骨是在内战中死亡的人的。‎ ‎【干扰项分析】　本题易误选C项，考生看到文中的“I thought it was a log”误以为本题选C，此题需注意的是题目问的是the brothers' mother怎样认为这块下颌骨的。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：C　考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“who first identified the bone as a ‘very mature individual’”并结合倒数第一段指出Mastodon这种史前时期的古生物与今天它们的同伴有很大区别可推知，乳齿象下颌骨的发现可以促进对史前生物的研究。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：D　考查标题判断。根据第一段并结合文章其他内容可知，美国密西西比州的三个男孩在玩耍的时候无意中发现了乳齿象的下颌骨，起初他们并不知道这是史前动物的遗骸，他们发现的遗骸对史前生物的研究有一定的促进作用，故D项最适合作文章标题。‎ B 体裁：夹叙夹议　题材：社会文化　主题：了解非洲 ‎【文章大意】　本文讲述了一堂非洲社会学课引出了一部分人对非洲的误解，而主人公经过实地考察后消除了之前对非洲地理文化的误解。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：D　词义猜测题。根据下段提到的非洲拥有人类最古老的文明之一——埃及文明以及常识可知，此处表示非洲是人类的摇篮。cradle意为“摇篮”，且结合选项可知，此处cradle引申为“重要事物的发源地”。故选D项。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“When it comes to the natural environment of Africa, our misunderstandings are only bigger. But the truth is that...”可知，当提及非洲时，我们对它的误解很大。而第四段中也列举了非洲与我们想象中的不同之处。由此可知，我们对非洲有误解，真实的情况和我们想象中的有所不同。故选C项。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第五段的内容尤其本段第一句可知，本文的主人公亲自游览非洲后，才对非洲有了真正的了解，由此可知，她会同意“眼见为实”这一观点。故选A项。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。综观全文可知，本文主人公之前对非洲有很多误解，但亲自游览非洲后，才对非洲有了正确且深入的了解，消除了之前对非洲的误解。故B项最能总结本篇文章的主题，适合作本文的标题，故选B项。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 体裁：记叙文　题材：社会生活　主题：绅士风度 ‎【文章大意】　作者曾经认为在这个社会中，所谓的绅士已经很少了。但有一次去咖啡馆用餐时，作者碰到了一位绅士，这让作者感慨不已，记忆深刻。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：B　根据上文中的“a thing of the past”可知，作者认为现在很少有所谓的绅士了，所以选seldom“很少”。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：C　根据上下文可知，作者改变了之前的看法，所以选thinking“想法，看法”。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：D　根据下文中的“we had to climb steep stairs to find an empty table”可推知，咖啡馆人很多，很拥挤，所以作者她们才会爬到楼上去找空座位，所以选crowded。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：C　根据下文中的“in a single line”可推知，楼梯空间很窄，所以选narrow“狭窄的”。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：A　根据语境可知，此处表示当作者下到楼梯的中间时。As表示“当……时”。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：D　根据语境可知，一位绅士进入(entered)了咖啡馆的主入口，正好是在楼梯的前方(in front of)。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：A　参见上题解析。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：B　根据下文中的“go up hurriedly”可推知，作者担心(worried)会被这个男子粗暴地推开。‎ ‎9．答案与解析：A　作者以最快的速度下楼，结果却发现该男子还站在门口。‎ ‎10．答案与解析：D　根据上文中的“towards my daughters”可知，作者走到女儿身边，所以选daughters。‎ ‎11．答案与解析：D　根据语境和常识可推知，作者她们赞赏这位男士的彬彬有礼，他不仅等作者她们下楼之后再上楼，而且还打开了入口的门以方便她们出去。所以选applauded“称赞，赞赏”。‎ ‎12．答案与解析：C　参见上题解析。‎ ‎13．答案与解析：C　根据语境可知，此处表示这种有礼貌的人在当代社会很难找到。wellmannered表示“有礼貌的，举止得体的”。‎ ‎14．答案与解析：A　根据上文的“would be pushed roughly”可推知，在现在这个先进却又富于攻击性的(aggressive)社会中，推推搡搡很普遍。‎ ‎15．答案与解析：B　参见上题解析。‎