2018-2019学年辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校高二下学期期中考试英语试题 解析版 29页

‎2018—2019学年度下学期期中考试高二年级英语科试卷 答题时间:120分钟 满分:150分 命题人:高二英语组 校对人:高二英语组 第一部分:听力 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1.‎ What does the woman want to do?‎ A. Find a place. B. Buy a map. C. Get an address.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎2.‎ What will the man do for the woman?‎ A. Repair her car. B. Give her a ride. C. Pick up her aunt.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎3.‎ Who might Mr. Peterson be?‎ A. A new professor. B. A department head. C. A company director.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎4.‎ What does the man think of the book?‎ A. Quite difficult. B. Very interesting. C. Too simple.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎5.‎ What are the speakers talking about?‎ A. Weather. B. Clothes. C. News.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话或独白,每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。‎ ‎6. Why is Harry unwilling to join the woman?‎ A. He has a pain in his knee. B. He wants to watch TV. C. He is too lazy.‎ ‎7. What will the woman probably do next?‎ A. Stay at home. B. Take Harry to hospital. C. Do some exercise.‎ ‎【答案】6. B 7. C ‎【解析】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎7题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。‎ ‎8. When will the man be home from work?‎ A. At 5:45. B. At 6:15. C. At 6:50.‎ ‎9. Where will the speakers go?‎ A. The Green House Cinema. B. The New State Cinema. C. The UME Cinema.‎ ‎【答案】8. A 9. C ‎【解析】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。‎ ‎10. How will the speakers go to New York?‎ A. By air. B. By taxi. C. By bus.‎ ‎11. Why are the speakers making the trip?‎ A. For business. B. For shopping. C. For holiday.‎ ‎12. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?‎ A. Driver and passenger. B. Husband and wife. C. Fellow workers.‎ ‎【答案】10. A 11. A 12. C ‎【解析】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。‎ ‎13. Where does this conversation probably take place?‎ A. In a restaurant. B. In an office. C. In a classroom.‎ ‎14. Where does John do now?‎ A. He’s a trainer B. He’s a tour guide. C. He’s a college student.‎ ‎15. How much can a new person earn for the first year?‎ A. $10,500. B. $12,000. C. $15,000.‎ ‎16. How many people will the woman hire?‎ A. Four. B. Three. C. Two.‎ ‎【答案】13. B 14. C 15. A 16. C ‎【解析】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。‎ ‎17. How long has the speaker lived in a big city?‎ A. One year. B. Ten years. C. Eighteen years.‎ ‎18. What is the speaker’s opinion on public transport?‎ A. It’s comfortable. B. It’s time-saving. C. It’s cheap.‎ ‎19. What is good about living in a small town?‎ A. It’s safer. B. It’s healthier. C. It’s more convenient.‎ ‎20. What kind of life does the speaker seem to like most?‎ A. Busy. B. Colorful. C. Quiet.‎ ‎【答案】17. B 18. C 19. A 20. B ‎【解析】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 此题听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 第二部分:阅读理解(共20小题, 每小题2分, 满分40分)‎ 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分, 满分30分)‎ 阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A Janet Guthrie and Danica Patrick, first female Indy competitor and winner No complaints about woman drivers. Janet Guthrie, an space engineer who was training to be an astronaut, turned to car racing when she was cut from the space program for not having completed her doctors degree. In 1977, Guthrie became the first female Indy 500 competitor. She didn’t take the lead, but Danica Patrick did. In ‎ 2005 and in 2008, Patrick became the first woman ever to win an Indy Car Series.‎ Raymonde de Laroche, first female licensed pilot A former actress who'd been born Elise Raymonde Deroche in Paris in 1882, Raymonde de Laroche was inspired to take up flying after seeing the Wright Brothers flight demonstrations in 1907 in France. Though she wasn’t the first female pilot, de Laroche was the first woman to earn a pilot’s license in 1910.‎ Gertrude Ederle, first woman to swim across the English Channel On August 6. 1926. Gertrude Caroline Ederle became the first woman to swim across the English Channel. Ederle, who lived to be 98 and died in 2003, was also an Olympic swim champion and five-time world record-holder in five swimming events Kathrine Switzer, Nina Kuscik and Joan Benoit, first major female marathoners.‎ In 1967, 20-year-old Kathrine Switzer became the first woman to run in the Boston Marathon, even though race officials had tried to stop her. Nina Kuscik became the first woman to officially win the Boston Marathon, 1972. In 1984, American Joan Benoit became the first winner of the Women’s Olympic Marathon, finishing 400 meters ahead of Norway's Grete Waitz ‎21. Why was Janet Guthrie forbidden to take up space program?‎ A. She used to be a woman driver.‎ B. She showed interested in car racing.‎ C. She was employed as an engineer.‎ D. She didn't gain doctors degree.‎ ‎22. What made Raymonde de Laroche decide to become a pilot?‎ A. Her experience as an actress.‎ B. Her settlement in Paris.‎ C. Wright Brothers influence.‎ D. Wright Brothers dialogues.‎ ‎23. What's the similarity between Gertrude Ederle and Kathrine Switzer?‎ A. They were athletic B. They lived a long life.‎ C. They had a higher fame. D. They were looked down upon.‎ ‎【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是人物类短文，介绍了四位伟大女性，Patrick成为第一个赢得印第系列汽车冠军的女性；德·拉罗什是1910年获得飞行员执照的第一位女性；格特鲁德·卡洛琳·埃德尔成为第一位横渡英吉利海峡的女性；1967年，20岁的凯瑟琳·斯威策(Kathrine Switzer)成为第一位参加波士顿马拉松比赛的女性。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段Janet Guthrie, an space engineer who was training to be an astronaut, turned to car racing when she was cut from the space program for not having completed her doctors degree.可知，珍妮特·格思里(Janet Guthrie)是一名太空工程师，曾受训成为一名宇航员。由于没有完成博士学位，她被取消了太空项目的资格。故选D。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Raymonde de Laroche was inspired to take up flying after seeing the Wright Brothers flight demonstrations in 1907 in France.可知，1907年，雷蒙德•德•拉罗什(Raymonde de Laroche)在法国看到莱特兄弟(Wright Brothers)的飞行演示后，受到了飞行的启发。故选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Ederle, who lived to be 98 and died in 2003, was also an Olympic swim champion and five-time world record-holder in five swimming events埃德尔活到了98岁，2003年去世。他还是奥运会游泳冠军，五次保持五项游泳项目的世界纪录。根据最后一段In 1967, 20-year-old Kathrine Switzer became the first woman to run in the Boston Marathon, 1967年，20岁的凯瑟琳·斯威策(Kathrine Switzer)成为第一位参加波士顿马拉松比赛的女性。她们两个都是运动员。故选A。‎ B FOR ALL the technological wonders of modern medicine, from gene-editing to fetal(胎儿的) surgery, health care—with its fax machines and clipboards(资料夹)—is often stubbornly old-fashioned. This outdated era is slowly drawing to a close as, slowly, the industry catches up with the artificial-intelligence (AI) revolution. And it should have happened earlier, argues Eric Topol, a heart doctor keen on digital medicine.‎ Dr Topol’s vision of medicine’s future is optimistic. He thinks AI will be particularly useful for repetitive tasks where errors arise easily, such as selecting images, examining heart traces for abnormal symptoms or recording doctors’ words into patient records. In short, AI is set to save time, lives and money.‎ Much of this is imaginary—but AI is already defeating people in a variety of narrow jobs for which it has been trained. Eventually it may be able to diagnose and treat a wider range of diseases. Even then, Dr Topol thinks, humans would watch over the rules, rather than being replaced by them.‎ The author’s fear is that AI will be used to deepen the assembly-line(流水线) culture of modern medicine. If it awards a “gift of time” on doctors, he argues that this additional benefit should be used to extend the time of consultations, rather than simply speeding through them more efficiently.‎ The Hippocratic Oath holds that there is an art to medicine as well as a science and that “warmth, sympathy and understanding may be more important than the surgeon’s knife or the chemist’s drug”. That is not just a cliché: the patients of sympathetic physicians have been shown to do better. As Dr Topol says, it is hard to imagine that a robot could really replace a human doctor. Yet as demand for health care goes beyond the supply of human carers, the future may involve consultations on smartphones and measurements monitored by chat robots. The considerately warmed stethoscope(听诊器), placed gently on a patient’s back, may become history.‎ ‎24. According to the author, health care has been generally considered ____________.‎ A. to bring out many technological wonders B. to boost the sales of fax machines and clipboards C. to be out of date and fail to keep up with modern times D. to constantly catch up with new technological progress ‎25. AI is set to save time, lives and money because it can ___________.‎ A. repeat doctors’ words and instructions B. correct doctors’ errors and mistakes C. select doctors according to patients’ demands D. replace doctors’ tasks in certain fields ‎26. The underlined word “cliché” is closest in meaning to __________.‎ A. an idea so often used that becomes uninteresting B. an idea so interesting that is often used C. an effective rule that applies to medicine and doctors D. a benefit to both doctors and patients ‎27. It can be inferred from the passage that _____________.‎ A. AI will completely replace the jobs of doctors B. doctors’ sympathy and understanding should not be ignored C. the application of AI will discourage the assembly-line culture D. AI will bring warmth, sympathy and understanding to patients ‎【答案】24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文是科普类说明文，托波尔博士对医学未来的展望是乐观的。他认为人工智能将特别适用于容易出现错误的重复性任务，比如选择图像、检查心脏的异常症状或将医生的话记录到病人的记录中。简而言之，人工智能旨在节省时间、生命和金钱。最终人工智能会被用于诊断和治疗更广泛的疾病。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段health care—with its fax machines and clipboards(资料夹)—is often stubbornly old-fashioned.可知，医疗保健——有传真机和写字板——是过时的。故选C。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据He thinks AI will be particularly useful for repetitive tasks where errors arise easily, such as selecting images, examining heart traces for abnormal symptoms or recording doctors’ words into patient records.可知，他认为人工智能可用于操作那些重复的、人工操作易产生误差的工作，诸如筛查图像、检查心脏异常迹象和抄写病历等。人工智能能够利用庞大的数据提出针对某种疾病或某位病患的优化诊疗方法，从而改进医院的工作流程。在某些领域能够代替人的工作。故选D。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据warmth, sympathy and understanding may be more important than the surgeon’s knife or the chemist’s drug“‎ 温暖、同情、理解可能远超外科手术刀和药剂”。 根据the patients of sympathetic physicians have been shown to do better. 因为已经证实那些同情心的医生的病患往往恢复得更好。That is not just a cliché:此言绝非陈词滥调。故选A。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据the patients of sympathetic physicians have been shown to do better.可知，医生的同情和理解不容忽视。故选B。‎ C The hemlock(铁杉) trees along the Wappinger Creek, New York, look healthy. However, scientist Gary Lovett says the white balls which provide protection for the bugs are created by a tiny insect. It’s hard to believe the tiny bug could kill a tree. However, trees can end up with millions and millions of the pests. When there are that many, it ends up killing the tree.‎ The bug from East Asia is slowly killing trees across the USA. The trouble-making bug is just one of many invasive(入侵的) pests that have slipped into the United States. They can hurt other living things in their new home.‎ Many invasive pests arrive on wooden pallets(运货板) piled inside shipping containers. They support and separate goods, and keep them from sliding around. Invasive pests often tunnel into the pallets. How can we stop pests from riding on pallets? Lovett says new rules are needed. The companies that make pallets don’t want more rules. Congress has added an amendment(修正案) in the 2018 Farm Bill to try and prevent this problem. However, Lovett is not hopeful it will make much of a difference. Pallets are checked by inspectors. Many are sprayed with bug-killing pesticide. “I believe in the system，” said Brent McClendon, president of The National Wooden Pallet and Container Association. He also said shipping containers are checked very carefully.‎ Still, each year 13 million containers are shipped to the U. S. Each is full of wooden pallets. Lovett says: “Inspectors can’t possibly check everything. All it takes are a few bad pallets; we should get rid of wooden pallets.” He believes pallets should be made of plastic or eco-composite wood. Eco-composite wood is a mix of wood ‎ fiber and plastic. Insects cannot hide into it. One problem is that these choices cost more. They may be worth the extra money, though. Invasive pests cost the U.S. $5 billion a year. Trees don’t just die in forests. They also die in cities and our yards. Then, they need to be replaced. That costs money, too.‎ ‎28. All the statements are TRUE except that ________.‎ A. pesticide has been applied to bug-killing B. invasive pests are native to Wappinger Creek C. invasive pests hide in pallets used in shipping D. the companies making pallets don’t want more rules ‎29. What can we infer from the passage?‎ A. Bugs can be easily spotted by eyes.‎ B. Bugs ruin the shipping goods slowly.‎ C. Even tiny bugs could be a threat to a tree.‎ D. Bugs cover trees with white soft balls to protect tress.‎ ‎30. Why does Gary Lovett want to get rid of wooden pallets?‎ A. Because insects mostly die in them.‎ B. Because plastic pallets are eco-friendly.‎ C. Because they are not worth extra money.‎ D. Because they are the major pest carriers.‎ ‎31. What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ A. Invasive pests are harming plants in the USA.‎ B. Effective measures have stopped the pest invasion.‎ C. Congress contributes a lot to dealing with invasive pests.‎ D. Ecosystem in the USA is poorly damaged by invasive woods.‎ ‎【答案】28. B 29. C 30. D 31. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是记叙文，叙述了来自东亚的虫子正在慢慢杀死美国各地的树木，这种虫子主要通过木质的运货板带进美国的。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据The bug from East Asia is slowly killing trees across the USA. The ‎ trouble-making bug is just one of many invasive(入侵的) pests that have slipped into the United States. 这种来自东亚的虫子正在慢慢杀死美国各地的树木。所以这些入侵的虫子不是原产于Wappinger Creek。故选B。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据It’s hard to believe the tiny bug could kill a tree. 很难相信这种小虫子能杀死一棵树。所以推出很小的虫子对于树也是一种威胁。故选C。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据All it takes are a few bad pallets; we should get rid of wooden pallets可知，应该扔掉运货板因为它们是这种虫子的携带者。故选D。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据trees can end up with millions and millions of the pests. When there are that many, it ends up killing the tree.The bug from East Asia is slowly killing trees across the USA. 入侵害虫正在危害美国的植物。故选A。‎ D While elephants born without tusks (长牙)are not unheard of，they normally form just 2 to 6 percent of the population. However, that is not the case at Mozambique’s Gorongosa National Park, where an astonishing 33 percent of female elephants born after the country’s civil war ended in 1992 are tuskless. While that may appear to be just a coincidence, Joyce Poole, an elephant behavior expert, has another theory. The researcher thinks we may be witnessing unnatural evolution of the species due to the constant hunting of elephants for valuable ivory.‎ Poole says before the country’s 15-year-long civil war, the 100,000-acre park was home to over 4,000 elephants. However, by the time the conflict ended in 1992, about 90 percent of them had been killed for ivory to help finance weapons (武器)and meat to feed the soldiers. Of the less than 200 survivors, over 50 percent of adult females had no tusks. Therefore, it is not surprising that the park’s tuskless elephant population has grown greatly.‎ This is not the first time researchers have observed a great change in the population of elephants. At Zambia’s South Luangwa National Park and Lupande Game ‎ Management Area， areas which were heavily hunted in the 1970s and 1980s, 35% of elephants 25 years or older and 13% of those younger than 25 are now without tusks. A 2008 study published found that the number of tuskless females at the Ruaha National Park in Tanzania went from 10.5 percent in 1969 to almost 40 percent in 1989, largely due to illegal hunting for ivory.‎ The recent ban on ivory in both the US and China should help get rid of, or at least reduce, elephant hunting. However, scientists are not sure how long it will take for elephants with a higher rate of tuskless females, to change the trend.‎ ‎32. What is the probable cause of the phenomenon mentioned in Paragraph 1 ?‎ A. Illegal hunting. B. Constant farming.‎ C. A pure coincidence. D. Natural evolution.‎ ‎33. Why did people kill so many elephants during the civil war in Mozambique?‎ A. To get funds by selling ivory.‎ B. To develop new weapons.‎ C. To provide food for local people.‎ D. To make ivory products.‎ ‎34. Which of the following had the earliest record on tuskless elephants?‎ A. Gorongonsa National Park.‎ B. South Luangwa National Park.‎ C. The Ruaha National Park.‎ D. Lupande Game Management Area.‎ ‎35. What does the underlined phrase “the trend” in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A. Elephants facing greater danger.‎ B. Elephants growing more slowly.‎ C. Fewer female elephants staying alive.‎ D. More female elephants being tuskless.‎ ‎【答案】32. A 33. A 34. C 35. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了受生存环境及偷猎行为的影响，有些非洲大象出生时就没有长牙，这势必会影响该物种的繁衍，目前一些国家已经开展拯救措施。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据The researcher thinks we may be witnessing unnatural evolution of the species due to the constant hunting of elephants for valuable ivory.可知，研究人员认为，由于不断猎杀大象以获取有价值的象牙，我们可能正在目睹该物种的非自然进化。故选A。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据by the time the conflict ended in 1992, about 90 percent of them had been killed for ivory to help finance weapons (武器)and meat to feed the soldiers. 冲突在1992年结束的时候,大约90%的象被杀为了要象牙来融资制造武器并给士兵提供肉。故选A。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据A 2008 study published found that the number of tuskless females at the Ruaha National Park in Tanzania went from 10.5 percent in 1969 to almost 40 percent in 1989, largely due to illegal hunting for ivory. 2008年发表的一项研究发现，在坦桑尼亚的鲁哈国家公园，没有象牙的雌性数量从1969年的10.5%上升到1989年的近40%，这主要是因为非法狩猎象牙。这是最早的记录。故选C。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据scientists are not sure how long it will take for elephants with a higher rate of tuskless females, 科学家们还不确定无牙母象率较高的这种情况需要多长时间能够改变。故选D。‎ 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Can We Stop Food Longing Through Imaginary Eating?‎ Are you fighting an urge to reach for chocolate? Then, let it melt in your mind, not in your mouth. According to the recent research, imagining eating a specific food reduces your interest in that food, so you eat less of it.‎ This reaction to repeated exposure to food—being less interested in something because you’ve experienced it too much—is called habituation. _____36_____‎ The research is the first to show that habituation can occur through the power of the mind. “If you just think about the food itself—how it tastes and smells—that will increase your appetite,” said Carey Morewedge, a well-known psychologist. “It might be better to force yourself to repeatedly think about chewing and swallowing the food in order to reduce your longing. _____37_____ Visualizing yourself eating chocolate wouldn’t prevent you from eating lots of cheese,” he added.‎ Morewedge conducted an interesting experiment. 51 subjects were divided into three groups. One group was asked to imagine putting 30 coins into a laundry machine and then eating three chocolates. _____38_____ Another group was asked to imagine putting three coins into a laundry machine and then eating 30 chocolates. Lastly, a control group imagined just putting 33 coins into the machine—with no chocolates. _____39_____ When they said they had finished, these were taken away and weighed. The results showed the group that had imagined eating 30 chocolates each ate fewer of the chocolates than the other groups.‎ ‎_____40_____ Physical signals—that full stomach feeling—are only part of what tells us we’ve finished a meal. The research suggests that psychological effects, such as habituation, also influence how much a person eats. It may lead to new behavioral techniques for people looking to eat more healthily, or have control over other habits.‎ A. What’s more, this only works with the specific food you’ve imagined.‎ B. People were advised to try different methods to perform the experiment.‎ C. For example, a tenth bite is desired less than the first bite, according to the study.‎ D. All of them then ate freely from bowls containing the same amount of chocolate each.‎ E. It meant those who repeatedly imagined eating would concern about some specific food.‎ F. This requires the same motor skills as eating small chocolates from a packet, the study says.‎ G. This study is part of the research looking into what makes us eat more than we ‎ actually need.‎ ‎【答案】36. C 37. A ‎ ‎38. F 39. D ‎ ‎40. G ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了心理因素对人们饮食数量的影响，例如 “habituation”。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 根据横线前面一句“This reaction to repeated exposure to food—being less interested in something because you’ve experienced it too much—is called habituation”可知当我们多次接触到某一食物的时候，我们对它的兴趣就会减少，因为我们已经熟悉了它。本句是对这一理论的举例说明，C项“For example, a tenth bite is desired less than the first bite, according to the study.”与前面一句相吻合，故选择C项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 根据横线后面一句“Visualizing yourself eating chocolate wouldn’t prevent you from eating lots of cheese”可知想象自己吃巧克力的样子不会阻止你吃奶酪。也就是说我们要想象自己吃某种具体的食物，这样才会减少你对这种食物的渴望。A项“What’s more, this only works with the specific food you’ve imagined.”恰好与此吻合，故选择A项。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 根据本段前面两句“Morewedge conducted an interesting experiment. 51 subjects were divided into three groups.”可知研究人员对此问题进行了分组研究。第一组的研究对象被要求想象把30个硬币扔进洗衣机，然后想象吃了3个巧克力。这和从口袋里拿出巧克力来吃有类似的运动神经技巧，所以研究人员才会这样开展研究。F项“This requires the same motor skills as eating small chocolates from a packet, the study says.”与上下文语境一致，故F项正确。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 根据本段最后一句“The results showed the group that had imagined eating 30 chocolates each ate fewer of the chocolates than the other groups.”可知在这些人吃完以后，进行称重。结果发现想象每次吃了30个巧克力的人实际上吃了最少。也就是说在他们实验结束以后，会让他们自由地吃巧克力。D项“All of them then ate freely from bowls containing the same amount of chocolate each.”符合上下文语境，故选择D项。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 根据本段第三句“The research suggests that psychological effects, such as habituation, also influence how much a person eats.”可知本次研究说明心理方面的因素会影响人们吃的东西的量。由此可见这个研究是关于人们饮食数量的话题。G项“This study is part of the research looking into what makes us eat more than we actually need.”符合中心思想，故选择G项。‎ 第三部分:语言知识运用 第一节:完形填空 (共 20小题;每小题 1. 5分,满分 30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ I was at the post office early that morning, hoping to be in and out in a short while. Yet, I___41___ myself standing in a queue that went all the way into the hallway. I had never seen so many people there on a weekday. It seemed someone might have made an announcement, welcoming customers to carry as many ___42___ as they could and bring them in when I needed to have my own package ___43___. The queue moved very slowly. My patience ran out and I got___44___. The longer it took, the angrier I became. When I got to the counter finally, I finished my___45___quickly and briefly, and then walked past the queue that was now extending past the front door.‎ ‎“Excuse me,” I said, trying not to be too pushy. Several people had to move ___46___ to make room for me to get to the ___47___.‎ I stepped out, complaining about the ___48___ conditions. Thinking I was going to be late for my dentist appointment, I headed into the parking lot.‎ A woman was coming across the lot in my ___49___. She was walking with determination, and each step sounded very heavy. I ___50___ that she looked as if she could breathe fire. It stopped me in my tracks. I ___51___ myself and it wasn't pretty. Had I looked like that? Her body language said that she was having a ___52___ day. My anger melted away. I wished I could wrap her in a hug but I was a___53___. So I did what I could in a minute___54___ she hurried past me－I smiled. In a second everything changed. She was astonished, then somewhat ___55___.Then her face softened ‎ and her shoulders___56___. I saw her take a deep breath. Her pace slowed and she smiled back at me as we passed each other. I continued to smile all the way to my ___57___. Wow, it's amazing what a simple smile can do.‎ From then on, I became aware of people's ___58___ and my own, the way we show our feelings. Now I use that ___59___ every day to let it ___60___ me that when facing the world, I can try a smile.‎ ‎41. A. found B. helped C. troubled D. enjoyed ‎42. A. possessions B. packages C. chances D. dollars ‎43. A. lifted B. cashed C. weighed D. carried ‎44. A. pleased B. disappointed C. delighted D. annoyed ‎45. A. business B. choice C. situation D. attitude ‎46. A. away B. about C. along D. aside ‎47. A. counter B. cashier C. exit D. entrance ‎48. A. weather B. service C. work D. purchase ‎49. A. satisfaction B. decision C. direction D. imagination ‎50. A. announced B. discovered C. proved D. noticed ‎51. A. trusted B. recognized C. hid D. persuaded ‎52. A. rough B. bright C. big D. nice ‎53. A. gentleman B. stranger C. customer D. passenger ‎54. A. until B. though C. before D. since ‎55. A. attracted B. frightened C. excited D. confused ‎56. A. trembled B. raised C. relaxed D. tightened ‎57. A. car B. office C. home D. doctor ‎58. A. appearances B. reactions C. conversations D. expressions ‎59. A. treatment B. awareness C. conclusion D.‎ ‎ achievement ‎60. A. remind B. show C. give D. tell ‎【答案】41. A 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. C 50. D 51. B 52. A 53. B 54. C 55. D 56. C 57. A 58. D 59. B 60. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是故事类记叙文，叙述了作者在邮局对漫长的队伍感到生气，在停车场看见的一个愤怒妇女，让他开始反思自己，并对这个妇女报以微笑，改变了妇女也改变了自己。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查动词。A. found发现；B. helped帮助； C. troubled使烦恼 ；D. enjoyed享受。find sb doing发现某人正做……，我发现自己在很长的队伍里面排队，故选A。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查名词。A. possessions财产； B. packages包裹； C. chances机会； D. dollars美元。‎ 好像有人在宣布，欢迎顾客携带尽可能多的包裹，当我需要给自己的包裹称重时我就把它们拿进来。根据I needed to have my own package ___3___.可知，这里指包裹，故选B。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查动词。A. lifted举起； B. cashed支付；C. weighed称重量；D. carried携带。had my package weighed请人称包裹。故选C。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查形容词。A. pleased高兴的；B. disappointed失望的； C. delighted高兴的； D. annoyed生气的。从后面的句子：The longer it took, the angrier I became．可知作者失去耐心很生气。故选D。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查名词。A. business生意，交易； B. choice选择； C. situation形势； D. attitude态度。根据then walked past the queue that was now extending past the front door.可知，作者完成交易，从长长的队伍旁边走过。故选A。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查介词。A. away离开； B. about关于； C. along沿着； D. aside一旁。根据to make room for me to get to the ___7___.可知几个人让到一边，给作者腾出空间。故选D。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查名词。A. counter柜台； B. cashier收银台； C. exit出口； D. entrance入口。这些人让出地方是让作者出去。根据then walked past the queue that was now extending past the front door.可知，作者想要出去。需要向出口走去。故选C。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查名词。A. weather天气； B. service服务； C. work工作；D. purchase购买。作者抱怨服务条件。根据Thinking I was going to be late for my dentist appointment, I headed into the parking lot.可知，因为作者还想去看牙医，所以抱怨在这里服务不好，耽误了他的时间。故选B。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查名词。A. satisfaction满意； B. decision决定； C. direction方向； D. imagination想象。一个妇女正朝我这边走过来。in one’s direction朝着某人的方向。故选C。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查动词。A. announced宣称；B. discovered发现； C. proved证明； D. noticed注意到。我注意到她看起来非常地生气。故选D。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查动词。A. trusted信任； B. recognized承认；C. hid躲避； D. persuaded说服。从后面的句子：Had I looked like that? Her body language said that she was having a _ day．可知作者是在自我认识。故选B。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查形容词。A. rough艰苦的，粗鲁的； B. bright聪明的；C. big大的； D. nice好的。从前面的句子：that she looked as if she could breathe fire．可知这个妇女非常地生气。可知，她这一天过的不顺利（rough）。故选A。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查名词。A. gentleman绅士； B. stranger陌生人； C. customer顾客； D. passenger乘客。作者希望能拥抱这个妇女，但是自己是陌生人。根据A woman was coming across the lot in my ___9___.可知，作者不认识这个妇女。所以这里指他们是陌生人。故选B。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查连词。A. until直到； B. though虽然； C. before在……之前；D. since自从。在她从我旁边走过之前我做了我能做的。根据In a second everything changed. She was ‎ astonished, then somewhat ___15___.Then her face softened and her shoulders___16___. I saw her take a deep breath.可知，作者对这位陌生的妇女的微笑改变了她的心情，作者能看见这些变化，当然是在这位妇女在他旁边经过之前对她微笑的，才能看见这位妇女的心情的变化。故选C。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查动词。A. attracted吸引； B. frightened害怕； C. excited兴奋的； D. confused困惑的。从后面的In a second everything changed．She was astonished,可知这个妇女有点困惑。‎ 故选D。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 考查动词。A. trembled 颤抖；B. raised提高，举起； C. relaxed放松； D. tightened加紧。从后面的句子：Then her face softened可知这个妇女肩膀放松了。故选C。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 考查名词。A. car汽车； B. office办公室；C. home家； D. doctor医生。从前面的句子：Thinking I was going to be late for my dentist appointment, I headed into the parking lot．可知作者是去停车场取车的。故选A。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 考查名词。A. appearances外貌，出现；B. reactions反应；C. conversations 会话；D. expressions表情。从后面的句子：and my own, the way we show our feelings．可知作者开始注意人们的表情。故选D。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 考查名词。A. treatment对待； B. awareness意识； C. conclusion结论； D. achievement成就。从前面的句子：I became aware of people's and my own,可知填aware的名词。故选B。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 考查动词。A. remind提醒； B. show展示； C. give给与； D. tell告诉。这件事提醒我，面对世界要微笑。故选A。‎ 第二节:语篇填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题纸相应位置上。‎ Everyone likes to have friends ___61___ are trustworthy. When what we say matches what we do, we earn trust and friendship. On ___62___ contrary, once we break our word, nobody will ever trust us again. For example, if you are ___63___ untrustworthy worker, you are less likely ___64___ (get) a promotion. Therefore, the ___65___ (important) of keeping one's word cannot be stressed too much.‎ I once had the unpleasant experience of someone breaking his promise to me. Last month, everyone in my class had to gather at school ___66___ 6:30 am for our ___67___(graduate) trip. My friend Ben asked me to meet him at McDonald's at six, but he never showed up. I was ___68___ (depress) that when I called him, he told me he was already at school. I ___69___ (rush) straight there, but all my classmates still blamed me for delaying the trip. After that, I ended my ____70____ (friend) with Ben because I don't need friends who can't keep their word.‎ ‎【答案】61. who/that ‎ ‎62. the 63. an ‎ ‎64. to get 65. importance ‎ ‎66. at 67. graduation ‎ ‎68. depressed ‎ ‎69. rushed 70. friendship ‎【解析】‎ 本文关于友谊的记叙文，叙述了作者和Ben本来约好在六点在麦当劳那里相见，然后一起去参加学校组织的毕业旅行，结果Ben没有守信用，自己先去了学校，作者因为迟到了受到了同学们的责备，从此作者和Ben的友谊也结束了。‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 考查定语从句的关系词。句意：每个人都喜欢有值得信赖的朋友。先行词是friends指人，后跟定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作主语，who或that指人。故答案为：who/that.‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 考查固定短语中的冠词。句意：相反，一旦我们食言，没有人会再相信我们。固定短语on the contrary相反。故答案为：the.‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 考查冠词。句意：例如，如果你是一个不值得信任的员工，你就不太可能得到晋升。Worker是可数名词的单数形式，untrustworthy是以元音音素开头的单词，所以应该用不定冠词an，故答案为：an.‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 考查动词不定式。句意：例如，如果你是一个不值得信任的员工，你就不太可能得到晋升。短语be likely to do sth可能做某事。故答案为：to get.‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：因此，守信用的重要性怎么强调都不为过。空格前是冠词，所以这里应该用名词。important形容词；importance名词。故答案为：importance.‎ ‎【66题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：上个月，我们班的每个人都必须在早上六点半到学校参加毕业旅行。在具体的时刻前用介词at，故答案为：at.‎ ‎【67题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：上个月，我们班的每个人都必须在早上六点半到学校参加毕业旅行。空格后是名词，所以这里用名词作定语表示类别。graduate动词；graduation名词。故答案为：graduation.‎ ‎68题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：当我打电话给他时，他告诉我他已经在学校了，这让我很沮丧。句子的主语是人。表示人感到沮丧，用depressed。故答案为：depressed.‎ ‎【69题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：我直接赶到那里，但所有的同学仍然因为我耽搁了旅行而责备我。根据but all my classmates still blamed me可知，这里动词用的是一般过去时，所以空格处也用一般过去时。故答案为：rushed.‎ ‎【70题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：在那之后，我结束了和Ben的友谊，因为我不需要那些不守信用的朋友。end friendship with sb结束和某人的友谊。故答案为：friendship.‎ 第四部分:写作 第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ ‎71.假定英语老师要求同桌之间互相修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改:在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意:‎ ‎1.每处错误及其修改均仅限1词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ In my childhood, my parents sent me to learn Chinese calligraphy. However, things are quite opposite to their expectations. Not only I get bored with hours of practice but also I doubted about the valuable of it. Nevertheless, when I entered high school, write calligraphy proved both essential or beneficial. It was at that time when I realized how important it is to master a certain skill.‎ Judging from my own experience, I want to say a few word to those children who have a same trouble as I did. Do not refuse to learn a skill when young, as at the long run you will find them helpful.‎ ‎【答案】are→were only后面加上did valuable→value write→writing or→and when→that word→words a→the at→in them→it ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是故事类记叙文，叙述了作者在童年的时候，父母让他去学书法，结果作者对这件事很反感，等到上了高中才意识到学习书法的重要性。‎ ‎【详解】第一处：考查动词时态。句意：然而，事情与他们的期望完全相反。根据第一句In my ‎ childhood, my parents sent me to learn Chinese calligraphy可知，这里叙述的是童年的事情，所以句子应该用一般过去时。故答案为：are→were.‎ 第二处：考查倒装。句意：我不仅对几个小时的练习感到厌烦，而且怀疑它的价值。Not only…but also…Not only+句子，放在句首句子用部分倒装。这里句子的谓语动词是实意动词get，一般过去时的倒装在句子的主语之前加did，故答案为：only后面加上did.‎ 第三处：考查名词。句意：我不仅对几个小时的练习感到厌烦，而且怀疑它的价值。the后用名词，valuable有价值的，形容词；value名词，价值。故答案为：valuable→value.‎ 第四处：考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，当我进入高中，书法被证明是必不可少的并且有益的。write calligraphy是动词短语，不能作句子的主语，所以应该用动名词的形式。故答案为：write→writing.‎ 第五处：考查连词。句意：然而，当我进入高中，书法被证明是必不可少的并且有益的。这里连词both…and表示两者都。故答案为：or→and.‎ 第六处：考查强调句型。句意：就在那时，我意识到掌握一项技能是多么重要。这里是强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that+句子的其余部分。这里强调的是at that time，所以用that，故答案为：when→that.‎ 第七处：考查名词。句意：我想对那些和我一样有困难的孩子们说几句话。a few后跟可数名词的复数形式。故答案为：word→words.‎ 第八处：考查冠词。句意：我想对那些和我一样有困难的孩子们说几句话。same前常与定冠词the连用。故答案为：a→the.‎ 第九处：考查介词。句意：年轻时不要拒绝学习一项技能，因为从长远来看，你会发现它很有用。短语in the long run从长远来看。故答案为：at→in.‎ 第十处：考查代词。句意：年轻时不要拒绝学习一项技能，因为从长远来看，你会发现它很有用。短语find it+形容词。这里用it代替是to learn a skill这件事。故答案为：them→it.‎ ‎【点睛】短文改错从语法角度看 ‎1．查看时态是否一致。‎ 例如：第一处：考查动词时态。句意：然而，事情与他们的期望完全相反。根据第一句In my childhood, my parents sent me to learn Chinese calligraphy可知，这里叙述的是童年的事情，所以句子应该用一般过去时。故答案为：are→were.‎ ‎2．查看主谓是否一致。‎ 例如：Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them.‎ cost应改为costs，因其主语是it（为形式主语），且上下文均为一般现在时。‎ ‎3． 查指代是否一致。‎ 第十处：考查代词。句意：年轻时不要拒绝学习一项技能，因为从长远来看，你会发现它很有用。短语find it+形容词。这里用it代替是to learn a skill这件事。故答案为：them→it.‎ ‎4．查平行结构是否平行一致。‎ 由and, or, but, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, as well as等并列连词和词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。‎ 例如：It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.句中的drove显然与and前面的to meet不平行，应改为drive。‎ ‎5．名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致。‎ 第七处：考查名词。句意：我想对那些和我一样有困难的孩子们说几句话。a few后跟可数名词的复数形式。故答案为：word→words.‎ ‎6．查行文逻辑是否一致。‎ 例如：Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.‎ 根据行文逻辑，这里不应该由since来引导原因状语从句，而应该是when / whenever或if来引导时间或条件状语从句。‎ 第二节:书面表达(25分)‎ ‎72.假定你是李华，是校学生会主席，你校将举行校文化节，学校安排你写一封电子邮件，邀请外籍教授Black先生做关于中美文化差异的讲座。‎ 要点:1.讲座时间:2019年5月16日下午15点到17点；‎ ‎2.讲座地点:报告厅；‎ ‎3.联系方式:englishtec163.com。‎ 注意:1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear Professor Black,‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear Professor Black,‎ I am Li Hua, chairman of the Students' Union. Our school will have a culture festival and I am writing to invite you to give us a lecture about the cultural differences between America and China, which will begin at 15 o'clock and end at 17 o'clock on May 16th, 2019 in the lecture hall.‎ As an expert in international culture, you must have a good knowledge of the cultural differences, so we hope you could help us clear some cultural confusion. Could you please contact us at englishtec163.com if you could come to our culture festival?‎ We are looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours truly,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是应用文的电子邮件类。‎ ‎【详解】本文是一篇电子邮件，认真阅读提示，认清写作要求和提纲之间的关系，然后确定文章的主题、文体、人称和时态。根据所给提纲，列出要点，并以此为基础充分发挥自己的想象力，灵活运用英语知识，采用不同的表达方式将各要点完整地表述出来。写作时注意时态、语态的合理运用，主次分明，详略得当，语言力求准确、简洁。根据情景的发展，按顺序安排好材料。同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词，适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。因为讲座还未进行，所以句子的时态用一般将来时，句子的主语用第一人称。‎ ‎【点睛】本文是一篇电子邮件，内容符合要求，语句结构严谨，文中使用高级句子。I am writing to invite you to give us a lecture about the cultural differences between America and China, which will begin at 9 o'clock and end at 11 o'clock on Nov.20th,2017 in the lecture hall. which引导非限制性定语从句；so we hope you could help us clear some cultural confusion.so引导并列句；Could you please contact us at englishtec163.com if you could come to our culture festival?if引导条件状语从句。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎