2019-2020学年新教材高中英语Unit3 On the move 13页

Section Ⅲ　Using language & Writing 不定式作定语和状语 动词不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志，无意义，有时可省略。其否定形式为“not＋动词不定式”。不定式既有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。‎ ‎1．不定式的时态和语态 主动语态 被动语态 意义 一般时 to do to be done 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后 完成时 to have ‎ done ‎ to have ‎ been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 进行时 to be ‎ doing 表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行 ‎◆Father warned me not to drive after drinking.‎ 父亲警告我不要酒后开车。‎ ‎◆It’s a great honour to be invited to do the voluntary work for the disabled.‎ 被邀请为残疾人做志愿服务，我感到很荣幸。‎ ‎◆I happened to have read your advertisement and decided to apply for the job.‎ 我碰巧读了您的广告，决定申请这份工作。‎ ‎◆The little boy pretended to be reading the book when his teacher entered the classroom.‎ 老师走进教室时小男孩假装正在读书。‎ ‎2．不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语时，应置于被修饰的名词或代词后面。以下几种情况下常使用不定式作定语：‎ ‎(1)表示将来的动作时。根据需要，不定式可用主动或被动形式，但其含义有所不同。‎ ‎◆ I have a lot of homework to do.‎ 我有很多家庭作业要做。(不定式to do的动作执行者是I)‎ ‎◆The building to be built next month will be a modern hospital.‎ - 13 -‎ 下个月要建的那座楼将是一个现代化的医院。(不定式to be built的动作执行者是“别人”，其后可以加上by sb.，因此只能用不定式的被动形式作后置定语)‎ ‎(2)放在序数词、形容词最高级，the last, the only, no, any, all等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系。‎ ‎◆ He is the best man to do the job.‎ 他是做这项工作的最佳人选。‎ ‎(3)被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用不定式作后置定语，且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability, chance, idea, right, evidence, attempt, plan, way, reason, opportunity, time等。 ‎ ‎◆ I want to have a chance to further my study abroad.‎ 我想得到一次去国外进修的机会。‎ ‎(1)在作定语的动词不定式中，不定式与被修饰的词有动宾关系，且句中有该不定式的逻辑主语时，该不定式通常用主动形式表被动意义。如果这个不定式是不及物动词，其后应加上适当的介词。 ‎ ‎◆Do you have enough paper to write on?‎ 你有足够的纸来写字吗？ ‎ ‎(2)如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way等， 不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省去。‎ ‎◆He has no place to live (in)．‎ 他没有地方住。‎ ‎3．不定式作状语 ‎(1)不定式作原因状语多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。‎ ‎◆I’m very glad to be invited to attend the meeting.‎ 我很高兴被邀请参加这个会议。‎ ‎(2)不定式作目的状语时可与so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首。‎ ‎◆To know something about English is one thing; to know English is quite another.‎ 懂一点英语是一回事；掌握英语完全是另一回事。‎ ‎(3)不定式作结果状语常表示意想不到的结果，常用only to do。‎ ‎◆I went to see him, only to learn that he had left the city the night before.‎ 我去看他，不料听人家说他已经在前夜离开了这个城市。‎ - 13 -‎ 熟记固定结构be＋adj.＋to do sth.‎ ‎◆As far as I’m concerned, he is very easy to get along with.　就我个人而言，他很容易相处。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．These facts are enough to__prove(prove) that she is right.‎ ‎2．(2017·天津卷)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a trainto__catch(catch)．‎ ‎3．(2019·玉溪一中月考)You lose weight for a while, only to__gain(gain) back more weight when you stop your weight loss program.‎ ‎4．As the famous saying goes，“It is never too late to__learn(learn)．”‎ ‎5．I paid a visit to Jason last night, only to__be__told(tell) he had gone to Beijing on business.‎ ‎6．How foolish he was！To__pay(pay) off the debts，Tom sold his house so his family members became homeless.‎ ‎7．Susan was the first person in our office to__think(think) of the idea.‎ ‎8．It will be a good opportunity __to__exchange(exchange) experience.‎ ‎9．I want to get some books to__read(read) during the summer holiday.‎ ‎10．To__make(make) your dream come true，the first thing to do is make a plan and determine to carry it out.‎ 语法与写作 ‎1．她决定更加努力学习以赶上别人。‎ She decided to work harder to__catch__up__with the others.‎ ‎2．有这么多工作要做，我没有机会外出观光。‎ I have no chance to__go__sightseeing with so much work to do.‎ ‎3．忘掉悲伤的最好方法是将自己投入到工作中去。‎ The best way to__forget__your__sadness is to bury yourself in your work.‎ ‎4．帮助了那位无家可归的妇人，我感到非常高兴。‎ I was very glad to__have__helped the homeless woman.‎ ‎5．我们到了北京，结果发现去广州的航班由于天气状况被取消了。‎ We arrived in Beijing, only__to__find that the flight to Guangzhou had been canceled because of weather conditions.‎ - 13 -‎ 体育故事 文体感知 讲述自己的体育故事是将自己所经历过的、做过的、印象比较深刻的体育故事、情感等讲述出来。文章一般可以分成三部分。第一部分：简介自己的运动故事；第二部分：讲述具体事件；第三部分：展望自己和这项运动的未来或该项运动给你带来的启示等。‎ 增分佳句 ‎1．My hobby is playing basketball.‎ ‎2．I started to play basketball when I was 12 years old.‎ ‎3．This exercise is quite beneficial to me, because I am very strong now.‎ ‎4．This is no doubt that sport is good for our health.‎ ‎5．It’s time to take action to stay away from the TV and computer and to take part in sport activities.‎ 写作要求 英语课上，老师让学生讲述自己做某项运动的经历。要点如下：‎ ‎1．与你所讲述运动的渊源；‎ ‎2．做该项运动的经历或过程；‎ ‎3．该项运动给你带来了什么。‎ 审题谋篇 项目 结论 体裁 记叙文 话题 体育故事 时态 一般过去时为主 人称 第一人称为主 词句推敲 ‎1．词汇 ‎①谚语　　　　　　　　　　　 proverb ‎②改善，提高 improve ‎③逐渐地 gradually ‎④精力充沛的 full__of__energy ‎ ‎⑤太累了以至于不能继续 _too__tired__to__continue - 13 -‎ ‎2．句式 ‎①有句谚语这样说：“没人会在意健康的价值，直到失去了它。”‎ 普通表达：There is a proverb and it goes that “No one knows the value of health until he loses it.”‎ 高级表达：As__the__proverb__goes,__“No__one__knows__the__value__of__health__‎ until__he__loses__it.”(用as 引导的非限制性定语从句改写)‎ ‎②我小时候身体不健康。自从我打乒乓球之后，身体状况得到了改善。‎ 普通表达：I wasn’t healthy when I was young. That improved after I played pingpong.‎ 高级表达：I__wasn’t__healthy__when__I__was__young.__However,__that__improved ‎__after__I__played__pingpong.(用however连接)‎ 妙笔成篇 ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ As the proverb goes, “No one knows the value of health until he loses it.” I understand it exactly because I wasn’t healthy when I was young. However, that improved after I played pingpong.‎ At the start, I was too tired to continue, but I was persuaded not to give up by my parents. Gradually, I realized that it is of great benefit to my health.‎ By playing pingpong every day I can keep myself full of energy every day. Without it, I will feel tired and I can’t finish my tasks efficiently. I think it has become and will be a part of my life.‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．We must have the courage to__face(face) the coming challenge.I believe you will succeed.‎ ‎2．We are invited to a party to__be__held(hold) in our club next Friday.‎ - 13 -‎ ‎3．In college, there are so many good chances to__meet(meet) your expectations.‎ ‎4．To__make(make) her dream come true, the Chinese girl insists on practicing playing the piano every day.‎ ‎5．We will be more than happy to__receive(receive) materials, such as clothes, quilts and school supplies.‎ ‎6．—Do you have anything to__be__typed(type), sir.‎ ‎—Nothing at present.‎ ‎7．Thousands of words are not enough to__express(express) how grateful we are to you.‎ ‎8．They are always the first to__bear(bear) hardships, the last to__enjoy(enjoy) comforts.‎ ‎9．He hurried to the station, only to__be__told(tell) that the tickets had been sold out.‎ ‎10．I have to work hard to__live(live) a normal life but it has been worth it.‎ 阅读理解 A As early as 1894，the newlyformed International Olympic Committee(IOC) considered ice skating as a possibility for the first modern Olympic Games which would be held in 1896.‎ In 1911, a member of the IOC suggested that winter sports should be staged as part of the 1912 Olympics in Helsinki.Some opposed the idea.At last, the IOC decided to hold Winter Olympic Games in 1916.However, World War Ⅰ broke out in 1914.After 1920，the national governing bodies for winter sports in several countries began talking about the possibility of a separate Winter Olympics.‎ The town of Chamonix, in the French Alps, planned to hold a winter sports festival in 1924; at the same time Paris was to host the Olympics.The Marquis de Polignac，a member of the IOC，suggested that the festival be formally recognized as the Winter Olympic Games.The IOC didn’t go that far, but did agree that Chamonix could call its festival an “Olympic winter carnival”．‎ The festival drew 258 athletes from 16 countries to compete in bobsledding(雪橇车比赛)，figure skating，hockey, Nordic skiing and speed skating.Charles Jewtraw from the United States won the first gold medal，in the 500meter speed skating, but the festival’s hero was Claus Thunberg from Finland.He won five medals，three of - 13 -‎ ‎ which were gold, in speed skating.‎ Weather has often been a major story at the Winter Olympics, and so it was at Chamonix.The festival opened with rain and unseasonably warm temperature that turned snow and ice to mud.Then temperature dropped as far as 25 below zero and the mud became ice.‎ Despite the weather，more than 10，000 people showed up.At its yearly meeting in 1925，the IOC recognized the Chamonix festival as the first Winter Olympics and decided that the Winter Games would be held every four years, just like the Summer Olympics.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文简单介绍了冬季奥运会的由来。‎ ‎1．Why was the first Winter Olympic Games not held in 1916?‎ A．Because the IOC didn’t agree to it.‎ B．Because it was still under discussion.‎ C．Because some people opposed the idea.‎ D．Because World War Ⅰ broke out in 1914.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At last, the IOC decided to hold Winter Olympic Games in 1916. However, World War Ⅰ broke out in 1914.”可知是第一次世界大战打断了冬奥会的进程。‎ ‎2．How many years earlier was the first modern Olympic Games held than the first Winter Olympic Games?‎ A．16.　　　　　　　　　　 B．24.‎ C．28. D．29.‎ C　解析：数字计算题。根据第一段中的“for the first modern Olympic Games which would be held in 1896”可知，第一届现代奥运会是1896年召开；根据第三段和最后一段可知，第一届冬奥会是1924年召开，通过计算可知C正确。‎ ‎3．We can know from the passage that ________．‎ A．the weather destroyed the first Winter Olympics B．people from 16 countries watched the first Winter Olympics C．Charles Jewtraw won the most medals in the first Winter Olympics D．Finland got at least 3 gold medals in speed skating in the first Winter Olympics D　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“...Claus Thunberg from Finland.He won five medals，three of which were gold，in speed skating.”可知芬兰的Claus Thunberg在速滑中得到了3枚金牌，由此可推断芬兰至少在速滑中得到了3枚金牌。‎ ‎4．What’s the best title for the passage?‎ - 13 -‎ A．The Development of the Olympics B．The Importance of Weather in the Olympics C．The Story of the First Winter Olympic Games D．How Did the Winter Olympics Come into Being?‎ D　解析：标题归纳题。阅读全文可知本文讲述的是冬季奥运会发展形成的整个过程，所以D正确。‎ B I traveled to London, England in the spring of 2016.Actually, I traveled with CAPA International Education on a study program.At that time, I did a full threemonth program but I traveled on weekends and during breaks.‎ I used to live in a small town outside New York.The idea of big cities has always excited me and I wanted to take advantage of that onceinalifetime opportunity.It was a great opportunity for me to see how independent I could be in another country, because I hope to travel a lot more in the future.‎ I lived in a flat in Ealing Broadway with several other students from different American schools.The biggest surprise I found there was the culture shock I experienced.I had expected traveling to London to be an easy transition(转变) for me because I thought their culture was close to that of America.But you know the language and the people were greatly different from what I had expected.They had different accents.In fact, they were noisy and more freethinking than most Americans I knew.‎ However, I tried to take part in their giant Chinese New Year celebration in Trafalgar Square.I went to several Jewish society holiday celebrations and actively participated in any cultural activities I knew at that time.It was great to be able to truly put myself in their culture.These are experiences I couldn’t get anywhere else.‎ I would suggest people hoping to follow in my footsteps not let anything hold them back from exploring the foreign cultures presented to them.Yes, you are there for school, but your number one priority(优先) is yourself.So make sure you go home with no regrets.Do not miss anything!‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在去英国参加学习项目期间，利用周末和假期旅游，努力融入当地文化，并且感受到了将学习与探索外国文化融为一体的重要意义。‎ - 13 -‎ ‎5．What was the author’s main purpose in going to London?‎ A．To go sightseeing.‎ B．To visit some relatives.‎ C．To join in a study program.‎ D．To experience the life in a big city.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I traveled to London, England in the spring of 2016.Actually, I traveled with CAPA International Education on a study program.”可知，作者去伦敦的主要目的是参加一个学习项目。‎ ‎6．What did the author think of the opportunity of traveling to London?‎ A．It would change his life.‎ B．It would test his independence.‎ C．It would make his dream come true.‎ D．It would help improve his communication ability.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It was a great opportunity for me to see how independent I could be in another country...”可知，作者把赴英国学习的机会看作对自己独立能力的一次检验。‎ ‎7．What was beyond the author’s expectation after arriving in London?‎ A．Culture differences.　　　 B．Unfriendly students.‎ C．His living conditions. D．Some strange accents.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The biggest surprise I found there was the culture shock I experienced.”可知，作者在英国经历的文化冲击是作者意料之外的。‎ ‎8．In the last paragraph, the author mainly suggests people studying abroad to ________．‎ A．explore more interesting places for traveling B．try to receive more international education C．combine study with exploring foreign cultures D．look for more ways to deal with the culture shock C　解析：写作意图题。在最后一段，作者建议那些希望追随其脚步赴英国学习的人们不要让任何事情阻止他们探索呈现在他们面前的外国文化。‎ 语法填空 The jaguar(美洲豹) is the largest cat in the Americas. A hundred years ago, jaguars 1.____________(find) everywhere from the southwestern United States to Argentina, in South America. Today, jaguars are an endangered species throughout their 2.____________(nature) habitat and have been lost from 50 percent of their ‎ - 13 -‎ territory(领土). Today they live 3.____________(most) in the Amazon rainforest. And jaguars aren’t the only animals losing their homes—according 4.____________ the International Union for Conservation of Nature, habitat loss 5.____________(be) the main threat to about 85 percent of all endangered plant and animal species.‎ Tropical(热带的) rainforests cover only about 7 percent of Earth’s land, but they’re home to about half of all known plant and animal species. Most 6.____________(scientist) agree that about 80，000 acres (an acre is equal to 4，047 square metres) disappear every day when trees are cut down and land is cleared for farms. Trees also play 7.____________ important role in climate change. Fewer forests mean that more greenhouse gases remain 8.____________(trap) in the atmosphere, the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth.‎ Grasslands, underwater habitats, and wetlands are also at risk. For example, the World Wildlife Fund reports that about half of the world’s wetlands 9.____________(disappear) since a hundred years ago as a result of being drained(排水) for either farmland 10.____________ other industries. That means less space for animals to feed and raise their young.‎ ‎1．were found　解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。设空处所在句意为“一百多年前，从美国的西南部到南美的阿根廷都能发现美洲豹的踪影”，故find与jaguars之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且由A hundred years ago可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填were found。‎ ‎2．natural　解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰habitat，表示“自然的”，故填形容词natural。‎ ‎3．mostly　解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰谓语动词live，表示“主要地”，故填副词mostly。‎ ‎4．to　解析：考查介词。according to意为“按照，根据……所说”。‎ ‎5．is　解析：考查主谓一致。设空处所在句描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时，因为主语是habitat loss，故填is。‎ ‎6．scientists　解析：考查名词的数。设空处作主语，表示“科学家”，因为scientist是可数名词，由Most及谓语动词agree可知，此处应填scientists。‎ ‎7．an　解析：考查不定冠词。设空处所在句意为“树木在气候变化方面起着重要作用”，又因important的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。play an important role in...意为“在……方面起重要作用”。‎ ‎8．trapped　解析：考查过去分词作表语的用法。设空处所在句意为“森林面积的减少意味着越来越多的温室气体停留在大气层里”，trap与greenhouse gases之间是被动关系，故填过去分词trapped。‎ - 13 -‎ ‎9．have disappeared　解析：考查现在完成时。由since a hundred years ago可知，此处应用现在完成时，因为主语是half of the world’s wetlands，故填have disappeared。‎ ‎10．or　解析：考查连词。either...or...意为“或者……或者……”。‎ 书面表达 假如你是李华，你班交换生 Amy 这两天因身体不适，未能到校上课，请给她发一封电子邮件，要点如下：‎ ‎1．表示安慰；‎ ‎2．询问她是否能参加下周六学校举行的足球比赛；‎ ‎3．邀请她下个月到你家共度端午节。‎ 注意：1.词数80左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Dear Amy，‎ I am so sorry to learn that you suddenly fell ill.It’s never easy to adapt to a new environment，and hopefully you’ll soon get used to it.‎ As scheduled，our football match will take place next Saturday.I would greatly appreciate it if you could let me know whether you can take part in it by then.By the way，our traditional Dragon Boat Festival is coming next month.My family and I are all expecting your coming to enjoy the authentic festive atmosphere with us.‎ Don’t hesitate to tell me if you need any help.Sincerely hope that you will be well soon.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎《汤姆·索亚历险记》是马克·吐温非常著名的作品。这部小说描述了聪明且顽皮的汤姆因受不了姨妈和学校老师的管束，常常逃学闯祸。一天深夜，‎ - 13 -‎ 他与好朋友哈克贝里·芬到墓地玩耍，无意中目睹了一起凶杀案的发生。因为害怕被凶手发现他们知道这件事，汤姆和哈克贝里带着另一个小伙伴一起逃到一座荒岛上，在那里做起了“海盗”。后来经过激烈的思想斗争，汤姆终于勇敢地站出来，指证了凶手。‎ ‎[词句积累]‎ ‎1．perplexed/pə'plekst/adj.‎ 不知所措的 ‎2．fiercely/'fIəslI/adv.猛烈地 ‎3．constitute/'kɒnstItjuːt/vt.‎ 组成，构成 ‎4．desperate/'desp(ə)rət/adj.令人绝望的 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(excerpt)‎ ‎“What’s gone with that boy, I wonder? You TOM！” No answer.‎ The old lady pulled her spectacles down and looked over them about the room; then she put them up and looked out under them. She seldom or never looked through them for so small a thing as a boy; they were her state pair, the pride of her heart, and were built for “style”， not service—she could have seen through a pair of stovelids just as well. She looked perplexed for a moment, and then said, not fiercely, but still loud enough for the furniture to hear：“Well, I lay if I get hold of you I’ll—” She did not finish, for by this time she was bending down and punching under the bed with the broom, and so she needed breath to punctuate the punches with. She resurrected nothing but the cat.‎ ‎“I never did see the beat of that boy！” She went to the open door and stood in it and looked out among the tomato vines and “jimpson” weeds that constituted the garden. No Tom. So she lifted up her voice at an angle calculated for distance and shouted：“Youu Tom！” There was a slight noise behind her and she turned just in time to seize a small boy by the slack of his roundabout and arrest his flight.‎ ‎“There! I might‘a’ thought of that closet. What you been doing in there？”‎ ‎“Nothing.”‎ ‎“Nothing! Look at your hands. And look at your mouth. What is that truck？”‎ ‎“I don’t know, aunt.”‎ ‎“Well, I know. It’s jam—that’s what it is. Forty times I’ve said if you didn’t let that jam alone I’d skin you. Hand me that switch.”‎ The switch hovered in the air—the peril was desperate—“My! Look behind you, ‎ - 13 -‎ aunt！”,《汤姆·索亚历险记》(节选)‎ ‎“这孩子到底怎么啦，我真搞不懂？你这个汤姆！”还是没有人答应。‎ 这老太太拉低眼镜从镜片上方朝房间看了看，然后她又抬高眼镜从镜片下面看。她很少或者干脆说她从来没戴正眼镜来找像一个小男孩这样小的东西。这副眼镜是很考究的，也是她的骄傲，她配这副眼镜不是为了实用，而是为了“装饰”，为了“漂亮”。她看东西时，即使戴上两片炉子盖也照样看得一清二楚。她茫然不知所措地愣了一会儿。然后虽然不是凶神恶煞般，但是嗓门高得让每个角落都能听到，她说：“好，我发誓如果我抓住你，我就——”她话没有说完，因为这时她正弯腰用扫把往床下猛捣，每捣一下，她需要停下来换口气。结果，只捣出来一只猫。‎ ‎“我还从没有见过这么令人吃惊的孩子！”她走到敞开的门口，站在那里朝满园子的西红柿藤和吉普逊草丛中看，想找到汤姆，可还是没有。于是她亮开嗓子朝远处，高声喊道：“汤姆呀，汤姆！”这时在她身后传来一声轻微的响声，她转身一把抓住了一个小男孩的短外套的衣角，他想跑都跑不掉了。‎ ‎“嘿！我早该想到那个壁橱，你躲在那里干什么？”‎ ‎“没干什么。”‎ ‎“没干什么？！瞧你那双手，再看你那张嘴，还有那浑身是什么？”‎ ‎“我不知道，姨妈。”‎ ‎“哎，我知道，那是果酱——对，就是。我已跟你讲过有四十遍了，不要动我的果酱，否则我就扒你的皮。把鞭子递给我。”‎ 鞭子在空中晃悠——情况万分紧急。“不得了！瞧你身后是什么，姨妈！”‎ 四大核心素养养成档案 核心素养 具体能力 模块效果评价 问题原因分析 语言能力 词汇的识记能力、语言的运用能力 文化品格 对中外文化的理解与鉴赏能力 思维品质 用英语进行分析、概括与推断的能力 学习能力 自我选用学习策略、方法和评价的能力 - 13 -‎